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Steven A. Garfinkel
Education
Ph.D. 1992, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Health Policy and
Administration
M.P.H. 1972, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Health
Administration
B.A. 1971, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Political
Science
Honors and Awards
U.S. Public Health Service Traineeship, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
1971-72
Adjunct Professor, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Public Health,
Department of Health Policy and Administration, 2010 - Present
Research Fellow, The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2015 – Present
Occasional reviewer for Health Affairs, Medical Care, Milbank Quarterly, The
Gerontologist, Health Economics (UK), Health Services Research, the Retirement
Research Foundation, and the Small Grant Program of the Agency for Health Care Policy
and Research
Member, Editorial Board, Medical Care Research and Review, 1998–Present
Chair of Institutional Review Board #3, Research Triangle Institute, 1996–2001
Member, Institutional Review Board, American Institutes for Research, 2001–2014
Member, Biomedical Institutional Review Board C, School of Medicine, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2002–2013
Present Position
Institute Fellow and Director of the Office of Scientific Quality and Innovation,
American Institutes for Research (AIR) (2001–Present)
Dr. Garfinkel has 43 years of experience in health services research, with a particular
focus on health insurance, including Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial insurance;
health care outcomes and quality of care; and health care organization. Since 1973, he has
worked on more than 55 distinct contracts, grants, and cooperative agreements, including
15 demonstration evaluations funded by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services
and many CAHPS survey development projects, as project director (PD), principal
investigator (PI), major task leader, or co-investigator. He was PI for AHRQ’s CAHPS I
and CAHPS II cooperative agreements and PD for the AHRQ-funded project to Develop
a CAHPS Survey for Cancer Care. Until his appointment to AIR’s Office of Scientific
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Quality and Innovation in 2016, he directed the $30 million CMS-funded project to
develop the CAHPS surveys for the Health Insurance Marketplaces and Qualified Health
Plans created by the Affordable Care Act. He continues as PI for the Model Systems
Knowledge Translation Center for Traumatic Brain Injury, Spinal Cord Injury, and Burn
Injury, funded by the National Institute for Disability, Independent Living, and
Rehabilitation Research and the PCORI Translation Center. As director of OSQI, he is
responsible for assuring that AIR produces high-quality work and deliverables,
identifying emerging methodological trends, and assuring that AIR staff develop
expertise and reputation in those methods and use them appropriately in proposals and
projects.
Professional Experience
Principal Investigator, Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute Translation
Center (2017-Present)
The PCORI TC helps PCORI meet its statutory obligation to make the results of PCORI-
funded research available in comprehensible, usable form to the general public and health
care providers. The project produces research summaries and abstracts for all PCORI-
funded projects in plain, audience-appropriate English and for selected PCORI projects in
Spanish. High-value results are selected by PCORI for dissemination by the Translation
Center.
Project Director, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), Center for
Clinical Standards and Quality (CCSQ), Development of an Enrollee Satisfaction
Survey For Use In The Exchange Marketplace, AIR (2012–2016)
This is a 5-year, $30 million study to design the standard patient experience of care
surveys to be used by CMS to assess and report on the performance of the Health
Insurance Marketplaces and Qualified Health Plans authorized by the Patient Protection
and Affordable Care Act. The project includes the design and field testing of the survey
instruments and operations, development of a nationwide network of survey vendors and
a system for certification and monitoring, conducting a nationwide beta test of the data
collection and reporting system, developing a structure for reporting the measures to the
public, the Marketplaces, and the QHPs, and implementing the first and second publically
reported surveys in 2016 and 2017.
Principal Investigator, National Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research
(NIDRR), Model Systems Knowledge Translation Center, AIR (2011–Present)
The MSKTC serves as the knowledge translation center for NIDRR’s three Model
Systems clinical research networks: Spinal Cord Injury, Traumatic Burn Injury, and Burn
Injury. The MSKTC helps the research centers and data centers funded under the Model
Systems programs conduct systematic reviews of the literature; synthesize and translate
their findings for multiple audiences; and develop standard methods and templates for
knowledge synthesis and translation.
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Project Director, AHRQ, Developing the CAHPS Survey for Cancer Care, AIR
(2009–2012)
The CAHPS® Cancer Care Survey, a task order under AHRQ’s ACTION task order
contract, represents a significant innovation in CAHPS surveys, because it is the first to
assess care for a specific kind of illness. AIR and its partner, Mayo Clinic, are developing
this survey using the standard CAHPS design principles and development process, to
provide a holistic view of patient-centered care for research and, possibly, for clinical
management of complex chronic conditions.
