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Page 1: Status of the BRT Industry

Status of the BRT IndustryDario Hidalgo

Luis Gutierrez

Luis A. Lindau

EMBARQ, The WRI Center for Sustainable Transport

BRT-ALC Center of Excellence Meeting

Washington DC, January 25, 2010

Page 2: Status of the BRT Industry

BRT in numbers 2010

120 cities with BRT Systems and Bus Corridors

280 corridors

4,335 km

6,683 stations

30,000 buses

26.8 million passengers per weekday 1% of the world´s urban population (2010)

1.4 times the combined population of New York and Newark (2010)

Page 3: Status of the BRT Industry

Rapid growth of BRT Systems and Bus Corridors in 2010, specially in developing cities

16 cities started operations in 2010 (13% growth)

China (4), Indonesia (4), Colombia (2), India, Thailand, Mexico, Perú, UK, Canada

21 corridors; 396 km; 464 stations; 2,047 buses

1.4 million passengers per weekday (5% growth)

7 cities expanded corridors in 2010, 125 km

49 new cities with corridors under construction

16 cities expanding their corridors

31 new cities in planning stages

Page 4: Status of the BRT Industry
Page 5: Status of the BRT Industry

Iteresting developments 2010

Government Agencies – moving from corridors to integrated systems – e.g. Santiago, Sao Paulo, Bogota, León

Growing Public Private Partnerships PPP for systems operation

Increased support from the national level - programs in Mexico, Colombia, India, Indonesia, France, US

Interest of manufacturers in BRT, new buses from India, Indonesia and China - complement the high bus production of Brasil

Fare collection, control, user information systems technologies consolidated

Page 6: Status of the BRT Industry

Salient issues

Poor understanding on what is BRT

Institutional and financial risks – poor contracting, institutional set ups and fare level definition mechanisms

“The bus industry needs a ‘wake-up’ call. The opportunities are extensive, but the industry is far too traditional (often complacent), often lacking lateral thinking and not pro-active enough.” Hensher D. “A bus-based transitway or light rail? Continuing the saga on choice versus blind commitment” Road & Transport Research, Vol 8 No 3 September 1999.

Strong preference by decision makers for rail alternatives without adequate alternatives analyses

Hot debates in Curitiba, Bogotá, Quito, Lima, Sao Paulo, Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Washington DC, Sydney…

Page 7: Status of the BRT Industry

What is a Bus Rapid Transit System?

Photo: Karl Fjelstrom - ITDP

“Is a flexible, rubber-tired form of rapid transit that combines stations, vehicles, services, running ways and ITS elements into an integrated system with strong identity”TCRP Report 90 – Bus Rapid Transit – Volume 2: Implementation Guidelines 2003

“It is a high quality public transport system, oriented to the user that offers fast, comfortable and low cost urban mobility” BRT Planning Guide – ITDP, 2007

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What is a Bus Rapid Transit System?

This or (and) this?

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Component “High End” BRT – “Supply Side”

Running Ways

• Complete or at least Longitudinal Segregation

Traffic Engineering

• Geometric Adjustments (high speed and safety)• Left and Right Turn Controls• Traffic Signal Priorities for Buses• Modern Traffic Signal Technology

Stations• Enclosed Facilities• Level Boarding and Prepayment• Passing Lanes (when required)

Vehicles• Multiple doors• Easy Boarding/Alighting• Low Emissions

Services• Mixed services (local, accelerated, express; short loops)• Designed according to the service needs

ITS• Automatic Vehicle Location/Centralized Control• Traffic Signal Priority• Electronic Fare Collection/Fare Integration

Adapted fromTCRP Report 90 – Bus Rapid Transit – Volume 2: Implementation Guidelines 2003

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Component “High End” BRT – “Performance Side”

Quality of Service • High User Acceptance

Travel Time• Easily Accessible • Low waiting time• High commercial speed

Reliability• Low variability (intervals, speeds)• Low breakdowns, incidents

Comfort

• Acceptable Occupancy Levels (buses, platforms)• Good user information • Seamless integration with other transport modes• Perception of safety and security

Cost• Relative low capital and operational costs• High capital and operational productivity

Externalities

• Low level of accidents (fatalities, injuries)• Low emissions• Congestion relief (attraction of motor vehicle users)• Increased land values

