J.K. Sundaray,Ph.D
CIBA
3
India Today…..
16.8% of the world’s population & 11% livestock
2.4% of the world’s land
4.2% of the world’s water
51% arable land & 137% cropping intensity
142 m ha cultivated & 55 m ha irrigated
65% of population engaged in agriculture
21% contribution in GDP
11.2% earning of total exports
Pressures on Natural
Resource Base
Deforestation
Soil erosion
Desertification
(million ha)
Land degradation 107.43
Water erosion 57.15
Degraded forests 24.90
Wind erosion 10.46
Salt-affected 6.32
Acid-affected 12.00
Others 8.60
Per capita agricultural
land availability
0.34 ha (1950-51)
0.17 ha (1999-2000)
0.12 ha (2010-2011)
Biodiversity for
Posterity
World
Estimated Species 10 million
Documented species 1.72 million
India: Among the 12 Mega bio-
diversity Centres
India: 3 of the 34 Hot Spots of
Biodiversity
12% of world’s flora
7% of world’s fauna
National Bureaus of Plant,
Animal, Fish, Microbes and
Insects
Y = 4
t/ha..
* KBS
Traditional
Farming
(Early
1900s)
Mechanizatio
n
(1960s)
Green Revolution
(1970s)
Biotechnology
Era
(2000s)
Technology
Convergence
(21st century)
Y = < 0.5
t/ha,
Feudalism
Y = >0.5
t/ha,
Land
Reforms
Y = >1
t/ha,
Co-
operatives
Y = >1.5 t/ha,
HRD/
Technological
Break Through
Distinct Transitions:
Agricultural Era
* Knowledge based Society
6
Farm holdings are shrinking
Production cost rising
Resource drain from farming
Water crisis
Shallow soils with decreasing
productivity
Loss of Biodiversity
Increasing biotic and abiotic pressures
Slow pace of diversification
High post-harvest losses as high as 25%
Inefficient energy management
Inadequate markets
Increasing knowledge lag
Climate Change
Emerging Challenges
7
National Achievements
Record food production : 250.00 MMT (2011– 12)
Cereals production : 39.67 MMT
Pulses production : 15.19 MMT
Oilseeds production : 28.21 MMT
Cotton production : 23.19 Million bales
Fruits production : 45.20 MT
Vegetables production : 84.81 MT
Fisheries share
• 4.7 % global fisheries
production
• 2.5 % global trade
• 1.07 % countries GDP
• 5.34 % natural Ag. GDP
• 18 % natural Ag. export
• Rs. 8000 crores export
revenue
9
Livestock and Fisheries
Milk production : 112.50 MT
Eggs production : 59.8 Billion
Meat production : 3.8 MMT
Wool production : 43.20 Million Kgs
Fish production : 7.90 MMT (Inland : 4.82 + Marine : 3.0 MMT)
Achievements ……
Fisheries Development in India
Resources
• 8118 Km Coastal line
• 2.02 million sq km EEZ
• 0.19 million km Rivers &
Canals
• 3.15 m ha Reservoirs
• 3.26 m ha Ponds & Farms
• 1.24 m ha Brackish Water
Aquaculture
Inland
29%
Marine
71%
Inland
60%
Marine
40%
Marine
55%
Inland
45%
Fish production trends
Coastal Fisheries & Aquaculture:
The Code of Conduct (CCRF)
The Code is voluntary and global in scope and provides principles and standards applicable to the conservation, management and development of all fisheries. It also covers capture, processing and trade of fish and fishery products, fishing operations, aquaculture, fishery resources and the integration of fisheries in the coastal area management.
It is important to keep in mind that the
Code is not “cast in stone”. Rather, it
outlines the broad objectives and principles
for responsible fisheries. It has to be
adapted to local realities if national
implementation is to be fostered. Popular
participation in adapting the Code to suit
national conditions will also lead to
enhanced acceptance and implementation
of the Code.
