Taking Notes, Writing and Taking Notes, Writing and SpeakingSpeaking
Chapter 6Chapter 6
These Are Related:These Are Related:
Why take notes?Why take notes?
Why take notes?Why take notes?
To rememberTo remember
Over 50% of what we hear is Over 50% of what we hear is lost in the first 20 minutes to lost in the first 20 minutes to an hour.an hour.
If your mind wanders, you can behere now by taking notes.
Tips for taking notesTips for taking notes
Be physically alertBe physically alert
TipsTips
Develop a positive attitude. Convince Develop a positive attitude. Convince yourself that the speaker has something yourself that the speaker has something valuable to say.valuable to say.
TipsTips
Distinguish between listening and Distinguish between listening and hearing.hearing.
Hearing is done with the earsHearing is done with the ears
Listening is done with the Listening is done with the mindmind
TipsTips
Ask yourself questionsAsk yourself questions Why is she saying that?Why is she saying that? What does he mean?What does he mean? What is the main point?What is the main point?
TipsTips
Take notesTake notes The act of writing keeps you physically The act of writing keeps you physically
and mentally alertand mentally alert
Be open to different Be open to different viewpoints and new ideas.viewpoints and new ideas.
Prepare for note taking.Prepare for note taking.
Have the proper materials.Have the proper materials.
Three ring binderThree ring binder Notebook paperNotebook paper Pen Pen HighlighterHighlighter
Review the calendar and Review the calendar and syllabussyllabus What topic is being discussed?What topic is being discussed?
Read the textRead the text
Find the main ideasFind the main ideas Be familiar with the topic Be familiar with the topic
CollegeSuccess
What to write downWhat to write down
Focus on the main ideasFocus on the main ideas Write supporting details as you have Write supporting details as you have
timetime Watch for verbal signalsWatch for verbal signals
Signal words point the way Signal words point the way
Example WordsExample Words
To illustrateTo illustrate For exampleFor example For instanceFor instance
Here comes an Here comes an example. Write it example. Write it down.down.
Addition WordsAddition Words
In additionIn addition AlsoAlso FurthermoreFurthermore
Here comes another Here comes another main idea. Write it main idea. Write it down too. down too.
Enumeration WordsEnumeration Words
The five stepsThe five steps First, second, thirdFirst, second, third Next Next
Here comes a list. Here comes a list. Organize your notes Organize your notes and write down the and write down the items in the list.items in the list.
Time WordsTime Words
Before, afterBefore, after FormerlyFormerly SubsequentlySubsequently PriorPrior MeanwhileMeanwhile
Hmm! Here comes a Hmm! Here comes a time relationship. time relationship. What comes first What comes first and what happens and what happens next. next.
Cause and Effect WordsCause and Effect Words
ThereforeTherefore As a resultAs a result If. . . .thenIf. . . .then
Here comes a cause Here comes a cause and effect. Write and effect. Write the labels “cause” the labels “cause” and “effect” in your and “effect” in your notes and get these notes and get these ideas in your notes.ideas in your notes.
Definition WordsDefinition Words
In other wordsIn other words It simply meansIt simply means That isThat is In essenceIn essence
Here comes a Here comes a definition. Label it definition. Label it “def” and write down “def” and write down the definition. Test the definition. Test questions are often questions are often based on definitions. based on definitions.
Swivel WordsSwivel Words
HoweverHowever NeverthelessNevertheless Yes, butYes, but StillStill
Here comes an Here comes an exception or exception or qualifying remark. qualifying remark. Put this in your Put this in your notes. notes.
Compare and ContrastCompare and Contrast
SimilarlySimilarly LikewiseLikewise In contrastIn contrast
Write the similarities Write the similarities and differences in and differences in your notes.your notes.
Summary WordsSummary Words
In conclusionIn conclusion To sum upTo sum up In a nutshellIn a nutshell
Great! This is the Great! This is the end. I’ll try to write end. I’ll try to write the summary word the summary word for word to make for word to make sure I have the most sure I have the most important ideas. important ideas.
Test WordsTest Words
This is important.This is important. Remember this.Remember this. You’ll see this againYou’ll see this again You might want to You might want to
study this for the study this for the test.test.
This will be on the This will be on the test. Make sure to test. Make sure to know this. know this.
