The 1920sThe 1920s
The 1920s: Part OneThe 1920s: Part One
The 1920sThe 1920s
By 1931, city-dwellers out-number rural Canadians for the first time.
The 1920sThe 1920s
An era of good times for many Canadians.
The 1920sThe 1920sGlenbow Museum Archives, ND-2-399.
The 1920sThe 1920s: Racism: RacismKKK grew in popularity in Canada.
It was especially popular in the Prairie provinces.
The 1920sThe 1920s: : RacismRacism
KKK hated Jews, blacks & Catholics.
In 1915 in the US, a Jewish man named Leo Frank was accused of the rape and murder of Mary Phagan, a 13-year-old girl employed at his factory.
He was found guilty and sentenced to life in prison.
The 1920sThe 1920s: Racism: Racism
The 1920sThe 1920s: Racism: RacismAfter the trial, a group of racists kidnapped him from jail and hung him.
Approximately half of Georgia’s 3000 Jews fled the state after the lynching.
No one was ever found “guilty” of lynching because Georgia had a “lynch law” to protect mobs from facing persecution.
“[W]hen mobs are no longer possible liberty will be dead.”
- “journalist” Tom Watson
The 1920sThe 1920s: Racism: RacismIn Duluth, Minnesota, 1920Rumours circulated among a mob
That six African-Americans had raped a teenage girl.
A physician’s examination later showed no evidence of rape or assault.
HERE’S WHAT HAPPENED:-2 teen girls go to the circus-After, they watch the black workerstake down the circus tent-One girl claims to get raped by 5-6 workers-Blacks are arrested and thrown in jail.
The 1920sThe 1920s: Racism: RacismIn Duluth, Minnesota, 1920Rumours circulated among a mob
That six African-Americans had raped a teenage girl.
A physician’s examination later showed no evidence of rape or assault.
HERE’S WHAT HAPPENED:-2 teen girls go to the circus-After, they watch the black workerstake down the circus tent-One girl claims to get raped by 5-6 workers-Blacks are arrested and thrown in jail.-5,000-10,000 people storm the ail and beat and hang the accuse.-Police are ordered not to resist the mob.
12 men are sentenced for first degree murder.
The 1920sThe 1920s: Jazz: Jazz
The 1920sThe 1920s: Americanism: Americanism
Warren G. Harding
U.S. President, 1921-23
In 1923, in Vancouver, Harding says of Canada:
“We think the same thoughts, live the same lives, and cherish the same aspirations…”
The 1920sThe 1920s: League of Nations: League of Nations
League of Nations, Geneva
Opening Session, Nov. 15, 1920
The 1920sThe 1920s: League of Nations: League of Nations
League of Nations, Geneva
Opening Session, Nov. 15, 1920
Sir George Foster Charles Doherty
N.W. Rowell
Canadian Delegates
The 1920sThe 1920s: Halibut Treaty: Halibut TreatyA Treaty concerning fishing rights in the
Northern Pacific Ocean
First treaty signed and negotiated independently by Canada.
This right had to be fought for by PM Mackenzie King
The 1920s: The 1920s: Chanak AffairChanak Affair
William Lyon Mackenzie King
Prime Minister1921-26, 1926-30, 1935-48
Chanak Crisis, 1922
Mustapha Kemal
The 1920sThe 1920s: About Mackenzie King: About Mackenzie KingBorn in Berlin, Ontario (now Kitchener)
Supported Laurier in opposition to conscription, which made him liked in Quebec.
Became Liberal party leader after Laurier died.
Beat Arthur Meighen in 1921 election, forming the FIRST MINORITY GOVERNMENT in Canadian history.
The 1920sThe 1920s: About Mackenzie King: About Mackenzie KingPERSONAL STUFF:- Kept a detailed diary from 1893 (age 19) until his death in 1950.
-Liked to communicate with dead spirits such as Sir Wilfrid Laurier, President Roosevelt, Leonardo da Vinci, his dead mother, and his dead dogs, all of whom were named Pat (except one he named BOB).
- All his dogs were Irish Terriers.
-Kept his occult leanings a secret.
- Never married, but had several women friends,
Including a married women he saw often.
- His diary suggests he had regular sex withprostitutes. Others suggest he was gay andin love with the Governor General.
The 1920sThe 1920s: About Mackenzie King: About Mackenzie KingPERSONAL STUFF:
RANKED AS #1 Canadian Prime Minister by Canadian historians.
Voters did not love him.
His writing was boring.
He didn’t do well on radio or (later) TV
He lacked charm and never married.
He was a workaholic and had good understanding of economy.
Wanted to uplift Canadians.
Wanted to modernize Canada.
MOST FAMOUS QUOTE: "A true man does not only stand up for himself, he stands up for those that do not have the ability to".
