Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Dr Pali LehohlaStatistician-General
#StatsSA
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
What is SAYP
The survey collects data on educational activities, economic activities, non-economic activities, health and safety issues, and household tasks of individuals aged 7–17 years who live
in South Africa.
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
SAYPThe survey helps:
• To understand the extent of children’s involvement in economic activities
• To analyse the demographic and socio economic characteristics and their extent to contributing towards their involvement in economic activities
• To update and expand the existing statistical data on working children
• Identify specific areas that needs intervention to reduce children involvement in hazardous activities.
•• To provide information for the formulation of an informed policy to combat child labour within the
country; and
• To monitor the South African Child Labour Action Program (CLAP) and Sustainable Development Goals( SDG’s).
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
NDPVision
• The NDP vision is that everyone has access to education at a high standard, regardless of who they are and where they live.
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
SDG Goal 4By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free,equitable and quality primary and secondary educationleading to relevant and Goal-4 effective learning outcomes
Target 4.1:
Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms
Target 8.7:
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Profile of South Africa’s
Children
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Profile of South Africa’s children aged, 7 – 17 years oldDemographics
50,0%50,0%2015 2015
+0,1 from 2010-0,1 from 2010
of the total South African
population in 2015
20,5%
Children aged 7 to 17 years made up
Total population
Chi
ldre
n ag
ed 7
–17
yea
rs o
ld
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Provincial distribution of South Africa’s children aged 7 – 17 years old
South Africa
20,5%
NC2,3%(+0,2)
WC10,2%(+0,8)
EC15,0%(-0,3)
NW7,2%
(-)
MP9,0%(-0,2)
KZN22,9%(-0,4)
FS4,6%(-0,7)
LP12,5%(+0,4)
The biggest proportion of children were found in
KwaZulu-Natal followed by Gauteng.
The North West is the only province that did not
experience any change between 2010 and 2015.
Highest change was observed in Western Cape
at 0,8 percentage point.
GP16,3%(+0,3)
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
37,3%7 – 10 years old
35,2%11 – 14 years old
27,5%15 – 17 years old
+2,2 from 2010 -2,2 from 2010
unchanged
Profile of South Africa’s children aged, 7 – 17 years oldAge
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Indian/Asian1,9%
White5,5%-0,2
Coloured8,8%
Black/African83,9%
+0,3
4 in 5 children in South Africa
are Black African
Profile of South Africa’s children aged, 7 – 17 years oldRace
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Parental survival
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children by Parental survival
74,8%Both parents
alive-2,7 from 2010
14,3%Only mother
alive+0,4 from 2010
7,3%Neither parent
alive+2,0 from 2010
Only 29% of black African children lived with both parents in the household compared to the 75,6% among whites and 74,8%
among Indian/Asian in 2015
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Parents not alive
Both parents not household
members but alive
Both parents household member
Only father household member
Only mother household member
Black/African Coloured Indian/Asian White All population groups
3,6%Only father
alive+0,3 from 2010
Presence of parents in the household by population group
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Presence of grandparents in the household among children aged 7 – 17 years old whose parents were not household members
In 2015 fewer children whose parents were not household
members lived with their grandparents compared to
2010
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children educational characteristics
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Proportions of children aged 7–17 years old not attending school
South Africa1,6%
-0,5 (compared to
2010)
NC2,9%(+0,4)
WC1,7%(-1,1)
EC2,1%(-1,3)
NW2,7%(+0,5)
MP2,1%(+1,1)
KZN1,1%(-0,9)
FS2,3%(+0,1)
LP1,2%(-0,6)
GP0,9%(-0,4)
Overall there was a drop in the proportion of children not attending school between 2010
and 2015.
Mpumalanga recorded the biggest increase in non-attendance at 1,1
percentage points
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children with no parents alive or only father present in household member were more likely not to attend school.
Non school attendance increased among children in father only households
Parent survival and member of the household by school non-attendance
Neither parents alive
3,5%(-0,1)
Only fatherhouseholdmember
2,1%(+0,6)
Neither parents
householdmember
1,9%(-0,7)
Only motherhouseholdmember
1,5%(-0,4)
Both parents householdmember
1,1%(-0,8)
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
School attendance of children aged 7 – 17 years old whose parents were not household members by presence of grandparents in the household
Grandparents presence in the household where parents were not household members increased the likelihood of
children attending school
1,7%(-)
Grandparent part of
household
3,1%(-1,2)
Grandparent not part of household
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children engaged in economic activity
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Economic activity
Specifically contributing or available to contribute to the production of goods and services according to the United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA,1993).
