Introduction
• Definition• History• Properties• Types of stem cells• Sources of stem cells for transplant• Types of stem cell transplant
DEFINITION
• Stem cell▫ A class of undifferentiated cells that are able to
differentiate into specialized cell types.
• Stem cell transplant▫ A method of replacing immature blood-forming cells in
the bone marrow that have been destroyed by drugs, radiation, or disease. Stem cells are injected into the patient and make healthy blood cells.
Louise Joy Brown
• Born on 25th July 1978.
• Best known as the world's first “test-tube baby” (IVF)
• Developed by Dr. Robert Edwards & Dr. Patrick Steptoe.
In July 2008, British physiologist Robert Edwards, left, attends the 30th anniversary of the world's first "test tube" fertilization baby, Louise Joy Brown, right, shown holding her son, Cameron. Next to her is her mother, Lesley Brown. Edwards, who developed test tube fertilization, has received the 2010 Nobel Prize in medicine
Sheila Majid stored her daughter umbilical cord blood stem cells in a
local private stem cell bank.
“sel darah tali pusat itu banyak kegunaannya & boleh digunakan ahli keluarga yang lain. Sekarang timbul pelbagai penyakit seperti kanser &
sebagainya yang dapat diubati menggunakan sel darah tali pusat”- sheila majid,Berita Harian,March
2007.
1) Long-term self-renewal• Capable of dividing & renewing themselves for long period.
• numerous cycle of cell division.
• maintaining the undifferentiated state (unspecialized).
• Two important mechanism:preventing differentiationpromoting cell division
2) Unspecialized
• Does not have any tissue-specific structures that allow it to perform specialized functions.
• Can give rise to specialized cells.
3)Give rise to specialized cells
• Differentiation
• Signals that trigger each stem of differentiation process:▫ Internal:
controlled by cell’s genes. carry coded instructions for all
cellular structures & functions.
▫ External: chemicals secreted by other cells. physical contact with neighboring
cells and certain molecules in microenvironment.
Adult stem cells
• Also called somatic stem cells.
• Tissue-specific in their location.
• Important for growth, healing, and replacing cells that are lost through daily wear and tear.
similarities and differences between embryonic and adult stem cells
Embryonic stem cells Adult stem cells
Inner cell mass of blastocyst Various tissues in adult
Pluripotent multipotent
Easy grown in culture Difficult to isolate & maintain in culture
cell-based regenerative therapies.
Source of Stem Cell
Bone Marrow Peripheral Blood
Cord Blood
Stem cell and precursor cell content
Adequate Good Low
Engraftment Fast Fastest Slowest
HLA matching Require close matching
Require close matching
Less restrictive
Risk of acute GVHD
High High Lowest
Risk of chronic GVHD
High Highest Lowest