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Page 1: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Temporal paradoxes

John Ashmead

1

1Monday, March 21, 2011

Page 2: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com2

Can atom smasher double as time machine?

CBS News: March 16, 2011 1:39 am

Inside the Large Hadron Collider. A view of the CMS, or Compact Muon Solenoid (Credit: SteMaximilien Brice/CERN)

2Monday, March 21, 2011

Page 3: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com3

General relativity

Time machine

Quantum mechanics+

Basic equation

3Monday, March 21, 2011

Page 4: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com4

Why look at this?

•Interesting question

•Sheds light on both general relativity & quantum mechanics

•May help reconcile them

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Page 5: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

xB

tB

B’s present

Q

•B going right, B says P & Q are “now”

•Are Q & R both “now”???

A, B, & C meet at P

•A at rest

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•C going left, C says P & R are “now”

C’s present

tC

xC

R

tA

xA

P

A’s present

5Monday, March 21, 2011

Page 6: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

General relativity

•Time is variable

•Wormholes

•Paradoxes

•Consistency principles

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Page 7: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Time is variable

•Time dilation

•Gravitational red shift

•Frame dragging

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Page 8: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Relativistic time dilation

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•At high speeds, particles seem to be using slower clocks

•We seem slower to them

•Subtracts 7 ms/day from GPS clocks

8Monday, March 21, 2011

Page 9: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Gravitational red shift

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•Photon swimming up stream loses energy

•Looks as if time is slower on surface

•Adds 45ms/day to GPS clocks

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Page 10: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Gravity Probe B

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Page 11: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Very massive ballerinas

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Page 12: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Wormholes

•Can be used for faster than light travel

•Built using black holes & math glue

•Can be used as time machines

•And as billiard table

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12Monday, March 21, 2011

Page 13: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Wormholes, Time Machines, and the Weak Energy

Condition

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Morris, Thorne, & Yurtsever13Monday, March 21, 2011

Page 14: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Wormhole time machine

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Relativistic speed Enormous gravity

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Page 15: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Billiards with wormholes

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Future mouth

Past mouth

1

2

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Page 16: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Paradoxes

•Grandfather paradoxes

•Bootstrap paradoxes

•Plausibility paradoxes

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16Monday, March 21, 2011

Page 17: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Grandfather paradoxes

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Future mouth

Past mouth

1

2

31’

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Page 18: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Bootstrap paradoxes

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Where did the billiard ball come from?

Future mouth

Past mouth ?

18Monday, March 21, 2011

Page 19: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Plausibility paradoxes

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Future mouth

Past mouth1

2

1’

Billiard ball hits itself just hard enough that it hits itself just hard enough

that it …

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Page 20: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

It seems that there is a Chronology Protection Agency which prevents the appearance of closed timelike curves and so makes the universe safe for historians. — Stephen Hawking

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Chronology Protection Agency

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Page 21: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Weak energy condition

•If averaged energy positive, no wormholes

•But, beware of quantum fluctuations,

•black swans,

•and circular arguments.

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Page 22: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Novikov consistency conjecture

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…the only solutions to the laws of physics that can occur locally in the real Universe are those which are globally self-consistent.

— Igor Novikov

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Page 23: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Quantum mechanics

•LHC may produce time machines

•Quantum mechanics

•Typology of time machines

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Page 24: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Large Hadron Collider & Time Machines

•Evanescent wormholes

•Higgs singlets

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Page 25: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com25

•If LHC is a Mini-Time-Machines Factory, Can We Notice? — Mironov, Morozov, & Tomaras

•Time Machine at the LHC — Aref’eva, Volovich

•Causality violating Higgs Singlets at the LHC — Ho, Weiler

Three papers

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Page 26: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

0 or more time circuits

Mironov, Morozov, & Tomaras

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•Frequency filtration

•Unexpectedly energetic particles

•Accelerated aging

•Perceived unitarity violations

•Collective effects

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Page 27: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Quantum mechanics

•Single slit & double slit experiments

•Sum over paths

•Measurement problem

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Page 28: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Single slit experiment

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•Granular in small

•Smooth in large

•Some diffraction from edges

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Page 29: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Double slit experiment

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•Interference pattern is present but is emergent, not obvious

•Attempts to see “which slit” the photon went thru will destroy the interference

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Page 30: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Sum over paths

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Page 31: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Different rules for particles & us? Aren’t we made of particles?

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Page 32: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

0 or more time circuits

Typology of time machines

•Self-consistency

•Time travel or mere retrodiction

•Mechanism

•Role of observer

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Page 33: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Very simple time machine

•Requirements

•Construction of the time machine

•The world matrix

•Applications

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Page 34: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Requirements

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1) Locally reasonable Free will

2) Globally self-consistent No paradoxes

3) Really is a time machine Not just retrodiction

4) No magic Includes observer

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Page 35: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Mark I Time Machine

35

Lab

Tim

e Lo

op

World

Decision

Effect

Control

Measurement

MysteriousStuff

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Page 36: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Four cases

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Success,regardless

Failure,regardless

Self-fulfillingprophecy

Self-defeatingprophecy

Decision Effect

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Page 37: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Time machine, lab, & world qubits

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Decision

Effect

Control

Measurement

QT QL!

QL ! QW

QL ! QW

QT QL!

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Page 38: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

The world as matrix

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QW =q0q1

!

"##

$

%&&

W =W00 W01

W10 W11

!

"##

$

%&&QW

S = 0 01 1

!"#

$%&

F = 1 10 0

!"#

$%&

O = 1 00 1

!"#

$%&

P = 0 11 0

!"#

$%&

38Monday, March 21, 2011

Page 39: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Quantizing the world•For success & failure, there is no impact of

the decision: the decision qubit is lost in the environment.

•For self-fulfilling (O), the quantum mechanical matrix is 1, which passes up and down through.

•For self-defeating (P), the quantum mechanical matrix is the spin-x matrix, which flips up & down.

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Page 40: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

A Market for Paradox

40

Up

Buy

Down

Sell

Day 1 Day 2

Day 7

Bubble!

Buy

Crash!

50/50

Day 8

40Monday, March 21, 2011

Page 41: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Applications

•Tests of the intersection of general relativity & quantum mechanics

•Implications for quantum computing

•Deeper understanding of philosophic issues

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Page 42: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Radical conservatism

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+ =

Lab

Tim

e Lo

op

World

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Page 43: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Thanks!

•Brent Warner

•Ferne Cohen Welch

•NASA

•Jonathan Smith, Ed & Marguerite Rutkowski, Walt Mankowski, Tom Purdom, Mark Wolverton, David Bertanni, Graham Ashmead, Shelley Handen, Bruce Bloom,…

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43Monday, March 21, 2011

Page 44: Temporal Paradoxes

Temporal Paradoxes - John Ashmead http://www.timeandquantummechanics.com

Author Title Year

Thorne Black Holes & Time Warps 1994

Visser Lorentzian Wormholes 1994

Nahin Time machines : time travel in physics, metaphysics, and science fiction 1997

Gott Time Travel in Einstein’s Universe 2001

Tannor Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: a time dependent perspective 2007

Toomey The New Time Travelers 2007

Carroll From Eternity to Here 2010

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