Mission StatementThere has long been a desire on the reservation to create aThere has long been a desire on the reservation to create a network of survey benchmarks to allow accurate mapping of reservation resources and entering of GIS data into databanks for analysis purposes.
In 1996 the reservation and BIA purchased survey grade GPSIn 1996 the reservation and BIA purchased survey grade GPS equipment from Trimble to aid in preparation of road construction plans and stakeout of construction projects.
This presentation will outline the process we went thru in developing a reservation wide survey network and show the typical survey monuments we deal with.
NGS System of MonumentsT B i TTwo Basic Types
Vertical Control BenchmarksHorizontal Control
Vertical Control Benchmarks
Triangulation Points
Vertical Control Survey Projects
All projects on reservation were second order lineswere second order lines.
One first order project (best accuracy) located East of Warm Springs Reservation.Reservation.
Work completed September 1958September 1958.
Typical Equipment for LevelTypical Equipment for Level Surveys
Standard Level Standard Leveling Technique
Horizontal C t lControl Network
Completed in January 1957 by Coast andGeodetic SurveyGeodetic Survey
Typical Support Equipment forTypical Support Equipment for Triangulation Network Surveys
Field StationsSupply Truck
Typical Survey Crew Hiking to Survey StationSurvey Station
Chaining to ReferenceReference Marks from Monument
Typical Survey Transits/Theodolites
Engineer’s Transit
Wild T-3Theodolite
Engineer s Transit
Parkhurst 1st
Order Theodolite
NGS Datasheet Station SIDWALLAN t 1991 Adj t t d tNote 1991 Adjustment date
Classical (Terrestrial) Observed StationH i t l C t l O lHorizontal Control Only
Foster Azmuth MarkNote painted metal fenceNote painted metal fence post. Arrow points to triangulation station ½ mile away.
Typical Network AccuraciesTypical Network AccuraciesNote Increasing Accuracy with more recent time period.g y p
iGPS Basics Navigational gSatellites in Space andSpace and
Receivers on Earth
Originally designed to aid in submarineto aid in submarine navigation.
HTTP://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/ (Current)CORS C i O i R f S iCORS = Continous Operating Reference Station
GPS Equipment AvailableGPS Equipment Available4 CORS Stations
Corvallis Gwen Redmond KelsoCorvallis, Gwen, Redmond,Kelso
3 Trimble Survey Grade Receivers3 Trimble Survey Grade Receivers 2-4700 Model1-4800 Model
Strategy:Dedicate 2 Recei ers to Apostle Net orkDedicate 2 Receivers to Apostle Network
4+ Hour Observations (Long Lines)Use 1 Receiver to Observe Vertical Benchmarks with
Standard Fast-Static Times (Short Lines)
OPUS System
OnlineP iti iPositioning
UserService
CORS Based + 4 Hour ObservationCORS Based 4 Hour ObservationSolve for new position of base
Apostle Network ith CORS tiwith CORS ties
NoteHarn Stations And CORSStations Did Not HaveStations Did Not HaveSame EPOCH Date
Apostle Should we HoldHarn or CORS? p
Network15 N S15 New Survey Monuments on
R tiReservation3 new monuments12 existing monuments
Held 4 (3 off reservation)Solved for 15 new points
Green = Harn Held XYZBlue = Harn Held XYRed Ne PointRed = New PointNote: Old Harn Data
and Geiod 96
Apostle Network Error Ellipses(Units are in Centimeters)(Units are in Centimeters)
Note:CORS iCORS station at Redmond = 1.5cm
Warm Springs Vertical NetworkWarm Springs Vertical Network19 Stations Held X,Y, and Z (Apostle Points + Harn Stations)
69 Stations Solved for Position(Mostly FHWA, BPA, and ODOT Vertical Benchmarks)
Fast Static SolutionsFrom Known ApostleFrom Known Apostle Monuments Minimum of Two Independent V b h kVectors per benchmark.
Error Ellipses Vertical Network
Station FosterHeld X,Y, and Z
Station G 419 Stations H 111 and F 419N l S B h kTree Interference Normal Survey Benchmarks
New Harn (1997) vs Old Harn (1991)Station Junction
Height 1997 = 962.16mHeight 1991 = 962.29m
Difference = -0.13mHeight is ellipsoid height not Station Sky
Height 1997 = 963.30mHeight 1991 = 963 30m
Height is ellipsoid height not the same as elevation data
Height 1991 = 963.30mDifference = 0.00m
Station Y 502 (Not in old Harn)Elevation 1997 = 796.77mElevation is fromElevation 1991 = 796.68mDifference = +0.09m
Elevation is from Mean Sea Level
Bluebook Study
Selected 6 Apostle points on the Warm Springs Reservation and resurveyed to NGS standards for recording gin their database. Points selected were near public roads and hadpublic roads and had easy access for off reservation users.