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About 120 cities with BRT or busways26.8 million passengers per weekday

280 corridors4,335 km6,683 stations30,000 buses

Page 12: Status of the BRT Industry

New Cities with BRT/Bus Corridors 2010

Name Corridors Km Stations Buses Passengers/Weeday

Guangzhou BRT, China 1 22.5 26 800 800,000 Hefei BRT, China 2 12.7 14 65 65,250 Yancheng BRT, China 1 8.0 21 20 20,000 Zaozhuang BRT, China 1 33.0 24 20 20,000 Jaipur Bus, India 1 7.1 10 20 6,200 Trans Hulonthanlangi, Indonesia 3 90.0 84 15 1,920 Tans Musim, Indonesia 2 60.0 69 15 1,920 Batik Solo Trans, Indonesia 1 30.0 35 15 1,920 Bangkok BRT, Thailand 1 15.9 12 20 10,000 East London Transit, UK 1 20.0 40 18 9,000 Corredor de Ônibus de João Pessoa, Brasil 1 2.5 5 111 100,000

Transmetro, Barranquilla, Colombia 1 13.4 15 92 32,000 Metrolinea, Bucaramanga, Colombia 1 8.9 24 131 75,000 Mexibus, Estado Mexico, Mexico 1 16.0 32 63 63,000 Metropolitano, Lima, Perú 2 27.0 35 627 160,000 Züm, Bradford, Canada 1 28.5 17 15 7,500

Page 13: Status of the BRT Industry

Guahazhou BRT, China

•Opened February 10, 2010•22.5 km dedicated busway•26 stations (prepayment, level boarding – some buses, passing lane, up to six platforms)•Peak supply: 340 buses/hr/direction•40 routes (in and out the system, no transfers)•Peak demand: 26,900 passengers/hr/direction•Daily demand: 800,000 pax/per weekday

Photo by Benjamin

Source: http://www.chinabrt.org/en/cities/guangzhou.aspx#

Page 14: Status of the BRT Industry

Hefei BRT, China

• Operations started 18 Jan 2010

• 2 Corridors• 12.7 km busway (15 km total)

• 14 stations• Peak supply: 60 buses/hr

• Commerical Speed 16 km/h

• Fleet: 65 buses (estimated, conventional buses 12 m)

• Ridership: 65,250 pax/day (estimated)

Photo: Karl Fjlestrom, ITDPSource: http://www.chinabrt.org/en/cities/hefei.aspx#

Page 15: Status of the BRT Industry

Mexibús, Estado México, México

• Initial operation Nov 30, 2010

• 16 km exclusive busway (Ciudad Azteca-Tecamac)

• 21 stations• 3 terminals• 130,000 pax/day

(expected)• Proyected expansions

2011• 21 km (Lechería-Las

Américas)• 14 km (Chinalhucán-

Pantitlán)

Photo: http://transeunte.org/tag/mexibus/

Source: http://transporteinformativo.com/pasaje/inicia-operaciones-mexibus-con-63-autobuses-articulados-volvo

Page 16: Status of the BRT Industry

Jaipur Bus, Jaipur, India• Operations started 31 July 2010• Route reorganization• 10 routes• 352 line-km• 497 bus stops• 200 buses • 150,000 pax/day

•Busway • Length 7.1 km • 10 stations• 20 buses• 2,000 pax/day

• Busways plan 42 km

Photos: http://www.jaipurjda.org/page.aspx?pid=69Info: EMBARQ India and http://www.jaipurbus.com/route_map.html

Page 17: Status of the BRT Industry

Yancheng BRT, China

• Operations started May 1, 2010

• 1 corridor• 8 km dedicated busway (15 km total)

• 21 stations• 20 BRT buses (12 m)• 30 feeder buses• Estimated ridership 20,000 pax/day

Photos and Source: http://www.chinabrt.org/en/cities/yancheng.aspx#

Page 18: Status of the BRT Industry

Zaozhuang BRT, China

•Started Operations August 1, 2010 (Commercial operation September 1, 2010)

•1 Corridor, 33 km•24 stations•2 terminals•20 buses (estimated)•27 buses/hour•700 pax/hour/direction•20,000 pax/day•30 km/h commercial speed

