THE CONTRIBUTION OF UNHCR AND REFUGEE WELFARE IN UGANDA.
A CASE STUDY OF RWAMWANJA RERFUGEE SETTLEMENT
CAMP IN KAMWENGYE DISTRICT
BY
KOMUHANGI HILDAH
B1R1541201.15i/DU
A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL
SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
AWARD OF BACHELORS DEGREE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
OF KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
MAY, 2018
-z
DECLARATION
I KOMUHANGI HILDAH declare that, this is my original work and has never been
submitted by any other person in any university or institution of higher learning for any
academic award of Diploma or Degree. I however do acknowledge all the infonnation
got from other sources and people from whom I received advice and other relevant
information.
Sign .
Date ~
APPROVAL
I declare that this research report has been done by the student under my supervision andguidance and is ready~~gnatuie
I’ iuzaare Gerald
DEDICATION
With great pleasure, I dedicate this report to my lovely mum Akampa Patience, my dadKatungye Elias, and the rest of the family members and friends.The blessing of God that is greater than every other understanding be upon you all.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank the Almighty God, for the gift of life, knowledge and wisdom accorded to me,
This Research report would not have been possible without the moral and technical
support of my lecturers, my friends with whom I have been interacting with during the
entire course. I sincerely acknowledge the invaluable guidance and inspiration accorded
to me by my supervisor. Muzaare Gerald (Snr) (HOD- Political Administrative Studies)
whose valuable ideas, guidance and encouragement I greatly appreciate and value.
In a special way I acknowledge the entire staff (lecturers especially of International
Relations) in the Department of Political administrative Studies and College of
Humanities and Social Services and Kampala International University community, for
their valuable ideas and time.
I am grateful to the staff members of UNHCR and its partners in Rwamanja Refugee
settlement Camp, for allowing me to visit the camp and carry out my research in the area.
Your kind cooperation and assistance has helped me reach this far.
May the Almighty God reward all of you abundantly.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION
APPROVAL ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS V
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
ABSTRACT IX
CHAPTER ONE 1
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
I Background of the Study
1 .2 Contextual background 3
1.3 Problem Statement 6
1.4 Purpose of the Study 7
1.5 Objectives of the study 7
1.6 Research Questions 7
1.7 Scope of the Study 8
1,8 Significance of the Study 8
CHAPTER TWO 9
LiTERATURE REVIEW 9
2.0 introduction 9
2.1 Conceptual Framework 9
2.2. Nature of the contribution 10
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 17
3.0 Introduction 17
3.1 Research Design 17
v
3.2 Study Population .17
3.3 Sample Size 18
3.4 Sampling Procedure 18
3.5 Data collection methods 19
3.6 Data Collection Instruments 19
3.7. Interview Guide 19
3.8. Validity 20
3.8.2 Reliability 21
3.9 Data Gathering Procedures 21
3.10 Data Analysis 22
3.11 Ethical Considerations 22
3.12 Limitations 22
CHAPTER FOUR 23
DATA PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS 23
4.0 Introduction 23
4.lDernographic characteristics of respondents 23
4.2 The contribution of UNHCR towards refugee welfare 25
CHAPTER FIVE 32
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS,CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 32
5.0 Introduction 32
5.1 Discussion of findings 32
5.2 Conclusions 38
5.3 Recommendations 39
5.4 Areas of further research 40
REFERENCES 41
APPENDIX I: QUESTIONNAIRE 43
APPENDIX II: INTERVIEW GUIDE 46
APPENDIX III: KREJCIE AND MORGAN TABLE 47
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Table3.1: Respondents of the study 18
Table 4.1 Demographic characteristics respondents 23
Table 4.2: Showing Gender of respondents 24
Table 4.3: Showing marital status 24
Table 4.4: Showing educational level 25
Table 4.5 Showing position:25
Table 4.2.1 Access tohealth 26
Table 4,2.2: Access towater 27
Table 4.2.3 Access toeducation 28
Table 4.2.4 Access to toilet and other sanitation services 29
Tabie 4.2.5 Responses on shelter 30
TabI.e 4.2.6 Responses on food support from UNHCR 31
vi’
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.2 Showing conceptual framework 9
VIII
ABSTRACT
