Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumi
Fayoum universityFayoum universityFaculty of scienceFaculty of scienceBotany departmentBotany department
PLANTPLANT TAXONOMYTAXONOMY
ForFor 22ndnd year students year students
Prepared by: Asmaa Khamiss Revised by: Dr. Prepared by: Asmaa Khamiss Revised by: Dr. Hesham ElfayoumiHesham Elfayoumi
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Plant taxonomy is the science which deals with Plant taxonomy is the science which deals with identificationidentification , , nomen-clature nomen-clature and and classificationclassification of of the plants on the basis of their similarities and the plants on the basis of their similarities and differences (phylogenetic relationships)differences (phylogenetic relationships)..
This science concerns with the flowering plants This science concerns with the flowering plants ((AngiospermsAngiosperms) which are the dominant class of ) which are the dominant class of the vascular plants on the earththe vascular plants on the earth..
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Characters of the flowering plantsCharacters of the flowering plants::
11-- They have true flowerThey have true flower..22-- In the female flowers: ovules enclosed in the In the female flowers: ovules enclosed in the
ovaryovary..33-- After pollination and fertilization the ovules After pollination and fertilization the ovules
develop into seeds and the ovary wall develops develop into seeds and the ovary wall develops to form the fruitto form the fruit..
44-- seeds include the embryo which consists of: seeds include the embryo which consists of: embryonic organs, plumule,radicle embryonic organs, plumule,radicle and1and1oror2cotyledon(s)2cotyledon(s)..
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
The flowerThe flower
It is a modified shoot acting as a reproductive It is a modified shoot acting as a reproductive organorgan..
The elongated axis (internode) of a The elongated axis (internode) of a vegetative shoot is reduced into horizontal vegetative shoot is reduced into horizontal or cup- shaped disc known as: or cup- shaped disc known as: receptaclereceptacle ((thalamusthalamus) on which the floral leaves are ) on which the floral leaves are insertedinserted..
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Different parts of the flowerDifferent parts of the flower::
11 - -The flower arises on axile of leaf calledThe flower arises on axile of leaf called bractbract
which may be
Green coloured Reduced
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Green bractGreen bract
Colored bractColored bract
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Reduced bractReduced bract
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Green bractGreen bract most of the plantsmost of the plants..
Coloured bract Coloured bract BouganvilleaBouganvillea
Scaly(reduced)Scaly(reduced)
bract bract Umbelliferae Umbelliferae
Sometimes bracts grouped together and form astructure known as Sometimes bracts grouped together and form astructure known as involucreinvolucre..
CompositaeCompositae
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
22-- PedicelPedicelIt is the stalk of the flowerIt is the stalk of the flower..
Flower may beFlower may be
Pedicellate: SessilePedicellate: Sessile:: With pedicel Without pedicelWith pedicel Without pedicel
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Dissection of the flowerDissection of the flower::
Flower may beFlower may be
All the floral parts One or moreAll the floral parts One or more
are present. missing part (s)are present. missing part (s)..
Complete flower consists ofComplete flower consists of
Complete: Incomplete:
Non-essential parts Essential parts
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
33-- Non-essential (subsidary) floral partsNon-essential (subsidary) floral parts
May beMay be
Differentiated intoDifferentiated into
CalyxCalyx CorollaCorolla**Outer whorl. Outer whorl. **Inner whorlInner whorl..
**Green in color. Green in color. **ColoredColored..
**Consists of Consists of sepals sepals **Consists ofConsists of which may be free which may be free petals petals which may which may
or united. be free or unitedor united. be free or united..
Perianth
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
CalyxCalyxFree sepalsFree sepals
))PolysepalousPolysepalous((
United sepalsUnited sepals
))GamosepalousGamosepalous((
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
CorollaCorollaFree petalsFree petals
))PolypetalousPolypetalous((
United petalsUnited petals
))GamopetalousGamopetalous((
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
There is a floral part called There is a floral part called epicalyxepicalyx, which may confuse, which may confuse
with the calyx, epicalyx present in family with the calyx, epicalyx present in family Malvaceae; Malvaceae; It It arises at the base of the calyxarises at the base of the calyx. .
