STRENGTHENING GERMPLASM SECURITY FOR NGOS AND
SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN INDONESIA
ByFransiskus Harum and James Roshetko
Delivering trees to farmers: improving for germplasm supplyTraining workshop, Monday the 29th October to 2nd of November 2007
Nairobi, Kenya
Introduction Purpose of the work: i). To
strengthen the technical awareness and skills of NGOs and smallholders regarding tree germplasm; and ii) to increase the availability and use of quality germplasm by NGOs and smallholders
Partners and Collaborators• Indonesia Forest Seed
Project (DANIDA)• Directorate of Forest
Tree seed, Ministry of Forestry
• Tree Seed Centres• ICRAF-SEA• Local NGOs• Seed Dealers
International research organizations
National research organizations
International seed companies
Farmers and Farmer Groups
Large private plantations
National NGOs
Small private nurseries
National extension organizations
Qua
ntit
yQ
uali
ty
Farmers and NGOs have weak linkages to tree seed resources
They need to develop their own seed security – seed production one part
Local (farmer & NGO) pathwaysLocal (farmer & NGO) pathwaysFarmers/NGOs acquire seed from informal sources
* Collect from local forests, woodlots, or farms* Exchange with family or friends
This local pathways operate in recurrent isolation – * Seed collected repeatedly from the same sources* ‘New seed’ only occasional enters the local population
Farmers/NGOs do not follow suitable seed collection protocol* Collect seed from 1-5 trees* Collect from trees that are easy to access* Quality of mother tree rarely considered* Distance between trees not considered* Origins of trees not considered (unknown or small population)
Locally collected seed is often of suspect quality
Why Farmer Seed Production ?
Seed quality and quantity !!!
Problem for all partners Seed shortages are common Use whatever seed is available No direct access to quality seed
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Flow of seed in and out of Wonogiri-PonorogoFlow of seed in and out of Wonogiri-PonorogoFlow of seed in and out of Wonogiri-PonorogoFlow of seed in and out of Wonogiri-Ponorogo
INDONESIA
17% from Sumatra
75% from Wonogiri-Ponorogo 5% from
Madura1% from
Nusa Tenggara
10% to Java
19% toSumatra
28% to Kalimantan
0.5% Abroad
20% toSulawesi
5% toNusa Tenggara
0.5% to Bali
17% toWest Papua
Key:In flow of seedOut flow of seed
INDONESIAINDONESIA
17% from Sumatra
75% from Wonogiri-Ponorogo 5% from
Madura1% from
Nusa Tenggara
10% to Java
19% toSumatra
28% to Kalimantan
0.5% Abroad
20% toSulawesi
5% toNusa Tenggara
0.5% to Bali
17% toWest Papua
Key:In flow of seedOut flow of seed
Wonogiri-Ponorogo Seed Pathway - 4 types of actorsWonogiri-Ponorogo Seed Pathway - 4 types of actors Wonogiri-Ponorogo Seed Pathway - 4 types of actorsWonogiri-Ponorogo Seed Pathway - 4 types of actors
• Farmers collect seed• Local dealers organize seed collection for
dealers/middlemen• Middlemen purchase from dealers/companies• Companies: dry, clean, sort, store and supply seed to
local, national and international customers
Remarks: % = percentage of seed flowing to next actor
* 24% (362 tons) is exchanged between suppliers
Seed ProcurementWonogiri – Ponorogo 873 tons
Seed Procurement1,149 tons
Seed companie
s
Middlemen
Consumers24%*(362 tons)
93%(1.069 tons)
7%80 tons
Wonogiri & Ponorogo
Seed collectors
Local dealers
9%(79
tons)
37%(323 tons)
Other Location
276 tons
46%(402 tons)
54%(471 tons)
Seed procurement and distribution pathways in Central and East Java
Interventions (activities) Surveys, meetings and participatory appraisals to identify
current pathways, capacity and constraints Training courses, field visits and workshops to enhance
germplasm awareness and skills (focused on topics identified in 1)
Technical documents in English and Indonesian on priority topics.
Design and establishment of ‘farmer demonstrations trials (FDTs)’
Evaluate the formation of NGO- or farmer-based seed procurement/diffusion entities (with appropriate links to seed centres)
Procurement of good quality germplasm Develop NGOs – farmers tree seed supply enterprise Design and establishment of community base seed orchard
Major Constraints Selection of NGOs and Smallholder farmers as
local partner. It is very important to work with NGOs who is dealing with the related activities (Agriculture sector) and has been working with selected community groups
Less support from government institution on working with NGOs and smallholder farmers
Limited of high quality germplasm from improved seed sources. Only 5 major species are available mainly for own consumption (big companies)
Lessons for the future Establishment and management of Community based Seed Orchards is
good approach for smallholder farmers. It is not meant to replace Seed Orchards, Seed Production Areas, or Seed Stands.
Key activities should be maintained Improving seed collection and management skills Enhancing access to technical information Promoting the use of technically sounds collection guidelines Establishing local seed sources and tree plantings with quality seed Strengthen linkages between farmers/NGOs and formal seed sector
(government, forest industry, seed suppliers)
These measures will make it possible for NGOs and farmers to improve theseed quality of the seed used at the local level!!!