Harn DensificationDensification
2000-2001
Added 6 GPS Stations on reservation and tied to first order vertical data. Network tied 8 counties together 4 Independenttogether. 4 Independent vectors per station. Now GEIOD 99 (Better Model)
Bluebook (1998) vs Classical (1991)Station Quartz (3d Order Vertical)
Elevation 1998 = 841.06mElevation 1991 = 839.72mDifference = +1.34m
Station Foster (Triangulation Only)Elevation 1998 = 766.3mEl i 1991 765 5Elevation 1991 = 765.5mDifference = +0.8m
Station Crook (2nd Order Vertical)Station Crook (2nd Order Vertical)Elevation 1998 = 792.96mElevation 1991 = 793.19mev o 99 793. 9Difference = -0.23m
Warm Springs Survey NetworkWarm Springs Survey NetworkCurrent Status 2011
• 57 Permanent Monuments (Three Mile Radius Approx)– 23 Previous (USGS/FHWA/ODOT/BIA)
34 N (BIA GPS t l i t )– 34 New (BIA GPS control points)– Yields 5 calibrated sites for RTK survey on reservation
• 38 Elevation Control Points (Historical data BAD!!!)( )• 469 Section and Quarter Corners (PLSS)• 1969 Property Pins (Subdivision Lot Corners)
61 d C i C l d• 61 Road Construction Temporary Control Rods• 110 Tribal Survey Points
FHWA V ti lVertical
Benchmark3-24
Established in 1972 by Western Federal Lands Office in Vancouver, ,Washington. Survey is suspect (all resurveys by BIA and tribal surveyorsBIA and tribal surveyors show vertical errors in adjacent monuments).
h k blBenchmarks are stable and good location maps.
Vertical Benchmarks vs Previous Data
Station X 502 (2nd Order Vertical) Elevation 1998 = 796.447mElevation 1988 = 796.479mDifference = -0.32m
Station 3-24 (3d? Order Vertical FHWA)Elevation 1998 = 809 631mElevation 1998 809.631mElevation 1991 = 808.349mDifference = +1.282m
Calibrated Sites (Communities)Si hSimnashoSidwalterKahneeta
WarmSpringsWarmSpringsSeekseequa
Average Error 1-2 cm about 0.1 ft or 1 inch
LIDAR Scanning BasicsTwo Receivers observing same satellites at same time.
One Receiver in Plane with total station and Lazer scanner.Other Receiver set on known GPS base location broadcasting RTK signalOther Receiver set on known GPS base location broadcasting RTK signal.
Sample Benchmarks pWarm Springs Network
Listed in Order of ImportanceListed in Order of Importance
USGS Triangulation BenchmarksNew BIA GPS Control MonumentsOld FHWA Benchmarks (Set in Concrete)( )Vertical Control Benchmarks (Set in Concrete)New PLSS Corners (Set firmly in ground)New BLM Witness Corners (Set firmly in ground)New BLM Witness Corners (Set firmly in ground)Old PLSS Corners (High Set Brass Caps)BPA GPS Survey Monuments (Iron rods and caps with fencepost)
ib l i i i h f / i ( l)Tribal Engineering Right-of-Way/Property Pins (Permanent control)BIA Roads Construction Control Points (Temporary project control)
New Style BIA GPS ControlGPS Control Monument
Note fencepost to aid in findingNote fencepost to aid in finding station license number, and date
stamp.
Typical New PLSS ¼ CornerNote monument set deeper in soil to allow peasier survey with standard bipod.
BLM Witness CornerWitness to Meander Corner for Deschutes River.Fence crib built over brass capFence crib built over brass cap monument.Difficult to survey to now.
BPA GPS Survey Station WS 1004Set in 1997 For Flood Plain StudySe 997 o ood a S udyIron Rod With Aluminum CapSet below ground with fiberglass post (could be consumed in range fire)( g )Station in bottom of canyonBad visibility of satellitesNot Set in Concrete
BIA Roads BranchR d C iRoad ConstructionSurvey Control Point
Note punch mark and control point number. Temporary Control for Road Construction Project.