Source: http://www.chinabrt.org/en/cities/zaozhuang.aspx#

Page 19: Status of the BRT Industry

Bangkok BRT, Thailand

• Free operations started May 15, 2010

• Commercial operations started September 1, 2010

• 15.9 km median busway (Sathorn-Ratchaphruek)

• 12 stations• 20 buses, conventional high floor, 1 wide door

• Peak ridership 1,000 pax/hr• Peak buses 14/hour• Daily ridership 10,000 pax/day

• Fare 10 baht (USD 0.33)

Photo and information source: http://www.tour-bangkok-legacies.com/bangkok-brt.htmlAdditional source: http://www.chinabrt.org/en/cities/bangkok.aspx#

Page 20: Status of the BRT Industry

East London Transit, UKFebruary 2010. Two Routes (EL1, EL2)

12 buses per hour

47 min trip time

Approximate 20 Km, 40 stops, About 18 buses, 9,000 pax/day

http://www.flickr.com/photos/wirewiping/4382063978/sizes/m/in/photostream/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_London_Transit

http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/2123.aspx

Page 21: Status of the BRT Industry

Corredor de Ônibus de João Pessoa, Brasil

•Started operations in 2010

•1 corridor•2.5 km•5 stations•111 buses•100,000 passengers per weekday

http://www.afonteenoticia.com.br/pagina.php?pg=3&id_noticia=1278

Page 22: Status of the BRT Industry

Transmetro, Barranquilla, Colombia

• Opened 10 July 2010• 13.4 km dedicated busway• 15 Stations (prepayment,

level boarding)• 1 intermediate station, • 1 terminal 32.7 km auxiliary

corridors (62 km planned)• Buses:

• 92 articulated (18m)• 85 large conventional (15m)• 107 conventional feeder (12m)

• Daily demand• 32,000 pax (305,000 expected

when fully implemented)

Photo via transmetro.gov.co

Sources: http://transmetro.gov.co/web2010/Ministry of Transport, Mass Transit Group, Oct 2010

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Metrolínea, Bucaramanga, Colombia

•Opened 21 December 2009•Commercial operation 22 January 2010•8.9 km trunk corridor•7.7 auxiliary corridors (25.2 km plan.)• 24 stations (level boarding, prepayment)•80.1 km feeder lines•Buses• 15 Articulated• 47 Large Conventional 15m

(203 plan.)• 69 Conventional feeder (150

plan.)

• Ridership: 75,000 pax/dayPhoto: http://www.metrolinea.gov.co/

Source: Ministry of Transport, Mass Transit Group, Oct 2010

Page 24: Status of the BRT Industry

Metropolitano, Lima, Peru

• Initial Operation, May 2010

• 27 km busways, 80% with overtaking at stations

• 35 stations, one large central underground station, two terminals

• 308 articulated buses• 319 feeder buses• 82,000 pax/day south

section (854,000 pax/day expected)

• 21 km/hour commercial speed

Photo: Protransporte, Lima, May 2010

Source: Menckhoff, G., Ochoa, C., Ardila, A. “El Metropolitano de Lima: Implementación y Primeros Resultados de un Nuevo Sistema BRT” CLATPU, Octubre 2010

Page 25: Status of the BRT Industry

Züm, Brampton, Ontario, Canada

•Operations Started September 20, 2010

•28.5 km busway•17 stations•25 buses, low floor, 25 m• Two additional corridors planned for 2011-2012

Sources: http://www.brampton.ca/en/residents/transit/zum/Pages/welcome.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCm

Photo: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brampton_Zum_1074b.JPG

Page 26: Status of the BRT Industry

Systems expansions 2010Name City Expansion (growth)

Transjakarta Jakarta, Indonesia +48 km (34%)

BRT Teheran Teheran, Iran +21km (31%)

Janmarg Ahmedabad, India +20 km (105%)

Select Bus New York City +14 km (121%)

Xiamen BRT Xiamen, China +11 km (28%)

Hangzhou BRT Hangzhou, China +6 km (46%)

Optibús León, México +5 km (19%)

125 km 3% increase over existing km in 2009

Page 27: Status of the BRT Industry

Region Country 49 Cities with BRT/Bus Corridors under Construction Dec 2010

Africa(3)

