1. Technology Transfer Changes in the materials and containers used tostore and transport wine Janine Bevege

2. Timeline

6000BC - Archeologists discover ancient jars made from clay that contained fermented juices.

79AD - First evidence of barrel.Pliney the Elder noted that Romans stored their wine in wooden containers held together with loops.

1600s - New glass making techniques in England allow for wine to be stored properly.

1600s - Monk Dom Perignon takes giant step from using wooden plugs to cork as a wine closure.

3. Timeline

1965 - Thomas Angove, South Australia, invents the first Bag-in-Box wine cask.

2001- New Zealand begins bottling and exporting wines with metal screw caps.

4. Amphora

Chemical analysis reveals fermented fruit juice.

Earliest evidence of use in Northern China.

5. Amphora chosen because.

Impermeable

Non-reactive

Strong

6. Wine protected from spoilage by

A layer of olive oil

And a soft clay stopper.

Stopper would be marked with contents and other info

7. OakBarrels

Traced back to the Celts during the Iron age.

Barrels were lighter and easier to craft than amphora.

Chance discovery that French oak was the best timber for barrels.

8. Oak Barrels cont

Oak imparts interesting aromas to the wine.

Easy for Coopers to work.

Less susceptible to wood diseases.

9. American Oak

Popular for some time in Spain, Portugal, South Africa and Australia.

French believe impact on wine is too strong.

Less expensive and fewer tannins.

10. Barrel Making in a nutshell

Split wood is passed through bandsaw..

Metal ring is used to hold the staves..

When circle is complete a third loop is hammered

Staves heated to bend..

Oak is toasted to different degrees

Barrel is tightened

11. Then finally

The bung-hole is drilled into the side of the barrel.

The outside is given its final planing before the bottom and lid are fitted.

12. Maturation

Rule of thumb, the more structure a wine has the better it will withstand oak aging.

Refines tannins in reds and adds tannic elements to whites.

Batonnage - leaving wine on lees.

Some wine evaporates - the Angels Share.

13. Bottling 14. What thecorkare you on about?

First recorded use in Egypt.

First cork factory 1750 in Spain.

Production boomed in 19th century.Now universal stopper.

Portugal is leading supplier.

15. To screw or not to screw?

Prevent risk of Cork Taint

NZ leads the industry in capped wine.

Caps are cheap.

Maintain freshness.

Reduce oxidation.

But..!

16. Silencing the Pop!

Wheres the romance?

Wheres the drama?

Can we really be taken seriously as a wine producing country without cork?

17. The futurethinking inside the box

54% less energy than glass.

92% less packaging.

80% less green house gases.

30-40% less trucks to transport the same amount as bottled wine.

18. Crack open a cold one?

Can is lined to prevent tinny taste.

Light-weight.

Easy to consume.

Perfect for Camping/ Boating.

When you just wantoneglass of bubbly!

19. References

Domine, A (2004).Wine: 5th Edition Completely Revised . Germany: Konemann

T, Greg (2009).Wine Storage The Early Days . Retrieved July 29, 2010, fromwww.snooth.com

Nivela, D (2010) Oak Wine Barrels A Short History. Retrieved July 29, 2010, fromwww.ezinearticles.com

The Natural Choice(2010). Retrieved July 29, 2010, fromwww.corkfacts.com

Tetrapak(2010). Retrieved August 11, 2010, fromwww.tetrapak.com

Barokes (2010). Retrieved August 11, 2010, fromwww.wineinacan.com

Pics

An inside look at barrel business(1985). Retrieved August 10, 2010, fromwww.goosecross.com

The Coopers (2010). Retrieved August 10, 2010, fromwww.arcus.com

Neeley, Z.(2010) Oak Barrels, French or American?. Retrieved August 11, 2010, fromwww.trethefenfamilyvineyards.com

Our name is blog (2010) Retrieved August 11, 2010, fromwww.funnymail.co.za

Chua, J (2010) Send in the Cork. Retrievec August 11, 2010 fromwww.planetgreen.discover.com