Advisor, California HealthCare Foundation (CHCF), The Business Case for Cancer
CAHPS and Test the Cancer CAHPS Survey in Community Oncology Practices in
California (2013–Present)
This project produced an assessment of the business case based on stakeholder interviews
and is revising and testing the Cancer CAHPS survey in community oncology practices
in California to supplement the initial AHRQ- and NCI-sponsored psychometric test in
hospital-based cancer centers.
Advisor, National Patient Advocate Foundation, Consumer-Based Cancer Care
Value Index Project (2012–Present)
The CCCVI identifies the comparative value that patients place on various aspects of their cancer care and provides feedback to their cancer care providers about how well they are performing in the areas that are most important to the respondent. It also provides feedback on patient outcomes. The project includes formative research, a pilot test of the survey instrument, instrument revisions, and a national field survey of the
final instrument.
Advisor, CMS and Truven, Development of the Experience of Care Survey for
Persons Receiving Home and Community-Based Services through Medicaid (2010–
Present)
AIR subcontracts to Truven for the development of a patient experience of care survey to
assess the quality of care delivered by home and community-based services programs to
across the range of disabilities.
Project Director, AHRQ, Standardizing Antibiotic Use in Long-Term Care Settings
(SAUL) (2009–2012)
Inappropriate and excessive use of antibiotics in nursing homes is a significant problem,
because it consumes unnecessary resources and contributes to the growing incidence of
infection caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria, such as MRSA and clostridium difficile.
The SAUL project, a task order under AHRQ’s ACTION task order contract, is
designing, implementing, and evaluating a nursing home intervention to increase
adherence to the Loeb Criteria, the standard guideline for antibiotic use in nursing homes,
by improving record-keeping and communication between the nursing home staff and the
resident’s attending physician. The study includes a usability test in four nursing homes,
a small-scale pilot study in four nursing homes, and a full-scale field test in 12 nursing
homes in Texas.
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AIR Subgrant Project Director and Co-investigator, AHRQ, Managing Clostridium
difficile in Nursing Homes and Hospitals, AIR (2010–2012)
Working with the Texas A & M University School of Rural Public Health and the TMF
Health Quality Institute, AIR helped to develop a clinical guideline and communication
tool to manage and decrease Clostridium difficile infection rates during transitions
between nursing homes and acute inpatient hospitals. Led the acquisition and analysis of
CMS Nursing Home Minimum Data Set (MDS) files to determine the national incidence
of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in nursing homes and the frequencies with
which they are present at admission or acquired in the nursing home.
Advisor, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Development and
Evaluation of the Guide to Nursing Home Antimicrobial Stewardship, AIR
(2013–Present) This is a 3-year, $1.9 million study to design and evaluate a Guide for nursing home staff
and attending clinicians to help them optimize antimicrobial stewardship and reduce the
incidence of multidrug-resistant health care associated infections in nursing homes. The
Guide offers two communication tools and two antibiogram tools that can be used by
nursing home staff and clinicians. The four tools were developed under contract to
AHRQ and include the SAUL communication tools developed by AIR.
Evaluation Director, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ),
Community Forum, AIR (2010–2013)
Community Forum was an effort of AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program intended to
obtain input from the public on the use of evidence for health care research, practice, and
policy through the use of public deliberation methods; determine the most effective and
cost-effective approaches to using public deliberation for this purpose; and manage
AHRQ’s stakeholder panel. The evaluation used a randomized controlled experiment to
test the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and acceptability of four alternative methods of
public deliberation. It used a complex, creative randomization process to address
scheduling and selection bias problems inherent in recruiting individuals for a group-
level intervention.
Co-Investigator, Keys for Networking, No Place Like Home, AIR (2009–2011)
AIR collaborated with Keys for Networking on a successful grant proposal for a
Children’s Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act (CHIPRA) of 2009, Outreach
and Enrollment Grant from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. No
Place Like Home is a program designed to increase enrollment in Medicaid or CHIP
among children exiting foster care and incarceration in Kansas. Responsible for the
evaluation, design and conduct of the evaluation.
Principal Investigator, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Evaluation of the
Maryland Quality-Based Reimbursement System, AIR (2008–2012)
Maryland is the only State in the Nation with the authority, through a Medicare waiver, to
regulate reimbursement for all inpatient stays (all patients, all hospitals, and all payers) in
non-Federal acute care hospitals. Maryland began implementing a quality-based
reimbursement system (sometimes called value-based purchasing or
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pay-for-performance) in all acute care hospitals in July 2009. This project evaluated the
impact of two value-based reimbursement programs—Quality-Based Reimbursement
(QBR) and Maryland Hospital Acquired Conditions (MHAC)—on quality of care, cost of
care, and health care disparities using data from the Maryland Health Services Cost
Reimbursement Commission, the Maryland Health Care Commission, and CMS.