Ghana (1) Accra (Ghana),

South Africa (2) Cape Town, Nelson Mandela Bay

Asia(12)

India (6) Surat, Indore, Bhopal, Vishakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Rajkot

Jordan (1) Amman

Korea, Republic (1) Changwon

Turkey (1) Kocaeli (Izmit)

Europe(23)

France (20) Annenasse, Antibes-Sophia Antipolis, Cannes, La Rochelle, Lille, Lyon, Metz, Nancy, Nice, Nimes, Perpignan, Rennes, Saint-Brieuc, Saint-Etienne, Saint-Nazaire, Saint-Pierre-de la-Reunion, Sait-Paul-de-la-Reunion, Toulouse, Tours, Valenciennes

Italy (1) Bologna,

UK (2) Cambridge, Leigh-Salford-Manchester

Latin America and the Caribbean(10)

Argentina (1) Buenos Aires

Colombia (3) Cartagena, Medellín, Soacha

México (1) Monterrey

Panamá (1) Panamá City

Paraguay (1) Asunción

Perú (1) Arequipa

Puerto Rico (1) San Juan

Venezuela (1) Barquisimeto

USA and Canada (9)

USA (9) Albany (NY), Austin (TX), Berkeley (CA), Fort Collins (CO), Grand Rapids (MI), Roaring Forks Valley (CO), San Bernardino (CA), San Francisco (CA), Seattle (WA)

Page 28: Status of the BRT Industry

Region Country 16 Cities with BRT/Bus Corridors under Expansion December 2010

Africa (1) South Africa (1) Johannesburg

Asia(4)

India (3) Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Pune

Iran (1) Teheran

Latin America and the Caribbean(10)

Brasil (5) Belo Horizonte, Curitiba, Porto Alegre, Recife, Salvador

Colombia (2) Bogotá, Cali

Guatemala (1) Guatemala City

México (2) León, México City

USA and Canada (1)

USA (1) New York City (NY)

Page 29: Status of the BRT Industry

Region Country 31 Cities Planning BRT/Bus Corridors December 2010

Africa (11)

Ethiopia (1) Addis Abeba

Kenia (1) Nairobi

South Africa (7) Tshwane (Pretoria), Bloemfontein, Durban (eThekwini), East London, Ekurhuleni, Polokwane, Rustemburg

Tanzania (1) Dar es Salaam

Uganda (1) Kampala

Asia(4)

China (5) Shanghai, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Wuxi, Xi'an

Mongolia (1) Ulan Bator

Europe (2) UK (2) Bath-Sommerset, Glasgow

Latin America and the Caribbean(12)

Brasil (3) Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro, Uberlandia

Colombia (1) Cúcuta

Ecuador (1) Cuenca

El Salvador (1) San Salvador

México (6) Chihuahua, Chimalhuacan, Guadalajara, Mexicali, Oaxaca, Tijuana

Oceania Australia Brisbane (expansion)

USA and Canada (2)

USA (2) Chicago, IL; Santa Clara, CA

Page 30: Status of the BRT Industry

Latin American Association Agencies in

control of BRT and Integrated Bus Systems –

ALASIBRT

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Filename/RPS Number

What Went Wrong• Rushed implementation – several components

incomplete

• Very tight financial planning – non technical user fares, some systems at risk

• Very high occupancy levels (160 pax/bus standard for articulated buses is not accepted by the users)

• Early deterioriation of infrastructure (lack of road surface reinforcement or problems in design/construction)

• Implementation of fare collection systems requires longer time tables and very tight supervision

• Insufficient user education

Common problems

Page 33: Status of the BRT Industry

Information needs on the BRT Industry Stakeholder maps

Government Agencies

Operators

Bus providers

Technology providers

User associations

NGOs

Academia

Market size and projections BRT and bus corridor atlas (cities, km, stations, buses, types of interventions, fare revenues, subsidies, capital and operation, issues)

Comparative analysis, projections

Page 34: Status of the BRT Industry

Outstanding issues

What is BRT or types of BRT

Comparisson with alternatives

Case studies – technical, institutional, financial, regulatory

Collaborations – agencies, providers, NGOs, academic institutions

Page 35: Status of the BRT Industry

¡Muchas Gracias!


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