World Fisheries
For human consumption: fish = 18% of all animal protein consumed
World trade of fish: more than US $ 50 billion/year; half by developing countries; more important than tea, coffee
Total production: = 148 million tonnes (mt) 2010 (128 mt used as human food)
154 MT 2011
capture fisheries = 86 mt = 74%
(marine = 67 %; inland = 7%)
aquaculture = 31 mt = 26%
for human consumption = 79%
World Fisheries: Major Issues
Contribution to food security
– food supply and human nutrition
Poverty alleviation and rural development
– livelihoods of small scale fishing & farming
communities
Sustainable development
– conservation and management of
resources
World Fisheries: Major Issues
Over-fishing & excess capacity of fishing
effort
Environmental effects of fishing: habitat
degradation
By-catch, discards
Environmental impacts (pollution, habitat
degradation) ON fishery resources:
inland waters, also coastal waters
The Code of
Conduct for
Responsible
Fisheries (FAO, 1995)
The CCRF: Its Origins
FAO Committee of Fisheries meeting 1991: call
for more responsible practice, better
management
1992 Cancún Conference on Responsible
Fishing called on FAO to prepare a Code of
Conduct
Technical Consultations 1992-1995 lead to
adoption of CCRF by FAO Conference
Member Governments
The CCRF: Its Goals
sustainable benefits from fisheries in
terms of food, employment, trade and
economic well-being for people throughout
the world
provides principles and standards
applicable to the conservation,
management and development of all
fisheries
The CCRF: Its Structure
Articles of the Code
– Art. 1: Nature and scope
– Art. 2: Objectives of the Code
– Art. 3: Relationship with other International
Instruments
– Art. 4: Implementation, Monitoring and Updating
– Art. 5: Special Requirements of Developing
Countries
– Art. 6: General Principles (State Responsible)
The CCRF: Its Structure
Articles of the Code
– Art. 7: Fisheries management (Training programme for
fishermen)
– Art. 8: Fishing Operations (education and skill of fishers)
– Art. 9: Aquaculture Development
– Art. 10: Integration of Fisheries into Coastal Area
Management
– Art. 11: Post-Harvest Practices and Trade
– Art. 12: Fisheries Research
What to do?
• Training of farmers and entrepreneurs
on quality standards and phytosanitary
requirements
• Training on Fair Average Quality
Standards (FAQ) for livestock /fisheries
products
• Market intelligence through information
technology and cyber extension
• Sensitization training to middle level
extension functionaries to improve their
technical and professional knowledge
and skills
• Educating the farming
community and the
industry, the
anticipated
implications of the
WTO agreement and
lend a helping hand in
building confidence
and converting the
challenges into
opportunities in
global trade.
CCRF : Actors
All members and non-members of FAO,
Fishing entities, sub-regional, regional and global organisations, governmental or non-governmental,
and
All other interested stakeholders concerned with fisheries resources and fish trade
CCRF: Implementation
FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries
CCRF: Implementation
• Numerous initiatives at national levels
– awareness raising, better practice,
planning, legislation,
• Monitoring, reporting and discussions – FAO Committee of Fisheries (COFI)
– Regional Fishery Organisations / Fishery
Commissions
CCRF: Implementation issues
• Building institutional capacity
• Coping with social stress and costs
• Finding optimal transition pathways
• Mobilising participation
• Protecting small-scale fisheries
• Capacity building ; training; human resource
development
• Insufficient technical assistance and
financial resources
CCRF: Implementation
FAO support to Technical & Policy
consultations on:
– Eco-labelling
– Sustainability Indicators
– Fisheries Monitoring
– Property Rights in Fisheries Management
– Seabirds; Sharks; Management of Fishing
Capacity.
– Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated
Fishing
CCRF: Implementation
Major Projects
– Sustainable Fisheries Livelihoods Programme
Western Africa (UK)
– Research & Fisheries Management in Lake
Tanganyika (Finland)
– Reduction of environmental impact from Tropical
Shrimp Trawling (- GEF support)
– Sustainable Management of Bay of Bengal Large
Marine Ecosystem (- GEF support)
CCRF: Implementation
Major Projects
Inter-regional Programme for the Assistance to
Developing Countries for the Implementation of
the CCRF, components :
– Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance (MCS), and
Scientific Advice for Fisheries Management (Norway)
Components awaiting support:
– Compliance Agreement; Statistics; Fishing Operations;
Resource Surveys; Policy, Planning and Management;
Fleet Restructuring Policies; Post-Harvest Practices &
Trade; Support to NGOs
CCRF: Implementation
International Consensus-building: next major
FAO Expert Meetings:
– Economic Incentives and Responsible
Fisheries (incl. subsidies)
– Strategies & Investment Needs for the
Transition to Responsible Fisheries in Asia
– Management of Shared Stocks
– Reduction of Fishing Capacity
– Responsible Fisheries in the Marine
Ecosystem
CCRF: Implementation
Enhancing Major Information Resources - Facts,
Strategic Advice and Networking for Sustainable World
Fisheries:
– FAO FISHSTAT PLUS Data Base
– UN Atlas of the Oceans
– FAO Fisheries Atlas
– FAO Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS)
– GLOBEFISH markets and trade
– ONEFISH - Internet Portal for Fisheries Research
Outlook: CCRF - Call for support
The FAO Conference called on States,
International Organisations, whether
Governmental or Non-Governmental, and
all those involved in fisheries to
collaborate in the fulfilment and
implementation of the CCRF.
