Strangeness Hadrons in Few-Body Nuclei
Yoshinori AKAISHI,Akinobu DOTE and Toshimitsu YAMAZAKI
Deeply bound kaonic states
K-
Atomic states
Nuclear state
MENUSept. 3, 2004
Few-Body KN Systems_
Strangebaryon
Di-baryon
Tri-baryon
Tetra-baryon
Strange heavy nucleus Strange matter
pp
p
ppn
n
pp
n ppn
S=-1 S=-2
p K_
=
p p =
H*?
DANE1999Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki
eV)100208407()1163323( i
eV)30111249()637194( i
DEAR @ DANE
KN interaction-
))66.0/(exp()( 2rVrV TT DNK
))66.0/(exp()( 2rVrV TT 1CN,K
))66.0/(exp()( 2rVrV TT 2CN,K
0)( TT VrV
1TVD
1TV1C
1TV2C
-62 MeV
-285 MeV
-285 MeV
0TVD
0TV1C
0TV2C
-436 MeV-412 MeV
none
KpX Iwasaki et al. (1997)
fm)04.068.0()07.070.1(0 iaT
fm60.037.01 iaT
Martin (1981)
fm)12.025.049.0()03.015.078.0(pK- ia
p+K-n+K0-
(1405)
-++
++-
0+0
+0
5.30
-27
-94.9-103.0-104.4
-181.3
(MeV)
Optical potential
K nucleus_
K- atom
MeV783700 iWiV
MeV1111800 iWiV
MeV6513400 iWiV
for E= -110 MeV
ge
Qvvg
te
vvt0
1
,}/)exp{(1
)(s0
00opt
aRr
iWVrU
010
00 )3(4
1 TT ggiWV
for t-matrix:
for g-matrix:
No Pauli exclusion
Chiral SU(3) Dynamics
T. Waas, N. Kaiser & W. Weise, Phys. Lett. B379 (1996) 34.
0 1 2 3
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0ρ/ρ
matternuclearinKK /mm
K+
K-
20
0 M
eV
/100 MeV
2Kthr.
pK
thr.
pK-f
mTT
2Kthr.
nK
thr.
nK 2-
f
mTT
2thr.
n
thr.
p 2--
f
mTT
Tomozawa-Weinberg
7 t
ime
s
TρωU 2
22/1 22
f
mT
22/3 2f
mT
2K
0 23
f
mT
2K
1 2f
mT
0)3(23 1001 bbaa
022 02/12/3 baa
Chiral symmetry
N
KN-
Isoscalar
J. Schaffner-Bielich, V. Koch & M. Effenberger, Nucl. Phys. A669 (2000) 153.
A. Ramos & E. Oset, Nucl. Phys. A671 (2000) 481.
A. Cieply, E Friedman, A. Gal & J. Mares, Nucl. Phys. A696 (2001) 173.
Shallow optical potential
Deep optical potential
V0+iW0= -50 –i 60 MeV
V0+iW0= -120 –i10 MeV
Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki, Phys. Rev. C65 (2002) 044005.
N. Kaiser, P.B. Siegel & W. Weise, Nucl. Phys. A594 (1995) 325.
Nuclear KNN bound states_
nnK-
dK-
ppK-
10
4
3
4
12 TT vv
10
4
1
4
32 TT vv
12 Tv
T = 3/2 Unbound
T = 1/2 Above the + n threshold
T = 1/2 E = -48 MeV = 61 MeV
S = 0
S = 1
S = 0
obtained from 3-body variational calculation.
Structure of ppK-
pp K-
1.90 fmrms distance
1.36
fm
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
fm-3
0 2 4 6 8r fm
)(4 )pp(K2 rr
)(4 pp2 rr
)(4 d2 rr
3.90 fmrms distance
T. Yamazaki & Y. Akaishi, Phys. Lett. B535 (2002) 70.
K- + p
MeV -27K EMeV 04Γ
1 2 3 r fm0
-50
-200
-300
-400
-500
nuclKU
MeV
(1405)+
+
K- + pp
MeV -48K EMeV 61Γ
1 2 3 r fm0
-50
-200
-300
-400
-500
nuclKU
MeV
H2K+
+
K- + 3He
MeV -108K EMeV 02Γ
1 2 3 r fm0
-50
-200
-300
-400
-500
nuclKU
MeV
H3K
+
+
K
Kp p
T. Yamazaki & Y. Akaishi, Phys. Lett. B535 (2002) 70.
1 2 3r fm
0
-100
-200
-300
-400
MeV
nuclKU
+ (-69, 66) MeV (-86, 32) MeV
Nuclear bound stateH4K
1/24- ]HeK[ T
1.47 fmFree
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
Rcore fm
40
30
20
10
0-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
Me
V
Ecore(Rcore)
EK(Rcore)
EK+Ecore
Hasegawa-Nagata’s NN~1Gev repulsion
E
Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki, Phys. Rev. C 65 (2002) 044005
Shrinkage !
0
-50
-100
-150
50
70
90
15 M
eVTn
MeV
4 He (stopped K-, n)
Bra
nchi
ng~2
%
M. Iwasaki et al.,Nucl. Inst. Meth. A473 (2001) 286.K- + 3He
T = 1
T = 0
-108 MeV
EK
MeV
HKHeK 303-
d+-+
d+++
d+-+
Evidence for K-ppn
Oct.16, 2003 M. Iwasaki et al.