This includes:• work for pay or in-kind; • unpaid work in a family business • domestic work in households• Production for own consumption
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children aged 7 – 17 years old engaged in economic activity by sex in 2015
Children aged 16 to17 years were more likely to be involved in child labour
21% of all children aged 7-17 years were involved in economic activities, and this was a decrease of 2,6 percentage points from 2010
In 2015 more boys were engaged in economic activity (22,3%) compared with girls (20,9%), both sexes experienced decreases with the largest among girls at 3,6 percentage
points.
23,6%
22,3%
2010 2015
Male
24,8%
20,9%
2010 2015
Female
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
24,2%
30,5%
28,2%
15,0%
21,6%
29,7%
22,7%
14,7%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Total
15 - 17 years old
11 - 14 years old
7 - 10 years old
2015 2010
Children aged 7 – 17 years old engaged in economic activity by age
The 15-17 year old had the highest proportion among those engaged in economic activity. Older ages were more likely to be involved in economic activities
Those aged 11–14 year old their proportion decreased with 5,6 percentage points, the highest change when compared with the other age group.
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
24,2%
28,4%
5,6%
3,3%
1,5%
21,6%
25,2%
0,5%
3,9%
1,7%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Total
Black/African
Indian/Asian
Colooured
White
2015 2010
Children aged 7 – 17 years old engaged in economic activity by race
Black children were more likely to be involved in economic activities (which included production for own consumption) compared to the other races among children involved in
economic activities
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children aged 7 – 17 years old engaged in economic activity by school attendance
24,2%21,6%
2010 2015
Overall children involvement in economic activities declined in 2015
Children involved in economic activities were more likely not to attend school
All children
35,7%
29,2%
2010 2015
Children not attending school
23,9%21,5%
2010 2015
Childrenattending school
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
97,4% of girls were involved in production for own consumption only, slightly more than the 95,6% of boys.
More boys were engaged in economic activity for both market and own production than girls.
Boys were also more likely to have participated in market activity only.
96,5%
2,0%
1,5%
+0,8 from 2010
-0,2 from 2010
-0,6 from 2010
Involvement by type of economic activity
Involvement in economic activities by sex
&
Children 7 – 17 years old engaged in economic activity by type of economic activity
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children aged 7 – 17 years old engaged in economic activity by industry in 2015
Involvement of children in economic activities was high in the trade industry in both 2010 and 2015, though the share decreased by 8,8 percentage points.
58,1%
12,0%
29,9%
49,3%
16,5%
34,2%
Trade Private households other
2010 2015
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children aged 7 – 17 years old engaged in economic activity by occupation
The majority of children who engaged in economic activities were in Elementary, followed by Sales and Services
65,6%
18,3% 16,0%
68,8%
11,9%
19,3%
Elementary Salesandservices Other
2010 2015
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children engaged in economic activity by industry and hours of work per week More than 60% of children engaged in economic activity, worked for less than 14 hours per week.
Children who worked in agriculture and services were more likely to work more than 14 hours per week in 2015. The share of children who worked more than 14 hours per week in the transport industry declined 16,5%
Less than14 hours
per week
More than14 hoursper week
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2010 2015
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2010 2015
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Widespread decreases in children aged 7–17 years involved in most activities – except for those who only studied and those who both studied and engaged in household chores, where
the proportions increased.
Children aged 7 – 17 years old by activities
+ +
+Household chores & study
Economic activity, household chores & study
Study only
57,6%
56,4%
2015
2010
20,5%
22,7%%
2015
2010
19,7%
18,1%
2015
2010
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children who lived in a household with no parent present but had at least one grandparent in the household, were more likely to be involved in only studying compared to those who had no parents
or grandparent in the household.
Children aged 7 – 17 years activities by presence of grandparents where the parents were not household members.
