The ConsummationFoundationsC.S. Noren, 2017
This Class
What to expect in the class series. Definitions The big Why? Context and foundation of
Eschatology Covenant Theology Review. Typology Review. Who are God’s People?
10 Eschatology Principles
Class Particulars
12 weeks. I will teach each class unless urgent business
calls, such as a needed vacation break. Class notes on my blog:
http://metaschema.blogspot.com/ Published under pseudonym: Earl Flask (short
for Erlenmeyer Flask). Class notes published as blog entry
sometime before class. No paper handouts.
Questions
Questions are welcome. Can be asked in class. Can be asked privately outside of
class. Can be emailed to me at
[email protected] Can be asked in the comments in
blog at: http://metaschema.blogspot.com/
What will be taught?
The different major end-time views. How to reason biblically about end-
time views. Drilling down on some specific end-
time topics. Answering class questions. What difference does this topic
make?
Guidelines Respect for different viewpoints.
I have a viewpoint on the topic. It will come out. Others will have different viewpoints on this topic. Be kind and do not belittle.
Our denomination (PCA) permits members to have many views, but leaders and teachers must follow certain parameters. This will be explained during the classes.
Why does this matter? How does it apply? Not just an intellectual exercise to amaze our
friends and confuse our enemies.
Eschatology
The word arises from the Greek ἔσχατος eschatos meaning "last" and -logy meaning "the study of“ (Wikipedia)
The study of the last days in human history before Christ comes again … and what happens afterwards.
It also includes all of history as it moves towards its consummation.
Why Study Eschatology? Gives powerful understanding of history and
its direction. Shows us that God is in control. Shows that God will lovingly protect his
people. Tells us what to expect now and in the future. Provides a glimpse of the wonderful
consummation. Shows us how to live now. It shows us Jesus, our rock and redeemer.
Foundation
Covenant Theology is the foundation for Eschatology
Covenant Theology has implications for Eschatology
EschatologyCovenant
Theology
Covenant Structure
O. Palmer Robertson
Covenants
Structural Thematic
Inauguration Life in the Covenant
Genealogy Immanuel God Dwelling
Climax in Christ
Adam Promise to seed of woman
Salvation promise
Seed of woman
God will come in the seed
God will dwell in seed
Christ is the godly seed
Noah Continuation of mankind and seasons
Renewal of the land
Continuation of godly seed
Preservation of the godly seed
God will dwell with godly seed
Christ is the Ark
Abraham Promise of people and land
Will posses the land in 400 years
Seed God to you and your seed
Promise of God will dwell in land
Christ takes the curse
Sinai God remembered Abraham
Blessings and cursings in the land.
Seed, 1000 generations
Israel’s God, God’s treasure
Tabernacle Christ is Tabernacle
David Ref. delivering from Egypt
King in the land
Seed To be a people of Yahweh
Temple Christ is the Temple
New Fulfillment in the Lord’s Supper.
The king dies for his kingdom
Ingrafting, pruning
Many nations joined
Christ New Heavens and Earth in Christ
Unity of the Covenants
Types: Progressive Revelation
Progressive Revelation
Obscurely Intimated
Gradually Unfolded
Fully Revealed
Gradually Unfolded
Gradually Unfolded
Interpretation Methods
Historical-grammatical method – Find the meaning of the passage as the original author would have intended and what the original hearers would have understood.
Redemptive-historical method – Subset of the historical-grammatical method where the OT points to Christ and his redemptive work on the cross.
Revelation Patterns
Events/people/nations hint at deeper things.
Repeating patterns and themes. Progression towards a goal.
Symbolism
Symbol
Reality
A symbol is an object that represents, stands for, or suggests a deeper reality.
Example of Symbolism
… and the Holy Spirit descended on him in bodily form, like a dove; and a voice came from heaven, “You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.” … the son of Enos, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God. (Luke 3:22, 38 ESV)
Son of God Symbol
Adam is not only a historical figure, he also represents being a son of God.
Christ is not only a historical figure, he is also the Son of God.
Adam
Son of God
A symbol is an object that represents, stands for, or suggests a deeper reality.
Type
Type
Reality
A type is an Old Testament object that represents, stands for, or suggests a reality made clear in the New Testament.
Son of God Type
Christ
Son of God
A type is an Old Testament object that represents, stands for, or suggests a reality made clear in the New Testament.