Nonverbal SignalsNonverbal Signals
Visually presented Visually presented materialmaterial
HandoutsHandouts Write down Write down
whatever iswhatever is
written on thewritten on the
board board
Note Taking SystemsNote Taking Systems
The Cornell FormatThe Cornell Format
2 1/2 inches 6 inches
RECALLCOLUMN
•QUESTIONS•OUTLINE
TAKE NOTES HERE INDENT FOR MINOR POINTS
MAJOR POINTS
Practice: Taking Notes in the Practice: Taking Notes in the Cornell FormatCornell Format
Create a Mind MapCreate a Mind Map
Note taking
Record
ReviewRead
Be here now
Develop AnInterest
Check Syllabus
Telegraphic SentencesTelegraphic Sentences
Write key words onlyWrite key words only Omit unnecessary wordsOmit unnecessary words Ignore rules of grammarIgnore rules of grammar Use abbreviations and symbolsUse abbreviations and symbols Similar to text messagingSimilar to text messaging
Use Abbreviations Use Abbreviations (As Long As You Can Read Them)(As Long As You Can Read Them) AmountAmount AmtAmt GovernmentGovernment GovGov EducationEducation EdEd PoliticsPolitics PolPol HistoryHistory HistHist GeneralGeneral GenGen ExampleExample ExEx DemocraticDemocratic DemDem
Leave out the vowelsLeave out the vowels
CheckingChecking CkgCkg AccountingAccounting AcctAcct
Use a symbolUse a symbol
withoutwithout wowo withwith ww andand ++ less thanless than << more thanmore than >> equalsequals ==
Use an AcronymUse an Acronym
NASANASA ASAPASAP USAUSA Make up your own (Massachusetts Make up your own (Massachusetts
Modern Party becomes MMP)Modern Party becomes MMP)
Review Your NotesReview Your Notes
Remember that it is most Remember that it is most effective to review within 20 effective to review within 20 minutes.minutes.
How to ReviewHow to Review
Highlight or underline the main Highlight or underline the main points. Fill in missing details.points. Fill in missing details.
If using the Cornell Format, If using the Cornell Format, use the recall column to test use the recall column to test yourself. yourself.
Group Activity:Group Activity:A Case Study A Case Study
Assignment:Assignment:
Note Taking ChecklistNote Taking Checklist
Evaluate Your Note TakingEvaluate Your Note TakingSkillsSkills
Power WritingPower Writing PPreparerepare
OOrganizerganize
WWriterite
EEditdit
RReviseevise
PPreparerepare
Plan Your TimePlan Your Time Avoid stress by planning Avoid stress by planning
ahead ahead
Allow time for life’s emergencies and Allow time for life’s emergencies and computer problems computer problems
Find a Space and TimeFind a Space and Time
Choose a General TopicChoose a General Topic
Gather InformationGather Information
Write a Thesis StatementWrite a Thesis Statement
The key ideaThe key idea What is the most important idea?What is the most important idea? What question would I like to ask What question would I like to ask
about it?about it? What is my answer?What is my answer?
OOrganizerganize
List topicsList topics Arrange in a logical orderArrange in a logical order
WWriterite
Get StartedGet Started
Write freelyWrite freely Use brainstorming if youUse brainstorming if you
are stuckare stuck Write the first sentenceWrite the first sentence Write the introductionWrite the introduction Write a first draftWrite a first draft Break it into small partsBreak it into small parts Beware of procrastinationBeware of procrastination
Exercise: Free WritingExercise: Free Writing
Writing a paper is like climbing Writing a paper is like climbing a mountain. What small steps a mountain. What small steps can you take to get started?can you take to get started?
Save Your WorkSave Your Work
On your hard driveOn your hard drive On a diskOn a disk A written copyA written copy
The IntroductionThe Introduction
Contains the thesis statementContains the thesis statement Foundation for the paperFoundation for the paper Contains interesting points that motivate Contains interesting points that motivate
the reader to read your paperthe reader to read your paper
The Body of the PaperThe Body of the Paper
Good writing is clear thinkingGood writing is clear thinking Use plain and understandable languageUse plain and understandable language Provide explanation and examplesProvide explanation and examples
Beware of PlagiarismBeware of Plagiarism
Copying the work of others without Copying the work of others without giving them credit. giving them credit.