The FAO Fisheries Department welcomes
continued co-operation in support of
implementation of the CCRF.
Outlook: CCRF - Call for support
In Your GEF International Waters Projects, please,
THINK OF
FISH and FISHERIES
INVOLVE
“FISH PEOPLE”
AQUACULTURE
Coastal States &
Union Territories
State Estimated Potential
Area (ha)
Area under culture
(ha)
Andhra
Pradesh
150,000 79,600
West Bengal 405,000 51,659
Kerala 65,000 14,700
Orissa 31,600 9,000
Tamil Nadu 56,000 3,620
Karnataka 8,000 3,080
Goa 18,500 930
Gujarat 376,000 880
Maharashtra 80,000 460
Pondicherry 800 _
Total 1,190,900 1,63,929
State-wise estimated potential area
and area under culture
State Area
developed (ha)
Area under
culture (ha)
Production (MT)
West Bengal 51,659 47,588 33,685
Odisha 13,843 4,769 6,149
Andhra Pradesh 58,145.20 33,754 39,537
Tamil Nadu 6,109.33 2381.49 2,702.38
Kerala 15,099.39 9,544.84 7,096
Karnataka 3708.84 1484 1581
Goa 867 272 319
Maharashtra 1,329.56 650.86 1,243.79
Gujarat 2,214.48 1,915.79 3,605.72
Total 1,52,975.80 1,02,259.98 95,918.89
State wise details of shrimp
farming in India (2009-10)
MPEDA-2011
WEST BENGAL STANDS 2ND IN SHRIMP PRODUCTION
District wise development of
shrimp farming in
West Bengal (2009-10) District Area
Developed so
far (ha)
Estimated
production (MT)
North 24 Parganas 34,500 21,643
South 24 Parganas 11,500 5,792
Medinipore 1,588 6,250
Total 47,588 33,685
©MPEDA Annual Report 2009-10
North 24 Paraganas leads the shrimp
Production through Traditional farming
North 24
parganas
South 24
parganas
East
Medinipur
Area under
culture
34,500 ha 11,500 ha 1750 ha
Number of
farm
6900 3823 2500
Avg
Production
( kg/ha)
706 kg 759 kg 4808 kg
Under CAA
license
197 516 630
District wise development of shrimp
farming in West Bengal (2009-10)
AWARNESS FOR RESPONSIBLE SHRIMP FARMING
HAS INCREASED
Year 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
(Sept,
11)
Area
under
culture
(ha)
49,955 50,215 50,474 49,715 48,236 47,488 47,488 47588 47588
Estimat
ed
producti
on (MT)
29,714 35,432 42,336 42,006 27,668 27,418 33,685 40,725 44,494
Year wise production details
on shrimp farming in West Bengal
.
.
2007-08: Production was less due to heavy rain and flood.
2009-10 :Production was less due to Aaiyla-Storm
2008-09 :Production was less due to heavy rain
Traditional Intensive Low cost low input (Scientific)
Early 90s Present Early 90s Present Early 90s Present
Water exchange Yes Yes Yes No No
Stocking density 1 - 4 1 - 4 16 - 20 25 - 30 6 - 12
Production/ha (t) 0.5 – 0.7 0.5 – 0.7 3.5 – 4.5 5.0 – 7.0 2.0 – 3.0
Feed use (Kg/Kg shrimp)
Nil Nil 1.5 - 1.7 1.6 – 1.8 1.2 – 1.4
Risk Low High Low High Low
Investment/ha (Lakhs) 0.3 – 0.8 0.65 – 2.0 5.0 – 6.0 11 – 16 4-5
Profitability (%) 90 - 120 63 – 85 70 - 80 33 - 34 46 - 49
Profitability/ha (lakhs) 0.4 – 0.7 0.6 – 1.3 4.0 – 5.0 3.7 – 5.4 2.1 – 3.3
STATUS OF SHRIMP FARMING IN WEST BENGAL
FAR
MIN
G S
YST
EM W
AS
NO
T TH
ERE
PCR TESTED SEED
PROBIOTICS
SOIL & WATER
ORGANIC JUICE
DEPENDENCE
ON WILD PL
HIGH INPUT
STATUS
Cost of traditional farming in North 24 parganas is more compared to South
24 parganas as they culture on leased land and apply inputs.