Co-Investigator, AHRQ, Reducing Waste and Inefficiency through Process
Redesign, AIR (2008–2012)
This project will further assess and disseminate promising techniques and methodologies
for redesigning healthcare processes to reduce waste and enhance efficiency, by
investigating the contribution of Lean/Toyota Production Systems (TPS) to reducing
waste in health care delivery systems. The project will conduct 8 case studies of
Lean/TPS implementation in health care delivery systems at the Mayo Clinic.
Responsible for developing the business case for Lean/TPS adoption in health care based
on the case studies and environmental scan.
Project Director, CMS, Part D Consumer Research, AIR (2007–2010)
Led a study of Medicare Part D nonenrollees without creditable coverage to identify their
personal characteristics, reasons for not enrolling in Part D, reasons for not seeking
financial assistance for Part D through the low-income supplement (LIS), and knowledge,
attitudes, and behavior with respect to Medicare, Part D, financial assistance, and
prescription drug purchasing in order to assist CMS in developing effective methods to
encourage Part D enrollment among these beneficiaries. We conducted a national
probability survey of the nonenrolled population and three analytic tasks. First, we
analyzed the survey data to describe the population of Part D nonenrollees in detail. This
included extensive cross-tabulations and regression analysis to understand the drivers of
knowledge and behavior. It also included segmentation analysis in which we identified
three major segments that accounted for about half the population of Part D nonenrollees.
Second, we developed a methodology for linking the individual-level survey data to
geographic- and segment-based PRIZM data. PRIZM is a commercial database
developed from the Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, which describes
segments in the entire US population. Many of these segments are similar to the Part D
nonenrollee population and provide many additional variables, which we used in further
analysis of the Part D nonenrollee population. Third, we conducted in-depth interviews
with primary care physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, office managers,
and pharmacists to determine if and how primary care providers could be engaged as
information intermediaries about Part D for their eligible patients who are not enrolled.
Advisor, CMS, Evaluation of Second Phase of Oncology Demonstration Program,
AIR (2006–2010)
Advised L&M Policy Research on various aspects of the evaluation, including the survey
of oncologists participating in the 2006 Second Phase Oncology Demonstration Program,
which reimburses oncologists for the use of G-codes when submitting claims.
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Co-Principal Investigator and AIR Project Director, AHRQ and Washington Rural
Healthcare Quality Network (RHQN), a Rural HIT Cooperative to Promote Clinical
Improvement, AIR (2004–2008)
Responsible for the design and evaluation of a health information technology (HIT)
intervention in 13 rural Washington critical access hospitals. The HIT intervention
included education and training opportunities, shared performance data, and interactive
communications among the clinical staff members using a shared computer network. Led
the evaluation of the intervention, using a quasi-experimental, partial crossover design, in
which six eastern Washington hospitals exposed to the intervention were compared with
six western hospitals that were unexposed for the first year and exposed for the second
year of the study. Data collection included qualitative interviews and focus groups with
clinical staff; knowledge, behavior, attitudes, and culture surveys of clinical staff;
analysis of clinical performance measures; and tracking of computer network usage by
clinical staff.
Principal Investigator, AHRQ and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
(CMS), Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS II),
AIR (2002–2008)
Responsibilities included overall project management, management of relationships with
the sponsor, subcontractors, and other cooperative agreement holders, development of
instruments, design of field tests (especially for the CAHPS Hospital, Nursing Home
Family, and Home Health Care Surveys), design of CAHPS reports, and research design,
data collection, and analysis for evaluation of private and public reporting
demonstrations.
Co-Investigator, Pharmacy Quality Alliance (PQA), Development of a Consumer
Assessment of Pharmacist/Pharmacy Services, AIR (2007–2008)
Responsible for the design of experimental comparisons within the field test, advice to
project staff on all aspects of the project, and quality control. This project will develop an
instrument and survey methodology for a standardized survey to assess the performance
of pharmacies from the patient’s perspective. The instrument and methods will be
submitted to the CAHPS Consortium for acceptance as a CAHPS survey product.
Senior Advisor, TRICARE Management Activity, The Dental CAHPS Pilot Survey
Project, AIR (2004–2006)
Provide technical advice for the study to develop a CAHPS instrument to assess the
performance of dental insurance plans, including literature review and focus groups to
identify the domains of importance, drafting and cognitive testing of items, a field test
with a sample of 4,200 beneficiaries, investigation of reporting options, and obtaining
adoption of the instrument as an official CAHPS product.