M. IwasakiT. SuzukiH. Bhang
G. FranklinK. GomikawaR.S. HayanoT. HayashiK. IshikawaS. IshimotoK. Itahashi
T. KatayamaY. Kondo
Y. MatsudaT. Nakamura
S. OkadaH. Outa
B. QuinnM. Sato
M. ShindoH. So
T. SugimotoP. StrasserK. SuzukiS. Suzuki
D. TomonoA.M. Vinodkumar
E. WidmannT. YamazakiT. Yoneyama
nucl-ex/0310018
from 4He(stopped K-,n)
B th -ex ~ 60 MeV
Chiral restoration ?
mK/ f 2
udd
uuduudus_
11 or 9 quarks ?
)exp()()( 2
2
30 arr
23
2
330
/
)(
a),0(8
1
aM
2
Challenging problem !
pp
n
K-
1.5 fm
N(0) = 8.9 0
ppnK-
Tri-baryon ?
av=3.10
}/)({)( 3rrrd MeV25MeV,4173 E
-108 20Theor.
Exp.
K-NNN potential_
0
-100
-200
-300
-400
-500
-600
MeV
1 2 3 r fm
-5 MeV
-23 MeV
-37 MeV
Relativistic effect
17% enhanced KN bare int._
proportional to 2
(9% enhanced KN effective int.)_
Without shrinkage
With shrinkage
Observeall.
Exciting!“pppK-” “ppnK-” “pnnK-”
-103 MeVN(0s)3K-
N(0s)2(0p) K-
-97 MeV
-193 MeVT=1, 3/2+
Relativistic effect
-170T=0,1/2-
-133-132
00
3
4'
3
2 TT vv KN enhanced by 17% 0
23 Tv
4He(stopped K-, p) pnnK-
p momentum
T. SuzukiH. Bhang
G. FranklinK. GomikawaR.S. HayanoT. HayashiK. IshikawaS. IshimotoK. ItahashiM. Iwasaki
T. KatayamaY. Kondo
Y. MatsudaT. Nakamura
S. OkadaH. Outa
B. QuinnM. Sato
M. ShindoH. So
P. StrasserT. Sugimoto
K. SuzukiS. Suzuki
D. TomonoA.M. Vinodkumar
E. WidmannT. YamazakiT. Yoneyama
Discovery of S0(3115) in 4He(stopped K-,p)K-pnn
Phys. Lett. B597 (2004) 263
Press releaseon Aug. 24, 2004
MeV193 5.14.4
E
MeV21
13
8Be 8BeK-
7 fm
Density (/fm^3) 0.0 0.41 0.83
Density (/fm^3) 0.0 0.10 0.20
AntisymmetrizedMolecularDynamics calculation A. Dote, H. Horiuchi, Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki, Phys. Lett. B590 (2004) 51.
Dense & Cold
T. Hatsuda & T. Kunihiro,Phys. Rev. Lett. 55 (1985) 158.
M. Lutz, S. Klimt & W. Weise,Nucl. Phys. A542 (1992) 52.
W. Weise, Nucl. Phys. A553 (1993) 59c.
Tqq
,
0220N
0
1
fmqq
300 MeV50Temperature
T Density
Normal density
Color forromag.A. Iwazaki et al.
150 MeV
Chemical potentialNuclei
Tem
per
atur
e
Quark-gluon plasma
Color superconductor(2SC), (CFL)
Hadrons
0,0
0,0 0,0
Dense & cold
Tricritical point
Nuclear Phase Diagram
Liquid-gas
K1.90 fm
1.36
fmKp p
ppK-
1.3 fm
1.5
fm
ppK- K-
uuddss
us_
uud uudus_
Strange deuteron? Excited H* di-baryon?
K-
K-
T. YamazakiP. Kienle
ppnK- + d
MeV100~0ρ
ρ
K-
Cold & densefragments
Heavy-Ion Reaction ~10A GeV
High-density environment provided by HI fireballInvariant-mass spectroscopy for their decays
“Decay-channel spectroscopy”T. Yamazaki
Phys. Lett. B587 (2004) 167
ppK- + p
FOPI at GSI from Kutsche (PhD) 1999
Superb identification
A. Andronic and P. Braun-Munzinger, priv.comm., Oct.17, 2003 > GSI SIS100/300: best place
Concluding Remarks
Nuclear K bound state_
Mini strange matter
K plays a role of “contractor”._
Few-body K nuclear systems would provideexperimental data of fundamental importance
for hadron physics with strangeness.
_
A new means to investigatehadron dynamics in dense&cold matter
Chiral restoration?Color superconductivity?
Kaon condensation?Strange hadronic/quark matter?
Production-/Decay-channel
spectroscopies
KEKDANESPring-8
GSIJ-PARC
ZA0K 1 ZA-K
11 ZA
ZA 10
11 ZA-
ZA 1
ZA 2
ZA 10
11 ZA-
1 ZA-
ZA 1ZA 2ZA
S=0 nucleiS=-1S=-2
500
400
300
200
100
0
Excitation energy(MeV)
)K,K( -
)K,(),,K( -- )K,(),,K( -
)N,K( -
Meson-nucleon systems of 2nd generation