ByMoaZZAM Ali Shahid
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*Phases in Glycolysis*Catabolism
Copyright Cmassengale
Occurs in Cytoplasm
Occurs in Matrix
Occurs across Cristae
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Some Important points
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The TCA Cycle(Citric Acid Cycle, Krebs Cycle)
• Pyruvate (actually acetate) from glycolysis is degraded to CO2
• Some ATP is produced
• More NADH is made
• NADH goes on to make more ATP in electron transport
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Enzyme Abbrev. Cofactor(s)
pyruvate dehydrogenase E1
TPP (thiamine pyrophosphate)
dihydrolipoyl transacetylase E2
lipoatecoenzyme A
dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase E3
FADNAD+
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Pyrvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDH)Pyrvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDH)
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acetyl CoAoxaloacetate
CoASH
citrate synthase
citrate
OH2
CH3 C
O
SCoA
C O
CH2C
O
COO
O
COO
CH2CCH2
C
OH C O
O
O O
+
citrate
aconitase
isocitrate
COO
CH2CCH2
C
OH C O
O
O O
COO
CHCHCH2C
C O
O
OO
OH
isocitrate
NAD NADH CO2
isocitrate dehydrogenase
alpha ketoglutarate
COO
CHCHCH2C
C O
O
OO
OH
COO
CCH2CH2
COO
O
alpha ketoglutarate
NAD NADHCoASH
CO2
succinyl CoA
alpha ketoglutaratedehydrogenase
COO
CCH2CH2
COO
OCCH2
CH2C
OO
OSCoA
succinyl CoA
GDP GTP CoASH
succinate
succinyl CoAsynthetase
CCH2
CH2C
OO
OSCoA
CCH2
CH2
COO
O O
succinate
FAD FADH2
succinyl CoAdehydrogenase
fumarate
CCH2
CH2
COO
OO
CC
CC
OO
O O
H
H
fumarate
OH2
malate
fumarase
CC
CC
OO
O O
H
H
CCH
CH2
COO
O
OH
O
oxaloacetatemalate
NAD NADH
malatedehydrogenase
CCH
CH2
COO
O
OH
O
C O
CH2C
O
COO
O
Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + FAD +
GDP + Pi + 3 H2O →
CoA-SH + 3 NADH + H+ + FADH2 + GTP + 2 CO2 + 3 H+
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The sum of all reactions in the citric acid cycle is:
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All dehydrogenase reactions make
NADH or FADH2
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NAD =3 ATP
3
1
3
3
2
3
24
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The total ATP from aerobic Glycolysis will depend on which shuttle is used. These numbers are approximations
6ATP per glucose ( glycerol phosphate shuttle).
8 ATP per glucose ( malate Shuttle).
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Reference : Kaplan Harper Internet
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