Research Leader, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Making the
Health and Business Case to Purchasers of Health Plans To Buy Prevention Related
Benefits for Cardiovascular Health, AIR (2002–2005)
Design and analyze the literature review and key informant interviews needed to build
the case and develop messages for the toolkit to be used in persuading purchasers to buy
cardiovascular health promotion benefits.
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Principal Investigator, CMS (HCFA) and CNAC, Improving Nursing Home
Enforcement, AIR (2001–2005)
Analyze CMS’ Enforcement Tracking System database and design, and supervise case
studies of State agency and IDR practices.
Co-Principal Investigator, SAMHSA, Medicaid Support for Community-Based
Health Services, AIR (2001–2006)
Supervise project and review papers to assure accuracy and technical quality.
Co-investigator, CMS (HCFA) and CNAC, Integrated Chronic Disease Quality
Performance Measurement at the Physician Level, AIR (2001–2003)
Reviewed products for quality control and provide advice on design.
Advisor, CMS, Evaluation of the BadgerCare Medicaid Demonstration, RTI (2000–
2001)
Advised the research team and project officer on the evaluation design and data
collection methods for the evaluation of the BadgerCare demonstration, Wisconsin’s
Section 1115 waiver to expand Medicaid coverage to low income persons and integrate
Medicaid and employer-sponsored coverage.
Project Director, HCFA, Analysis of Medicare Beneficiary Baseline Knowledge
Data Using Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, RTI (1999–2001)
Developed a beneficiary knowledge index from MCBS questions.
Project Director, HCFA, Nationwide Evaluation of Medicare & You 2000, RTI
(1999–2000)
Responsible for project management, design of the study and survey, survey data
analysis, and preparation of reports and articles.
Task Leader, HCFA, Analysis of Access and Quality Issues, Evaluation of
Competitive Bidding Demonstration for DME and POS, RTI (1998–1999)
Responsible for analysis of case study and Medicare beneficiary survey data to assess the
impact on Medicare beneficiaries of the demonstration of competitive bidding for HCFA
contracts for durable medical equipment, medical devices, and supplies in Polk County,
Florida.
Principal Investigator and Evaluation Director, AHRQ and HCFA, Consumer
Assessment of Health Plans Study, RTI (1995–2001)
As Director of Evaluation, led evaluations of CAHPS information among Medicare,
Medicaid, and privately insured beneficiaries using qualitative and quantitative methods.
For Medicare beneficiaries in Kansas City, the evaluation also included the 1999
Medicare & You handbook.
Co-Investigator and Subcontract Director, HCFA and Health Economics Research
(HER), Evaluation of the Oregon Medicaid Reform Demonstration, RTI
(1994–2000)
Managed primary data collection activities, including focus groups and surveys of OHP
Phase I and II beneficiaries (Medicaid TANF, SSI, and expansion eligibility), uninsured
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and privately insured persons, persons with selected chronic conditions, persons with
physical and mental disabilities, rehabilitation agencies, and physicians. Analyzed
eligibility and enrollment effects and the impact of the demonstration on employers, the
private insurance industry, and providers of service to persons receiving Supplemental
Security Income.
Co-Investigator and Subcontract Director, HCFA and HER, Evaluation of the
Group Volume Performance Standards Demonstration, RTI (1995–1996)
Developed a quasi-experimental evaluation design to study the impact of this pay-for-
performance reimbursement mechanism on medical groups and Medicare beneficiaries.
Co-Investigator and Subcontract Director, HCFA and HER, Evaluation of the
Demonstration of Medicaid Extension of Eligibility to Certain Low-Income Families
Not Otherwise Qualified to Receive Medicaid Benefits, RTI (1992–1996)
Conducted site visits and prepared case study analyses, and designed and conducted
surveys of individuals and employers. Prepared analysis of employer and insurance
industry issues.
Principal Investigator, HCFA, Information Needs for Consumer Choice, RTI
(1994–1998)
Responsible for overall project supervision, case studies, design of reports, and analysis
of the cost and benefits trade-offs among Medicare HMOs and Medigap plans.
Project Director, HCFA, Evaluation of the Medicare SELECT Amendments, RTI
(1993–1996)
Responsible for conducting and supervising case studies of the 15 demonstration states
(insurance departments and participating insurers), surveys of insurers and Medicare
beneficiaries, and analysis of Medicare claims data to assess the impact of the program
on access, satisfaction, beneficiary premiums, and the use and cost of services.