The 1920sThe 1920s: About Mackenzie King: About Mackenzie King
William Lyon Mackenzie King
He sat in the middle and played with string
He loved his mother like anything
William Lyon Mackenzie King
Poem from the kid’s book:ALLIGATOR PIE
The 1920s: The 1920s: King Byng affairKing Byng affair
William Lyon Mackenzie King
Prime Minister,
1921-26,1926-30, 1935-1948
Sir Julian Hedworth George Byng,
Viscount Byng of Vimy
Governor General, 1921-26
The King-Byng Affair, 1926
The 1920s: The 1920s: King Byng affairKing Byng affair
Robert Borden
Wilfrid Laurier
Party 1917 1921 1925 1926
Unionist 153 (65%)
Liberal 82 (35%)
Total 235
The 1920s: The 1920s: King Byng affairKing Byng affair
Arthur Meighen
Prime Minister
1920-21, 1926
Robert Borden
Prime Minister
1911-20
The King-Byng Affair, 1926
Party 1917 1921 1925 1926
UnionistConservative
153 (65%) 50 (22%)
Liberal 82 (35%) 117 (49%)
Progressive 64 (27%)
Labour 3
Independent 1
Total 235 235
The 1920s: Part OneThe 1920s: Part One
Arthur Meighen
Mackenzie King
LIBERALS WIN MINORITY GOVERNMENT
The King-Byng Affair, 1926
Party 1917 1921 1925 1926
UnionistConservative
153 (65%) 50 (22%) 116 (47%)
Liberal 82 (35%) 117 (49%) 101 (41%)
Progressive 64 (27%) 24 (10%)
Labour 3 2
Independent 1 2
Total 235 235 245
The 1920s: Part OneThe 1920s: Part One
Arthur Meighen
Mackenzie King
KING SAYS HE HAS WON MINORITY GOV’T
KING LOST HIS SEAT but stayed on as Prime Minister!
Arthur Meighen Baron ByngMackenzie King
The 1920s: The 1920s: King Byng affairKing Byng affair
I don’t care if I wasn’treally elected… I’mstaying on as PM!
That isSUPER SKETCHY
dude.
This sucks!
The 1920s: The 1920s: King Byng affairKing Byng affair
Jacques Bureau
The King-Byng Affair, 1926
Sorry, William,I was taking bribes.
As leader of theProgressive Party,
I demand you replacethis foo’!
Thomas Crerar,Progressive
Party Leader
Arthur Meighen Baron ByngMackenzie King
The 1920s: The 1920s: King Byng affairKing Byng affair
Um… so… uh… one of my
appointees was found tobe taking bribes.
That isSUPER SKETCHY
dude.
Resign!
A few months later…
Arthur Meighen Baron ByngMackenzie King
The 1920s: The 1920s: King Byng affairKing Byng affair
I am not resigning.I replaced him.
By the way, Byng,could you give the
guy I replaced a job inthe Senate?
That isSUPER SKETCHY
dude.
He wastakingbribes!
Arthur Meighen Baron ByngMackenzie King
The 1920s: The 1920s: King Byng affairKing Byng affair
Um… so things are gettingrough here in Parliament!
Time for an election!
You’re not gettingout of it that easy!
I want to topple yourgovernment andembarrass you!
Sorry bud.No election!
Arthur Meighen
Baron Byng
The 1920s: The 1920s: King Byng affairKing Byng affair
Your turn!
Sweet I’mPM!
Mackenzie King
This is anoutrage!
Arthur Meighen
Baron Byng
The 1920s: The 1920s: King Byng affairKing Byng affair
Mackenzie King
I demandyou call
an election!
Fine!
The King-Byng Affair, 1926
Party 1917 1921 1925 1926
UnionistConservative
153 (65%) 50 (22%) 116 (47%) 91 (37%)
Liberal 82 (35%) 117 (49%) 101 (41%) 116 (47%)
Progressive 64 (27%) 24 (10%) 33 (13%)
Labour 3 2 3
Independent 1 2 2
Total 235 235 245 245
The 1920s: Part OneThe 1920s: Part One
Arthur Meighen
Mackenzie King
Arthur Meighen Baron Byng
The 1920s: The 1920s: King Byng affairKing Byng affair
How?!
I won.Haha.
Mackenzie King
The 1920s: The 1920s: ProhibitionProhibition
Prohibition in the U.S.
The 1920s: The 1920s: ProhibitionProhibitionProhibition in the U.S.
18th Amendmentadopted by Congress, 1918ratified by the states, 1919came into force 1920
Volstead Act, 1919.05% limit
Andrew VolsteadCongressman, 1903-1923
18th Amendment repealed 1933 (21st Amendment)