Adam
Son of God
Clowney’s Triangle
Typica
l Refe
rence
T1
Tn
History of Redemption
Sym
bolic
Re
fere
nce
S
S – SymbolT1 – Truth SymbolizedTn – Truth Typified(to the nth degree)
Clowney’s Expanded Triangle
T1 Tn
History of Redemption
Sym
bolic
Re
fere
nce
Typolo
gy
S A
Application
Allegory
Moralism
S – SymbolT1 – Truth SymbolizedTn – Truth TypifiedA – Application
Adam as a Type
Typica
l Refe
rence
1st AdamSon of God
History of Redemption
Sym
bolic
Re
fere
nce
Adam
Last AdamSon of God
Israel as a Type
IsraelSon of God
History of Redemption
Sym
bolic
Re
fere
nce
Israel
MessiahSon of GodGive thanks to what
Jesus did in redeeming
us.
Rebuild earthly kingdom
Moralism
Typolo
gy
A
Do/Don’t do what Israel
did
Application
Allegory
Definitions Protological
Adjective: Concerned with or relating to origins or beginnings. (https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/protological)
Typological Adjective: Concerned with or relating to symbols
made clear in the New Testament. Eschatological
Adjective: Concerned with or relating to the final consummation of the world, God’s Kingdom, and people.
Progression of Son of God Type
Adam the protological son of God, Israel the typological, and Jesus the eschatological.Dr. Lane G. Tipton, http://reformedforum.org/podcasts/rf14_03/
AdamProtological
Son
IsraelTypological
Son
ChristEschatologi
calSon
Adam – Protological Son• First son.• Represents humanity.•Failed test in the garden.• Points to Christ.
Israel – Typological Son• God’s redeemed people.• Failed test in wilderness.• Points to Christ.
Christ – Eschatological Son• Final son.• Represents elect.• Succeeds in wilderness.• Redeems his people.
Progression of Kingdom Type
Eden – Protological Kingdom• First Kingdom.• Kept by Works.• Lost by Adam’s disobedience.• Points to New Jerusalem.
Israel – Typological Kingdom• Fulfilled in Joshua•Typological Kingdom.• Kept by typological obedience.• Lost by Israel’s disobedience• Points to New Jerusalem
New Jerusalem – Eschatological Kingdom• Final Kingdom.• Given by Christ to the elect.• Christ succeeds in obedience.• Elect will never loose this kingdom.
EdenProtological
Kingdom
IsraelTypologicalKingdom
New Jerusalem
Eschatological
Kingdom
Typological Obedience Joshua took the whole land, according to all that the LORD had spoken to Moses.
And Joshua gave it for an inheritance to Israel according to their tribal allotments. And the land had rest from war. Joshua 11:23 (ESV)
“And now I am about to go the way of all the earth, and you know in your hearts and souls, all of you, that not one word has failed of all the good things that the LORD your God promised concerning you. All have come to pass for you; not one of them has failed.” Joshua 23:14 (ESV)
“…if you transgress the covenant of the LORD your God, which he commanded you, and go and serve other gods and bow down to them. Then the anger of the LORD will be kindled against you, and you shall perish quickly from off the good land that he has given to you.” Joshua 23:16 (ESV)
People of God Timeline
Hebrew: Assembly…translated as Ecclesia (or Church) in the Septuagint. (Deut 9:10, 10:4, 16:8, 18:16)
Greek: Ecclesia…the same word used in the Septuagint for Assembly. (Matt 16:8, 18:16, Acts, NT Epistles, Revelation).
10 Eschatology Principles From O. Palmer Robertson, The
Israel of God, Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow (2000, P&R Publishing), pp. 192-195.
10 Eschatology Principles1. The Church is part of the
messianic kingdom of Christ.
2. Modern Israel is not part of the messianic kingdom of Christ.
3. Modern Israel is biblically not a precursor to the mass conversion of the Jewish people.
4. The land in the Bible is a type encompasses the entire universe for God’s redeemed people.
5. Return of Israel to the land refers to the restoration of all things in the resurrection of believers in the return of Christ.
6. No reestablished priesthood or sacrificial system will provide a proper supplement to the current established priesthood of Christ and his final sacrifice.
10 Eschatology Principles7. It is illegitimate to
have worship practices that put Jewish and Gentile believers in different categories.
8. The present and future messianic kingdoms will have Jews and Gentiles in equal standing.
9. The future messianic kingdom will not have a distinctive Jewish aspect that will distinguish Jewish believers from Gentile believers.
10. The future messianic kingdom will embrace the whole created realm and not have a special region designated as the promised land.
Application Because we are grafted in, OT history is our
history. In a similar way, we see that our local church’s
history is our history (even before we were here). Thank those who labored in our church.
We are part of a huge epic that is moving towards a great and wonderful consummation.
See OT Israel, the Temple, etc., as foreshadowings that gives you glimpses of Christ and what the new heavens and new earth will be like.