+Household chores & study
+ +Economic activity, household chores & study
Study only
Grandparent part of household
Grandparent not part of household
51,6%(-0,3)
54,5%(-0,1)
Grandparent part of household
Grandparent not part of household
32,2%(-1,3)
28,8%(+0,2)
Grandparent part of household
Grandparent not part of household
14,0%(+2,3)
12,9%(+1,8)
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Reasons of children aged 7-17 years for doing economic work
43,3%
25,9%
20,3%
10,3%
55,4%
22,2%
15,7%
6,7%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pocket money Assist family with money Duty to the family Other reasons
The main reasons why children worked was for pocket money, and this reason increased with 8,8 percentage points in 2015
2010 2015
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Household chores
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children aged 7-17years involved in at least one household chore by province
NC72,4%(-3,9)
WC74,7%(-3,5)
EC81,2%(-9,0)
NW79,7%(-5,9)
MP80,7%(+1,4)
KZN85,6%(+3,3)
FS82,5%(-3,3)
LP81,6%(+3,5)
GP68,7%(-1,0,)
Involvement of children in at least one household chore was more than 65% among
all children in all the provinces
South Africa79,3%
-1,3(compared to 2010)
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children involved in at least one household chore by presence of parents in the household
82,4%83,6%
74,6%
86,7%
80,6%80,6%81,5%
73,0%
85,6%
79,3%
Only mother household member
Only father household member
Both parents household member
Neither parents household member
Total
2010 2015
Children with no parents in the household or staying with the father only were more likely to be involved in at least one chore in the household
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Number of hours per week spent on household chores by age group
The number of hours worked by children increased with their ages, children aged 15-17 years reported the highest percentage to be working more than 15 hours per week in 2015,
7-10yrs 11-14yrs 15-17yrs Total
15 hrs+ 11-14hrs 4-6 hrs 0-3 hrs
2010
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
7-10yrs 11-14yrs 15-17yrs Total
15 hrs+ 11-14hrs 4-6 hrs 0-3 hrs
2015
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children involved in household chores by type of activity and sex
Cleaning or sweeping or going to the shops were household chores which were performed by most children who were involved in performing household chores.
Girls were more likely to be involved in household chores compared to boys, while boys were more involved in going to the shops and repairing of household equipment.
60,4%Cleaning/sweeping
Male Female67,4%53,3%
60,1%Going to the shops
Male Female
59,9%60,2%
42,0%Washing clothes
Male Female
47,9%36,1%
48,0%Cooking
Male Female
56,4%39,6%
10,3%Caring for children
Male Female
13,3%7,3%
2,5%Repairing household
equipment
Male Female
1,5%3,5%
1,2%other
Male Female
1,1%1,3%
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Chores at school
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Most children were involved in the sweeping/cleaning of schools.
At school, boys were more likely work in the garden.
Children involved in chores at school by type of activity and sex
29,7 %Cleaning/sweeping
Male Female
31,6 %27,7 %
0,1%Other
Male Female
0,1%0,1%
5,8%Maintenance of walls, floors etc
Male Female
6,6%4,9%
4,5%Helping teacher
with marking
Male Female
5,1%3,9%
2,1%Working in school
garden
Male Female
1,3%2,8%
0,3%Helping teacher with his/her house
Male Female
0,4%0,2%
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Number of hours per week spent by learners on chores at school
More than 55% of learners spend 1 hour per week on school chores
1%13%
17%
57%
12%
7 hours or more per week
3 to 6 hrs/week
2 Hours per week
1 Hour per week
Less than 1 hour per week
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Child labour
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Difference between activities (economic, school chores and household chores) and child labour
• Not all work affects children’s development negatively;activities such as helping around the house and earning pocketmoney outside school hours can equip children with skills andcapabilities that would enable them to be productive in theiradult life. (E.g selling sweets at school for pocket money).Thistype of work is not regarded as being involved in child labour.
• On the other hand child labour is work that affects children’shealth, personal development and interferes with theirschooling and has a negative impact on children’s well-being
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Child Labour Action Programme
Definition: Work by children under 18 which is exploitative, hazardous or otherwise inappropriate for their age, detrimental to their schooling, or social, physical, mental, spiritual or moral development.
Monitoring: To monitor its progress, a set of indicators were established which could be measured through the use of surveys such as the SAYP. Any child who is rated as being vulnerable in respect of any one of the indicators is counted as being in child labour.
