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Page 1: The Civil Rights Movement Ch. 18. Segregation Divides America De jure segregation- segregation upheld by law De facto segregation- segregation by unwritten.

The Civil Rights Movement

Ch. 18

Page 2: The Civil Rights Movement Ch. 18. Segregation Divides America De jure segregation- segregation upheld by law De facto segregation- segregation by unwritten.

Segregation Divides America

De jure segregation- segregation upheld by law

De facto segregation- segregation by unwritten custom or tradition

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)African Americans could gain civil rights

through nonviolent means Committee of Civil Rights

Founded by TrumanInvestigate race relations

Page 3: The Civil Rights Movement Ch. 18. Segregation Divides America De jure segregation- segregation upheld by law De facto segregation- segregation by unwritten.

Emerging Civil Rights Movement

1948 – Jackie Robinson integrates MLB 1954 – Brown vs. Board of Education

Last in a series of court cases related to segregation in education• One was at the University of Oklahoma Law School

overturns “separate but equal” Plessy Thurgood Marshall- head of the legal team

Emmett Till’s murder 1955-56 – Montgomery Bus Boycott

Mrs. Rosa Parks 1957 – Little Rock Crisis

Eisenhower forced to deploy federal troops

Page 4: The Civil Rights Movement Ch. 18. Segregation Divides America De jure segregation- segregation upheld by law De facto segregation- segregation by unwritten.
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Civil Rights in the 1960s

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Nonviolent Protest Lunch counter “sit-ins” begin: Greensboro, NC February 1960

Wade-ins read-ins Kneel-ins

SNCC (Student nonviolent Coordinating Committee) created April 1960

CORE “Freedom Ride” May 1961 James Meredith integrates the University of Mississippi fall

1962 Demonstrations in Birmingham, Alabama April 1963

Eugene “Bull” Connor- used violence against protesters “Letter from Birmingham Jail”

Governor George Wallace tries to block integration of the University of Alabama Fall 1963

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Sit-ins

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James Meredith University of Mississippi

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Student Protesters and Ole Miss

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200 arrested in riots at Ole Miss

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High Schoolers jailed for marching

Oh Wallace,    you never can jail us all,Oh Wallace,    segregation's bound to fall

Page 22: The Civil Rights Movement Ch. 18. Segregation Divides America De jure segregation- segregation upheld by law De facto segregation- segregation by unwritten.

March on Washington

Aug. 1963 Martin Luther King Jr

“I have a dream” speech Led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Banned segregation in public accommodations

Gave fed. gov. the ability to compel states to desegregate their schools

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And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: Free at last! Free at last!Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!

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Voting Rights

Freedom Summer – 1964 Black and white students focusing on registering

African Americans to vote Anti-poll tax Amendment (24th) 1964 Selma March – March 1965

“Bloody Sunday” State troopers violently attacked the marchers

Voting Rights Act of 1965 Banned literacy tests Federal government controls voter registration

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Thousands marched to the Courthouse in Montgomery to protest rough treatment given voting rights demonstrators. The Alabama Capitol is in the background. March 18,1965

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Marchers cross bridge

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Challenges of the late 1960s The Rise of Black Nationalism The Black Power Movement Many goals had been achieved The death of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Attention of many diverted to Vietnam Increased rioting in African American

communities decreases popular support

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Black Nationalism – Beliefs Black people should have control of their own

communities Ex.: Black teachers, town council members, police

officers, business owners Separatism not integration Emphasis on racial pride and self respect Emphasis on African history and cultural heritage Self-defense

**Black nationalists DID NOT “advocate violence” or “use riots” to accomplish their goals

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Black Nationalism (cont.) Appealing to young urban African Americans Appealing to activists who believed things were not

changing fast enough SNCC – Stokeley Carmichael Malcolm X

Nation of IslamDemanded separation of races

Black Panthers Formed by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton Protect people from police, antipoverty programs

1968 Olympic Protest

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The Women’s Rights Movement

Ch. 23 Sec. 2

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Women’s Movement Arises

After WWII women gave up their jobs to returning servicemen and returned home to care for families and homes

1960s- movement to gain sexual equality Feminism- theory of political, social, and

economic equality of men and women Civil Rights movement prompted women to

look at their own treatment from society

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Women Find Their Voices

Betty FriedanWrote The Feminine MystiqueHelped establish the National Organization for

Women (NOW)• Dedicated to winning true equality of all women• Wanted to pass Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

• Guarantee gender equality under the law

• Protect reproductive rights Gloria Steinem

Co-founded Ms., a feminist magazine

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Opposition

Phyllis SchlaflyFelt feminism was an assault on family,

marriage, and childrenWorked to defeat the ERA

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Legal Headway

Civil Rights Act included a clause that outlawed discrimination based on sex

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)Enforce federal prohibition on job

discrimination Roe v. Wade

Assured women the right to legal abortions

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Latin Movement

Ch. 23 Sec. 3

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Equal Rights

Cesar ChavezLatino activist for farm laborersFormed United Farm Workers (UFW)

• Nonviolent strikes and boycotts

California passed a law requiring collective bargaining

Chicano MovementIncrease awareness of Latino history and

culture

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Native American Equality

American Indian Movement (AIM)Fought for Civil Rights

1973 Siege at Wounded KneeAIM took a village and refused to leave until

the gov agreed to investigate the condition of reservation Indians

Government agreed Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975

Gave tribes control over resources on reservations

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