Co-Investigator and Subcontract Director, HCFA and Benova, Beneficiary
Information, Education, and Marketing Strategies, RTI (1996–1997)
Consulted on the initial design of public information and enrollment materials for the
Competitive Pricing Demonstration for Medicare managed care plans.
Co-Investigator, AHRQ, Costs and Characteristics of Employment-Based Health
Insurance, RTI (1993–1995)
Analyzed the nationwide employer data set from HCFA’s Survey of Private Health
Insurance Plans, data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and other publicly available
data to study the relationships among employer characteristics, characteristics of their
health benefits plans, and other benefits, such as employee assistance programs. Prepared
manuscripts for peer-reviewed publication.
Senior Policy Analyst, Foster Higgins, Health Benefits Survey, RTI (1993–1995)
This national survey served as one of the principal sources of data on trends in enrollment
and spending for employee health benefits, the main source of health insurance in the
United States. Responsible for analytic policy issues.
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Co-Investigator, HCFA, State Health Care Reform Initiatives and Medicaid 1115
Waivers, RTI (1993–1995)
Responsibilities included case study data collection and analysis.
Co-Investigator and Subcontract Director, HCFA and HER, Evaluation of
Information, Counseling, and Assistance Programs, RTI (1993–1994)
As subcontractor to HER, monitored and examined the cost-effectiveness and future
efficacy of state programs that use Federal grant funds to deliver information, counseling,
and assistance to Medicare beneficiaries about procuring adequate and appropriate health
insurance coverage. Methods included case study analysis and an inventory of all 52
State and territorial programs.
Co-Investigator, HCFA, Evaluation of Medicaid Managed Care Programs with
1915(b) Waivers, RTI (1992–1996)
Responsible for evaluation design, including the acquisition of claims data to compare
1915(b) waiver program enrollees with fee-for-service Medicaid beneficiaries.
Project Director, HCFA, Survey of Private Health Insurance Plans, RTI
(1988–1991)
Responsible for designing the instruments and supervising data collection, data cleaning,
and analysis.
Analysis Task Leader, BCBS Federal Employees Program, Product Development
Survey, RTI (1986–1987)
Participated in the design of a factorial survey, experimental study and led the descriptive
and conjoint analysis of data to identify beneficiary preferences for product line features.
Co-Investigator, HCFA, Evaluation of the Nationwide Medicaid Competition
Demonstrations, RTI (1983–1988)
Contributed to the development of the beneficiary survey for the first major national
evaluation of the use of capitation and competition to delivery Medicaid services.
Primary responsibility for the financial analysis of the causes for the bankruptcy of a
failed demonstration site.
Analysis Task Leader, HCFA, National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure
Survey (NMCUES) Analysis Project, RTI (1981–1985)
Designed and conducted a set of studies comparing Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries
with private insurance beneficiaries and uninsured persons, using data from the
NMCUES.
Project Analyst, HCFA, Medicare Capitation Demonstration Evaluation, RTI
(1980–1984)
Responsible for the design of the beneficiary survey instruments and the analysis of
survey data to identify factors in the decision of Medicare beneficiaries to enroll in
HCFA’s first demonstration of capitation payment for Medicare services. Developed
questionnaires and prepared an article on beneficiary enrollment choice.
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Employment History
2001–Present Institute Fellow, Health Policy and Research Group, Health & Social
Development Program, American Institutes for Research
1973–2001 Director, Center for Health Services, Economics and Policy Research,
Research Triangle Institute
1972–1973 Health Planner, Atlanta University Center Health Services Project
Professional Affiliations
AcademyHealth
Publications
Garfinkel, Steven, Ying Wang, Yi Lu, Marilyn Moon, Brenna Raines, Christian Evensen (2017).
Linking Reimbursement to Performance in Acute Care Hospitals: Lessons from
Maryland’s Implementation Experience. Journal of Health Care Finance, Winter 2017.
Nathan T Coffey, James Cassese, Xinsheng Cai, Steven Garfinkel, Drasti Patel, Rebecca Jones,
Dahlia Shaewitz, Ali A Weinstein (2017). Identifying and Understanding the Health
Information Experiences and Preferences of Caregivers of Individuals with Either
Traumatic Brain Injury, Spinal Cord Injury, or Burn Injury: A Qualitative Investigation.
Journal of Medical Internet Research;19(5):e159, doi:10.2196/jmir.7027.
Gerber, LH, Andrew Nava, Steven Garfinkel, Divya Goel, Ali A. Weinstein, Cindy Cai (2016).
Commentary: A need for an augmented review when reviewing rehabilitation research.
Disability and Health Journal 9 (2016) 559e566.