Particulars
North 24 Parganas (Traditional)
South 24 Parganas (Traditional)
South 24 Parganas (Scientific)
East Midnapore
Total expenditure (Rs./ha) 2,00,000 65,000 11,27,000 15,62,825
Return (Rs./ha) 3,25,000 1,20,000 15,00,000 21,00,000
Profit (Rs./ha) 1,25,000 55,000 3,73,000 5,37,175
% profit 62.50 84.61 33.09 34.37
Economics of Shrimp Farming
Cost of scientific mono culture is higher in East Midnapore as stocking
density, land lease and labour cost is more compared to South 24 parganas.
Traditional farming
High density Zero exchange farming
Zero exchange low cost low input
Stocking 1 -4 >20 / sqm 6 - 12
Feed use Nil 1.7 kg /kg shrimp 1.3 kg / kg shrimp
Probiotics and other input
Nil High nil
Risk Low High Low
Land use Huge Less Moderate
Prod/ha (tons) 0.5 – 0.7 5.0 – 7.0 2.0 – 3.0
Pond usage Long term Short term Long term
Investment/ha (Rs) 65,000 – 2,00000 11,27,000 – 15,63,000 5,00,000 – 6,00,000
Profitability (%) 62.5 – 84.6 33.0 – 34.4 46.0 – 49.0
Profitability/ha (Rs.) 55,000 – 1,25,000 3,73,000 – 5,37,000 2,10,000 – 3,26,000
Economics of Shrimp Farming
10ft
8ft
SHIFTING OF
FARMING AREA
ISSUES
SIZE & SHAFE
IS NOT A LIMITATION
HOMESTEAD POND
USED FOR
SHRIMP FARMIMNG
Biosecurity at any cost………. Control of movement of equip & personel
Prevention and spread of existing diseases
Stocking SPF PLs ( WSV, IHHNV,MBV,TSV,HPV)
PCR tested
Feeding -quality
-feeding regime
Water intake: – Reservoir
– Disinfection
--Double screen 300 – 1000 um
Bird Scaring Device (BSD
Crab Protecting Device (CPD)
Disease monitoring Health monitoring
Treatm
ent
Area
(Sqm)
Product
ion
FCR Survival ABW at
harvest
(gm)
Average
kg/ha/cro
p
Control 2750 678 1.55 74.80 32.10 2879.9
BZEST 1960 485 1.40 80.03 32.38 3108.6
Parameters Improvement (% change)
% Survival 3-5 %
ABW at harvest 2-10%
Productivity 8-10 %
FCR 7-11 %
BZEST ( Shrimp Farming)
Zero water exchange farming system achieved an average of 2494 kg/ha with a highest production of 2660 kg/ha/crop in the BZEST ponds compared to an average of 2349 kg/ha in the control ponds with 9.24 % gain in terms of production and 11.3 % gain in FCR.
Litopenaeus vannamei Fenneropenaeus merguensis
Fenneropenaeus indicus
SPECIES DIVERSIFICATION
Marsupenaeus japonicus
CANDIDATE SPECIES
Asian seabass - Lates calcarifer
•Seabass is a protandrous hermaphrodite and spawn round the
Year in CIBA Fin Fish Hatchery
•Asian seabass is one of the delicious table fishes.
•Amongst the cultivable fishes in India, Seabass fetches
higher price in domestic market varying between
Rs.100-2000 per kg depending upon the size.
Mugil cephalus
•Grey mullet is herbivorous fish and breeding technology
has been standarized.
•Suitable species for mono and polyculture.