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Types of polypetalous corollaTypes of polypetalous corolla: :
**RosaceousRosaceous::e.g.e.g.: : RosaceaeRosaceae
**CruciformCruciform:: e.g.e.g.: : CruciferaeCruciferae
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
**PapilionaceousPapilionaceous::e.g.e.g.: Paoilionaceae: Paoilionaceae
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
**Caesalpinaceous:Caesalpinaceous: With marked petalWith marked petal..e.g.e.g.: : CaesalpinaceaeCaesalpinaceae
**CaryophyllaceousCaryophyllaceous::e.g.e.g.: : CaryophyllaceaeCaryophyllaceae
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Caryophyllaceous corollaCaryophyllaceous corolla
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Types of gamopetalous corollaTypes of gamopetalous corolla::
**Urceolate:Urceolate: Urn-shaped (pitcher-like) corollaUrn-shaped (pitcher-like) corollae.g.e.g.: : EricaceaeEricaceae
**Rotate:Rotate: Wheel-shaped corollaWheel-shaped corollae.g.e.g.: : SolanumSolanum
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
**FunnelFunnel:: e.g.e.g.: : ConvolvulaceaeConvolvulaceae
**Salver:Salver: Star-shaped corollaStar-shaped corolla.. e.g.e.g.: : Vinca roseaVinca rosea
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Contorted corollaContorted corolla
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
**Campinulate:Campinulate: Bell-shaped corollaBell-shaped corolla..e.g.e.g.: : CampinulaceaeCampinulaceae
**Tubular:Tubular: The upper part of corolla is star in shape, the lower The upper part of corolla is star in shape, the lower part is tubularpart is tubular..e.g.e.g.: : TubulifloraeTubuliflorae disc floret disc floret..
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Tubular corollaTubular corolla
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
**Ligulate:Ligulate: Ligule-shaped corollaLigule-shaped corolla..e.g.: Liguliflorae e.g.: Liguliflorae ray floretray floret..
**Bilabiate:Bilabiate: Corolla of tow lips,the upper one of 2 united petals Corolla of tow lips,the upper one of 2 united petals and the lower part of 3 united petals. and the lower part of 3 united petals. e.g.e.g.: : LabiataeLabiatae
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Non-differentiated intoNon-differentiated into calyx & corollacalyx & corolla
It may be known asIt may be known as
Perianth TepalsPerianth Tepals **In dicots. *In monocotsIn dicots. *In monocots . .
* * It inturn may be. *It inturn may beIt inturn may be. *It inturn may be..
Sepaloid Petaloid Reduced PetaloidSepaloid Petaloid Reduced PetaloidWith green With colored With green With colored e.g.: e.ge.g.: e.g:.:.
units. units. units. units. Graminae IridaceaeGraminae Iridaceaee.g.: Cheno- e.g.: Nyctagie.g.: Cheno- e.g.: Nyctagi - -
Podiaceae naceaePodiaceae naceae
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Sepaloid perianthSepaloid perianth
Petaloid perianthPetaloid perianth
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
Reduced tepalsReduced tepals
Petaloid tepalsPetaloid tepals
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
According to the arrangement of the perianth units in different According to the arrangement of the perianth units in different number of whorls , perianth may benumber of whorls , perianth may be::
**Di-merous:Di-merous: 2 units in each whorl2 units in each whorl..
e.g.e.g.: : PapaverPapaver
**Tri-merous:Tri-merous: 3 units in each whorl3 units in each whorl..
e.g.e.g.: most of monocots: most of monocots
Taxonomy of the flowering plants-Taxonomy of the flowering plants- Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayo Asmaa Khamiss&Hesham Elfayoumiumi
**Tetra-merous:Tetra-merous: 4 units in each whorl4 units in each whorl..
e.g.e.g.: : CruciferaeCruciferae
**Penta-merous:Penta-merous: 5 units in each whorl5 units in each whorl..
e.g.e.g.: most of dicots: most of dicots..