McMaughan, Darcy K., Obioma Nwaiwu, Hongwei Zhao , Elizabeth Frentzel, David Mehr, Sara
Imanpour, Steven Garfinkel, Charles D. Phillips (2016). Impact of a decision-making aid
for suspected urinary tract infections on antibiotic overuse in nursing homes. BMC
Geriatrics (December).
Harrison, Michael I., Kathryn Paez, Kristin L Carman, Jennifer Stephens, Lauren Smeeding,
Kelly J Devers, Steven Garfinkel (2016). Effects of Organizational Context on Lean
Implementation in Five Hospital Systems, Health Care Management Review (Jan-Mar).
Carman, Kristin L., Coretta Mallery, Maureen Maurer, Grace Wang, Steve Garfinkel, Manshu
Yang, Dierdre Gilmore, Amy Windham, Marjorie Ginsburg, Shoshanna Sofaer, Marthe
Gold, Ela Pathak-Sen, Todd Davies, Joanna Siegel, Rikki Mangrum, Jessica Fernandez,
Jennifer Richmond, James Fishkin, Alice Siu Chao (2015). Effectiveness of public
deliberation methods for gathering input on issues in healthcare: Results from a
randomized trial. Social Science & Medicine Vol. 133, pp. 11-20.
Kahvecioglu, Daver, Kalpana Ramiah, Darcy McMaughan, Steven Garfinkel, Veronica E.
McSorley, Quy Nhi Nguyen, Manshu Yang, Christopher Pugliese, David Mehr, Charles
D. Phillips (2014). Multidrug-Resistant Organism Infections in US Nursing Homes: A
National Study of Prevalence, Onset, and Transmission across Care Settings, October 1,
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2010–December 31, 2011(pp. S48-S55) Stable URL:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/677835
Evensen C, Keller S, Neeraj Arora, Steven Garfinkel, Kathleen Yost, Elizabeth Frentzel (2013).
Measuring cancer care quality: psychometric properties of an instrument for assessing
patient experience with cancer care. Quality of Life Research, 22: 26 (September).
Frentzel E, Evensen C, Sangl J, Cosenza C, Brown J, Keller S, Garfinkel, S (2012). Giving voice
to the vulnerable: The development of a CAHPS nursing home survey measuring family
members' experiences. Medical Care. Vol. 50 Suppl:S20-7.
Garfinkel, S (2012). Making Health Care Lean. Hospitals & Health Networks Daily, July 5. (not
peer-reviewed)
Levine R, Shore K, Lubalin J, Garfinkel S, Hurtado M, Carman K (2012). Comparing physician
and patient perceptions of quality in ambulatory care. Int J Qual Health Care. 24(4): 348-
356 first published online May 22, 2012 doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzs023.
Goldstein, E., M. Farquhar, C. Crofton, C. Darby, S. Garfinkel (2005). Measuring Hospital Care
from the Patients’ Perspective: An Overview of the CAHPS® Hospital Survey
Development Process. Health Services Research, Vol. 40, No. 6, Part II, pp. 1977–1995.
McCormack, L. A., S. A. Garfinkel, J. H. Hibbard, S. Keller, K. E. Kilpatrick, B. Kosiak (2002).
Health Insurance Knowledge among Medicare Beneficiaries. Health Services Research,
Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 43–63.
McCormack, L. A., W. Anderson, J. Uhrig,, S. A. Garfinkel, S. Sofaer, S. Terrell (2001). Health
Plan Decision-Making in the Medicare Population: Results from a National Randomized
Experiment. Health Services Research, Vol. 36, No. 6, Part II, pp. 133–149.
McCormack, L. A., S. A. Garfinkel, J. H. Hibbard, K. E. Kilpatrick, and W. D. Kalsbeek.
Beneficiary Survey-Based Feedback on New Medicare Informational Materials. Health
Care Financing Review, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 37–46.
Bender, R. H. and S. A. Garfinkel (2001). Differences in the structure of CAHPS® Measures
among the Medicare Fee-for-service, Medicare Managed Care, and Privately Insured
Populations. Health Services Research, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 489–508.
Harris-Kojetin, L. D., L. A. McCormack, E. F. Jael, J. A. Sangl, and S. A. Garfinkel (2001).
Creating More Effective Consumer Health Plan Reports: Lessons from a Synthesis of
Qualitative Testing. Health Services Research, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 447–476.
McCormack, L. A., S. A. Garfinkel, J. H. Hibbard, S. D. Keller, K. E. Kilpatrick, and B. Kosiak.
(2002). Health Insurance Knowledge among Medicare Beneficiaries. Health Services
Research, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 41–61.