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Child labour indicators
• Where a child appeared to be doing work prohibited by Basic Employment Act
• Where a child appeared to have worked long hours for their age on all types of work combined
• Where a child was doing ‘market’ that interfered with schooling
• Where a child appeared to be absent from school or experienced difficulties at school because of work-related activities
• Where a child was doing hazardous work
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Child labour composite indicators as defined in the (Child Labour Action Plan)
Child labour composite indicator 2010 2015 Changes (2010-2015)
Where a child appeared to be doing work prohibited by Basic Employment Act
122 000 81 000 -41 000
Where a child appeared to have worked long hours for their age on all types of work combined
417 000 349 000 -68 000
Where a child was doing ‘market’ that interfered with schooling 11 000 1 000 -10 000
Where a child appeared to be absent from school or experienced difficulties at school because of work-related activities
35 000 4 000 -31 000
Where a child was Doing hazardous work 291 000 203 000 -88 000
Overall (at least one of the options in the indicators)
779 000 577 000 -202 000
Child labour declined with an
estimated 202 000 from 779 000 in
2010 to 577 000 in 2015
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children aged 7 – 17 years old engaged in child labour by sex
Children aged 16 to17 years were more likely to be involved in child labour
5,3% of boys were engaged in child labour, slightly higher than girls at 5,0%
6,7%
5,3%
2010 2015
Male
7,4%
5,0%
2010 2015
Female
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children aged 7 – 17 years old engaged in child labour by age group
9,8%
7,4%
4,4%
8,8%
5,2%
2,7%
16-17 yrs 10-15 yrs 7-9 yrs
In 2015 Child labour declined in all age groups, although children aged 16-17 years were more likely to be engaged in child labour
2010 2015
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children aged 7 – 17 years old engaged in child labour by race
8,0%
4,0%
2,6%
1,3%
5,9%
0,4%
1,6% 1,6%
Black/African Indian/Asian Colooured White2010 2015
The highest proportion of children engaged in child labour was recorded among Black African population. While whites were the only race to experience an increase (0,5 percentage point)
in child labour in 2015
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children aged 7 – 17 years old engaged in child labour by province
NC1,2%(-1,4)
WC1,5%(-1,1)
EC4,8%(-10,4)
NW1,5%(-1,4)
MP7,4%(+2,8)
KZN10,0%(-2,9)
FS1,4%(-1,5)
LP7,1%(+4,3)
GP1,5%(-0,2)
The proportion of children engaged in child labour in South Africa declined from
7,0% in 2010 to
5,2% in 2015
Child labour was higher among children in
KwaZulu-Natal, although it declined in 2015.
Mpumalanga and Limpopo were only provinces to report
increases in Child labourin 2015
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Exposure to hazardous working conditions
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Hazardous work could include any of the following:• Work environment which is very hot, dusty or cold;
• Work done in bad light or work done close to or with dangerous machinery or tools;
• Work which has caused injury or illness or which made illness worse;
• Doing heavy physical work or working for long hours;
• Doing tiring or noisy work;
• Working in an environment where the child experiences fear that a person may hurt him or her; and
• Working with or near dangerous or poisonous substances or with dangerous animals.
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Exposure to hazardous working conditions
41,8% 41,6% 39,9%
51,5%
34,2% 33,9%37,0%
53,8%
All economic activities Production for own consumption only
Market activity only Both market and own production
2010 2015
Overall exposure of children to at least one hazardous working condition declined; more so among children who were involved in production for own consumption.
While children who were in both market and own production their exposure to hazardous conditions increased.
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Exposure to hazardous working conditions
Production for own
consumption only
Market activity only
Both market and own
production
All economic activities
2010 2015
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
Market activity only
Production for own
consumption only
Both market and own
production
All economic activities
Male Female
Boys were more likely to be exposed to at least one hazardous working conditions compared to girls, and the exposure for boys working in market activity only and both market and own production increased with
more than 9 percentage points.
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Children injured while involved in economic activity
Market activity only
The number of children injured while involved in market activity only decreased from 5 000 incidents in 2010 to 4 000 in 2015
Production for own consumption only
The number of children injured while involved in production for own consumption decreased from 81 000 incidents in 2010 to 72 000 in 2015
+Both market and
own production
The number of children injured while involved in market activity and own consumption saw an increase from 5 000 incidents in 2010 to 8 000 in 2015
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
Highlights
Source: Survey of Activities of Young People, 2015
• Total number of children aged 7-17 years increased with 127 000 between 2010 and 2015
• Black children had higher proportions compared to other races among children with motheronly household member.
• School non-attendance among children is declining which makes the NDP vision 2030 ofuniversal education possible.
• 24,2% of children were involved in economic activity, and boys were more likely to beinvolved in economic activity compared to girls.
• Around 80% of children are involved in at least one household chores
• Child labour declined with 202 000 children in 2015.
• 5,2% of children were involved in child labour in 2015.
• Children aged 16-17 years were more likely to be engaged in child labour.
• Child labour is largely concentrated in rural areas.