•Demand fish in Andhrapradesh and West Bengal
Groupers are protogynous
hermaphrodite
Early stage females (2-9kg) and later
become females
Brooders can be maintained in RCC
tanks
Salinity important for maturation
(above 30 ppt)
Feeding @ 5% body weight with
trash fishes
Epinephelus tauvina (Grouper)
COBIA (Rachycentron canadum)
• Promising species has fast growth rate, Carnivorous,
• Preliminary data being collected and gonad samples obtained from 3.0 kg fish
• Efforts are being made to procure live brooders with help of fishing vessels at Royapuram fishing harvour
• Vietnam has standardized seed production and
culture technology of cobia
Silver Pomfret
• Promising candidate species has good market potential
• Omnivore feeding habits
• Seed production trials going on at Kuwait Institute of
Scientific Research
Milkfish - Chanos chanos
• It is high priced fish and used extensively as live bait
• This species can tolerate higher salinity range
• Can grow rapidly under suitable culture conditions
Andaman Tilapia
Oreochromis urolepis
Etroplus suratensis
Seed production technology
has been developed.
Seed supplied to farmers.
Culture demonstrations in
farmers ponds, being
undertaken at KRC.
Ornamental fish
Scatophagus argus
Monodactylus argenteus
Guidelines for Regulating
Coastal Aquaculture
Good pond preparation
• removing the waste black soil
• ploughing in wet condition
• lime application
• screening by two layers of fine nets
• fertilization with organic/ inorganic fertilizers
• > 80 cm of water depth
Quality seed selection
• Cluster approach- for organised stocking
• uniform size seed and PL (12 mm or above);
light gray or brown in colour
• Salinity stress test; Microscopic test;
(muscle:gut thickness 4:1);
• negative for MBV and WSSV
• Swimming against current
• Proper transportation and stocking
Water Quality Management • Fertilization (in split doses)with organic (10-30
kg./ha.) and inorganic fertilizers (1-3 kg./ha.)
• maintain the natural productivity,
• growth of benthic algae can be avoided by maintaining more water depth
• benthic or floating algae in the pond- manually best
• too dark water- feeding is to be restricted
• applying quick lime (CaO) to avoid acid soil or orange water
• Aeration is required after 30-40 days of culture during late evening to early morning period in ponds with >5 pcs per meter density
Better Feed management • 7-10 days if there is any size variation
• checking fullness of the gut
• tray monitoring and demand feeding post 30 DOC
• Shifting feeding area
• Feeding in pond corners and areas where it is dirty (black)
• Reduce feeding during periods of low DO, plankton crash, rain fall, extremes of temperature never over feed.
• Proper storage
Pond Bottom Management:
• stocking density and feeding practice
• avoiding the black soil area
• mild and carefull agitation of black soil
• chain dragging in one forth of the pond
• pond corners cleaning;
• after harvest black sludge removal
• plantation and grass turfing on pond dyke
Shrimp Health Management: • Prevention by exclusion, and BMP focus creating a healthy,
non-stressful environment
• Check gills, gut content, water quality and pond bottom condition
• WSD-informing neighbors
• >50% of the shrimp are not feeding, harvesting
• A black/ brown/ green gut content implies under feeding, a red or pink gut showed disease manifestation and pale whitish gut showed gut infection
• Light or golden brown colour –normal
• Shrimps distress after rain –lime on dyke and pond
• Avoid feeding crustaceans or bycatch waste
Bio-security measures
• Pre-filtration of water
• Chlorination
• Tyre bath, Foot and Hand Wash
• Peripheral fencing
• Crab Fencing
• Bird Fencing
• Separate implements for ponds
Biosecurity at any cost……….
Water intake: – Reservoir
– Double screen 300 – 1000 um
– Disinfection
Protecting device – Bird Scaring Device (BSD)
– Crab Protecting Device (CPD)
Stocking SPF PLs ( WSV, IHHNV,MBV,TSV,HPV)
PCR tested
Productivity in Water Plankton: 60-80 cm-stocking
25-40 cm-rearing
Microorganism TVC has to be < 2 x 103 cfu/ml
Green colony < yellow colony
Feeding -quality
-feeding regime
Disease
monitoring Health monitoring
Control of movement of equip & personel
Prevention and spread of existing diseases
Bird Fence & Crab fence
Bird fencing and crab fencing –Rs 40000/ ha
Effluent Treatment System(ETS)
Sedimentation : 48 Hrs
Water Quality before releasing to drain:
Ammonia : Nil, NO2: Nil, DO: 3.5ppm,pH:7.6
Testing the efficiency of DWTS
Pumping of discharge of water
into ETS pond
Discharge water in the ETS
with baffle walls
Measurement of total settleable
solids at farm site Samples collected for further
analysis at laboratory
P. vannamei harvest
Farmers & their issues
• Difficult for small farmers to get registered- are the existing set of guidelines feasible?