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McCormack, L. A., S. A. Garfinkel, J. H. Hibbard, E. C. Norton, and U. J. Bayen (2001). Health
Plan Decision-Making with New Medicare Informational Materials. Health Services
Research, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 531–554.
Hibbard, J. H., L. Harris-Kojetin, P. Mullin, J. Lubalin, and S. Garfinkel. (2000). Increasing the
Impact of Health Plan Report Cards by Addressing Consumers’ Concerns. Health Affairs,
Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 138–143.
Norton, E. C., S. A. Garfinkel, L. J. McQuay, D. A. Heck, J. G. Wright, R. Dittus, and R. M.
Lubitz (1998). The Effect of Hospital Volume on the In-hospital Complication Rate in
Knee Replacement Patients. Health Services Research, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 1191–1210.
Lee, A. J., S. A. Garfinkel, R. Khandker, and E. C. Norton (1997). The Impact of Medicare
SELECT on Cost and Utilization in Eleven States. Health Care Financing Review,
Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 19–40.
McCormack, L. A., S. A. Garfinkel, J. A. Schnaier, A. J. Lee, and J. A. Sangl (1996). Consumer
Information Development and Use. Health Care Financing Review, Vol. 18, No. 1,
pp. 15–30.
McCormack, L. A., J. A. Schnaier, A. J. Lee, and S. A. Garfinkel (1996). Medicare Beneficiary
Counseling Programs: What Are They and Do They Work? Health Care Financing
Review, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 127–140.
Garfinkel, S. A. (1995). Self-Insuring Employee Health Benefits. Medical Care Research and
Review, Vol. 52, pp. 475–491.
Zarkin, G. A., S. A. Garfinkel, F. P. Potter, and J. J. McNeill (1995). Employment-Based Health
Insurance Data: Implications of the Sampling Unit for Policy Analysis. Inquiry, Vol. 32,
pp. 310–319.
Zarkin, G. A. and S. A. Garfinkel (1994). The Relationship between Employer Health Insurance
Characteristics and the Provision of Employee Assistance Programs. Inquiry, Vol. 31,
pp. 102–114.
Garfinkel, S. A., G. F. Riley, and V. G. Iannacchione (1988). High Cost Users of Medical Care.
Health Care Financing Review, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 41–52.
Garfinkel, S. A., A. J. Bonito, and K. R. McLeroy (1987). Socioeconomic Factors and Medicare
Supplemental Health Insurance. Health Care Financing Review, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 21–30.
Reprinted in Source Book on Post Retirement Health Care Benefits, Paul, R.D. (Ed.),
Greensward, NY: Panel Publishers, Greensward, NY, 1988, pp. 63–80.
Garfinkel, S. A., W. E. Schlenger, K. R. McLeroy, F. A. Bryan, B. J. G. York, G. H. Dunteman,
and A. S. Friedlob (1986). Choice of Payment Plan in the Medicare Capitation
Demonstration. Medical Care, Vol. 24, pp. 628–640.
13
Selected Professional Presentations
Garfinkel, S., et al. Results from Development of a Patient Experience Survey for Cancer Care.
Presentation at the 2012 AHRQ Annual Conference, Bethesda, Maryland, September 10,
2012.
Garfinkel et al. Effects of a Communication Form to Improve Antibiotic Stewardship in Nursing
Homes. Presentation at the 2012 AHRQ Annual Conference, Bethesda, MD, September
10, 2012.
Garfinkel, S., C. Evensen, M. Hurtado, M. Maurer, G. Castillo, D. Ganachari, J. Pitman, J. Huck,
and L. Thomas. On-Line Communities to Improve Guidelines Adherence. Presentation at
the AHIMA Conference “Setting a Quality Improvement Research Agenda to Leverage
HIT/HIM Implementation in Rural America” Alexandria, VA, April 22, 2010.
Garfinkel, S., C. Evensen, M. Hurtado, M. Maurer, G. Castillo, D. Ganachari, J. Pitman, J. Huck
(2008, March 18). Evaluation of the Health IT Application for AMI and Pneumonia.
Presentation at the AMI & CAP Outcomes Congress, Spokane, WA.
Hurtado, M., M. Maurer, C. Evensen, G. Castillo, S. Garfinkel, J. Pitman, J. Huck (2007,
October 1). Evaluation of a Health IT Application for AMI and Pneumonia in Rural U.S.
Hospitals. Presented at the 24th Conference of the International Society for Quality in
Health Care, Boston, MA.