Avoid Plagiarism by:Avoid Plagiarism by:
Using quotations and providing a Using quotations and providing a referencereference
Thinking about the main ideas and then Thinking about the main ideas and then looking away and writing them in your looking away and writing them in your own wordsown words
Write a ConclusionWrite a Conclusion
Summarizes topicsSummarizes topics Answers question posed in the thesis Answers question posed in the thesis
statementstatement Make it interesting and powerfulMake it interesting and powerful
Include ReferencesInclude References
AuthorAuthor Title of bookTitle of book Publisher of bookPublisher of book City where the book was publishedCity where the book was published The publication date The publication date The page number The page number
Use an Appropriate StyleUse an Appropriate Style
APAAPA Chicago StyleChicago Style MLAMLA
Example of APA Style:Example of APA Style:
Fralick, M. Fralick, M. College and College and career success, second ed., career success, second ed., Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, 2003, p. Publishing Company, 2003, p. 99.99.
Write your first draft and put it Write your first draft and put it away for awhile. Why?away for awhile. Why?
EEdit and dit and RReviseevise
Read it. Does it make sense?Read it. Does it make sense? Check grammar and spelling.Check grammar and spelling. Be courageous and select the best. Be courageous and select the best. Check for biased language.Check for biased language.
Biased Language ExamplesBiased Language Examples PolicemanPoliceman ChairmanChairman FiremanFireman DraftsmanDraftsman MankindMankind LadyLady CrippledCrippled
Police OfficerPolice Officer ChairChair Fire FighterFire Fighter DrafterDrafter HumanityHumanity WomanWoman Disabled or Disabled or
Physically Physically ChallengedChallenged
Prepare the Final CopyPrepare the Final Copy
Double spaceDouble space Font of 10 or l2Font of 10 or l2 One inch margins on sidesOne inch margins on sides Three inch top margin on first pageThree inch top margin on first page Don’t forget Bibliography or Works Don’t forget Bibliography or Works
CitedCited Number your pagesNumber your pages
The Bibliography or Works The Bibliography or Works CitedCited Title of PublicationTitle of Publication AuthorAuthor PublisherPublisher DateDate Page numberPage number See text for sample See text for sample
Making An Oral PresentationMaking An Oral Presentation
Relax!Relax!
Some Relaxation TechniquesSome Relaxation Techniques
Admit you are anxious.Admit you are anxious. You do not have to be perfect.You do not have to be perfect. Take deep breaths and focus on your Take deep breaths and focus on your
breathing.breathing. Use positive self-talk.Use positive self-talk.
Parts of a SpeechParts of a Speech
The IntroductionThe Introduction The Main BodyThe Main Body The Conclusion The Conclusion
Making a SpeechMaking a Speech
Practice your speech until you feel Practice your speech until you feel comfortable.comfortable.
Review the set-up.Review the set-up. Deliver the speech.Deliver the speech.
Dress appropriately and comfortably.Dress appropriately and comfortably. Remember to smile and make eye Remember to smile and make eye
contact.contact. Don’t forget your sense of humor. Don’t forget your sense of humor.
The College Success Web The College Success Web site has many resources on site has many resources on making a speech:making a speech:
Toast MastersToast Masters Virtual AssistantVirtual Assistant Examples of Best Speeches in HistoryExamples of Best Speeches in History Public Speaking Web SitePublic Speaking Web Site
Keys to Success:Keys to Success:Be SelectiveBe Selective
How to be selective?How to be selective?
If you focus on the details first, If you focus on the details first, you will get lost. you will get lost.
Grouping the details under Grouping the details under general ideas will help you to general ideas will help you to remember them. remember them.
It’s Like Putting a Puzzle TogetherIt’s Like Putting a Puzzle Together
What does the What does the picture look like?picture look like?
Then put the Then put the pieces togetherpieces together
To Be SelectiveTo Be Selective
Start with the general ideaStart with the general idea Then focus on the detailsThen focus on the details
The Essence of Genius is The Essence of Genius is Knowing What to Overlook.Knowing What to Overlook.
William James
To Get the General Idea:To Get the General Idea:
Survey the chapterSurvey the chapter Listen for the main points in the lectureListen for the main points in the lecture Mark 20% of the textMark 20% of the text In your personal life, focus on your In your personal life, focus on your
priorities priorities