• Misconception of “SPF seed do not get affected by virus”.
• The threat from near by monodon farms.
• Threat from wild crustaceans of surroundings.
• Poor bio-security measures.
• High capital costs.
• Bad power situation leading to high fuel cost.
The Concept: Better management practices
• Super bubble theory
• paradigm shift from intensive system of
shrimp farming to low input, environment
friendly, sustainable culture practice
• setting up of aquaculture authority to look
after the environmental concerns
• best management practices towards eco-
based farming systems.
• innovative, dynamic, and improved
farming practices
• sustainable development
• environmentally responsible manner
• lowering the risk of disease outbreak and
• sustainability, food security and safety
BMP in the line of CIBA
BMP in the line of CIBA
• guidelines framed by CIBA for shrimp farming
• aquaculture authority
• restricted or no use of artificial chemical fertilizers
and pesticides, chemotherapeutic medicines
including antibiotics
• to provide scientifically sound information to
improve the design, selection and performance of
BMPs
• strengthened and amended with regard to different
farming systems
The Origin: Aquaclubs
adoption of BMPs
• collaboration between NACA and MPEDA
• demonstration programme
• self-help groups (Aquaclubs)
• farm in-put suppliers-contract system
BMP categories
• Site selection and construction
• Good pond preparation
• Quality seed selection
• Water quality management
• Shrimp health management/biosecurity
• Feed management
• Pond bottom monitoring
• Emergency disease management
• Harvest and Postharvest management
• Mangrove plantation and conservation
Water Parameters: Temperature
pH
DO concentration
pond Secchi disk visibility (SDV),
Salinity
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nutrients-Phosphate/ Nitrate,Silicate
Productivity-Primary, Secondary
Ammonia , BOD, COD, TDS
Plankton and Benthos
• Soil parameters pH and Eh
EC
Org C
CEC and TEC
N & P
Hydrogen Sulphide
Microbiological,
Biological –Growth Characteristics
Health assessment
Relevant parameters
Harvesting
Criteria
Market Observation
Shrimp conditions
Shrimp size
Pond carrying capacity attained
Avoidance- molting condition
Shrimp price
Disease outbreak
Market demand
Optimize economic returns
Minimize risk
Cessation of shrimp growth
Post harvest measures
Cold chain
Supply chain
Value addition
Mangrove plantation and
conservation
Mangrove plantation and conservation
• Rhizophora –medicinal value
• No mangrove deforastration
conserving the existing mangroves
FUTURE STRATEGIES
•Sustainability of supply and quality of inputs
•Sustainability of out put
•Identification of best areas for brackishwater
aquaculture
•Identification of value for other functions
•Infrastructure development
•Identification and discussion with stake holders
•Mitigation of external drivers influence on shrimp
& Fish farming
•Implementation of present legislation
•Marketing/processing, product quality labeling
and Certification initiatives
IPR management: “Bring out best”
• Big head - inspire to think
big and profitably
• Big ear- listen patiently to
new ideas and suggestions
• Narrow eye - point to deep
connections to finish tasks
well
• Long nose - poke around
inquisitively to learn more
• Small mouth - remind to
speak less and listen more
– Prem & Vijay Batra
Changing “DNA” of Ag. scientist
Past: Great legacy of SOLUTION RESEARCH alone inadequate 1. Accumulation of deadly combos of lethal alleles for inbreeding, legacy building & parochialism
2. Leadership deficit: Deadly recombination between India feudal and British colonial practices sprinkled with Mogul aristocracy
Future: What got you here won’t get there ! Need DISCOVERY
1. Promote innovation: address competition;
FOCUS on impact of science 2. Communicate /bond: recognize changing
needs 3. Tune to era of convergence “Research
is more
about
prediction,
not on
current”
statements
83
“Change is a must, but change is difficult”: An excuse to deny meritocracy and transparency?
Incremental vs. transformational
changes: Ambassador Mark I, II, III… Or…
Mark I
Mark III
Mark III, (Bullet-proof – for criticism)
Personal Greatness
Zen tradition speaks of a beginner's mind:
those who keep their minds open to new
concepts-those who cups area always
empty-will always move to higher levels of
achievements and fulfillments.
Never be reluctant to ask even the most
basic questions.
Rabin Sharma
Credit sharing
CANNIBALISM