Garfinkel, S., Angeles, J., Evensen, C., Eisenhart, E., (2007, March 29). Evaluating Quality
Improvement in Rural Hospitals: The Problems of Small Numbers. Presented at the
National Conference on Small Numbers: Challenges and Innovations in Evaluation of
Quality of Care Measures Based on Small Counts, Dallas, TX.
Moucheraud, C., Angeles J., Maurer, M., Hurtado, M., Garfinkel, S., Floersheim, E. (2005,
May). Evaluating a Health IT Application for AMI and Pneumonia in Rural Hospitals.
Presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Rural Health Association, Reno, NV.
Shore, K., Levine, R., Mitchell, J., Hurtado, M., Garfinkel, S., Carman, K. (2005). Perceptions of
Specific Clinician Behaviors Linked to Health Care Quality. Presented at the Annual
Research Meeting of Academy Health.
Shore, K. K., Levine, R. L., Mitchell, J., Carman, K., Hurtado, M., Lubalin, J., & Garfinkel, S.
(2004). Development of a Taxonomy: Patient and Provider Perspectives on Health Care
Quality, Poster presentation at the 2004 Annual Research Meeting of AcademyHealth.
Shore, K. K., S. A. Garfinkel, J. S. Lubalin, K. L. Carman, M. P. Hurtado, R. Levine, and
J. Mitchell. (2004). Development of a Taxonomy: Patient and Provider Perspectives on
Health Care Quality. Poster presentation at the Annual Research Meeting of
AcademyHealth, San Diego, CA.
14
Hurtado, M. P. and S. A. Garfinkel (2003). The Consumer Perspective on Health Care:
CAHPS II. A presentation to the National Association of State Medicaid Directors,
Bethesda, MD.
Garfinkel, S. A. (2002). The Consumer Perspective on Health Care: CAHPS II. A presentation at
the Public Health Outcomes Seminar, School of Public Health, University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC.
Garfinkel, S. A. (1998). Consumer Assessments of Health Plans Study...the Kansas
Demonstration. A presentation at the 3rd Annual Kansas Health Quality Forum: The
Quest for Quality, Creating and Sustaining Real Change, Wichita, KS.
Rosenbach, M., N. Swigonski, S. A. Garfinkel, S. Rangarajan, and C. Hwang. (1997). The
Oregon Health Plan’s Priority List: Implementation and Impacts. A paper presented (by
Rosenbach, M.) at the 125th Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association,
Indianapolis, IN.
Farley, D. and S. A. Garfinkel (1997). Methods in Health Services Research: Techniques for
Measuring and Evaluating Consumers’ Use of Information in Health Care Decisions. A
paper presented (by Farley, D.) at the 125th Annual Meeting of the American Public
Health Association, Indianapolis, IN.
Garfinkel, S. A. (1997). Consumer Assessments of Health Plans Study. A presentation at the
January meeting of the Oregon Consumer Scorecard Consortium, Portland, OR.
Garfinkel S. A. (1996). Identifying the Special Information Needs of Medicare Beneficiaries:
Results From the Information Needs for Consumer Choice Project. A paper presented at
the conference on Value and Choice: Providing Consumers with Information on the
Quality of Health Care, sponsored by the Henry J. Kaiser Foundation and the U.S.
Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Arlington, VA.
Lee, A. J., S. A. Garfinkel, R. Khandker, and E. C. Norton (1996). The Impact of Medicare
SELECT on Cost and Utilization in Eleven States. A paper presented (by Lee, A. J.) at the
13th Annual Meeting of the Association for Health Services Research, Atlanta, GA.
Boyle, K. E., F. J. Potter, S. A. Garfinkel, et al. (1991). Use of CATI in a Business Survey of
Health Insurance Plans. In Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods,
American Statistical Association.
Garfinkel, S. A., F. J. Potter, and J. J. McNeill. (1989). Survey of Private Health Insurance
Plans. A paper presented (by Garfinkel, S. A.) at the 117th Annual Meeting of the
American Public Health Association, Chicago, IL.
Lavange, L., V. G. Iannacchione, and S. A. Garfinkel (1986). An Application of Logistic
Regression Methods to Survey Data: Predicting High Cost Users of Medical Care.
Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research, American Statistical Association.
15
Garfinkel S. A. et al. (1977). Organization of Dentistry in Selected HMO’s. A paper presented
(by Garfinkel, S. A.) at the l05th Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Care
Association, Washington, DC.
Nash, K. D. and S. A. Garfinkel (1976). Quality Assurance in Selected Third Party Carriers of
Prepaid Dental Plans. A paper presented (by Nash, K. D.) at the l04th Annual Meeting of the
American Public Health Association, Miami Beach, FL.