The study assessed the contribution of UNHCR and Refugee welfare Rxvamanja Refugeesettlement camp, Kamwenge District,Western Uganda. It was guided by five specificobjectives, that included; (i) To assess the contribution of LTNCHR towards healthservices, (ii) To examine the contribution of liNT-ICR towards provision of water services(iii) To establish the role of UNHCR in provision of education services (iv) To identifythe role of UNHCR in providing sanitation services (v) To assess the role of UNHCR inproviding access to shelter refugees in communities. This study used the descriptivecross-sectional survey design and was used to collect data from different respondents(e.g.camp administrators) at the same period of time. A sample size of 40 respondentswas used and was determined using Krejcie and Morgan Table (1970) for determiningthe sample size from the population. The questionnaire and interview guide were used asthe research instruments. Descriptive statistics used in this study included frequencies andpercentages. The findings revealed the following: The results indicate that UNHCRcontributes greatly in ensuring that refugees have access to health facilities and services
in the host areas though it is not adequate to all refugees in the area; indicating that theyhave access to water provided by UNFICR or but there could be challenges to accessingwater services in the refugee camp, which may include the distance and ciuality of wateraccessed; the results revealed that respondents have access to education services asprovided by UNHCR, most especially Primary education, indicating a relatively highaccessibility to school and education services by children of refugees in the camp as afundamental human right which should be enjoyed by everyone whether a refugee orother people in the host communities; the findings revealed that refugees in Rwamanjasettlement camp have access to toilet and other sanitation services provided by UNHCR;the findings revealed that the respondents get food support from UNHCR, mostespecially in terms of posho and beans rations. The researcher recommended that it isimperative that the Government of Uganda and hosting Local Governments shouldmobilize for more resources especially funds that are vital in re -settlement of refugees inthe area to supplement of IJNHCR’s efforts; there is need for Government of Uganda incollaboration with UNI-ICR to improve referral and health services. There is need forUNHCR to work closely with the host country and communities in providing access toeducation services by embracing the local education system especially governmentprogrammes like Universal Primary Education and Universal Secondary which will go along way in enabling the refugees to have access to education.
ix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
This chapter presents the introduction, background of the study, problem statement, study
purpose, objectives of the study, research questions and scope of the study, significance of the
study, justification and definition of key concepts.
1.1 Background
Uganda has been hosting refugees and asylum seekers since achieving its independence in 1962.
The country has been praised for having one of the most progressive and generous refugee laws
and policy regimes in the world. In fact, the 201 6 United Nations Summit for Refugees declared
Uganda’s refugee policy a model (UNDP report, 2017),
The 2006 Refugee Act and 2010 Refugee Regulations allow for integration of refugees within
host communities with refugees having access to the same public services as nationals. They
have freedom of movement and are free to pursue livelihood opportunities, including access to
the labour market and to establish businesses, go to school, and access to documentation; they
are also allocated land for shelter and agricultural use. These laws ensure the dignity of the
individur~l and provide pathways for refugees to become self-reliant (G0U strategic frame work,
2017; UND? report, 2017). The settlement approach, combined with these laws and freedoms,
provide refugees in Uganda with some of the best prospects for dignity, normality, and self-
reliance found anywhere in the world. These factors also create a conducive environment for
pursuing development-oriented planning for refugee and host communities. Rather than being
hostedl in camps, refugees are settled in villages, located within refugee—hosting districts. The
majority— more than 80 percent—of refugees in Uganda are hosted in settlements in a refugee-
hosting district. Land for shelter and agriculture has been, for the most part, gazetted by the
government for the settlement areas. Where land has not been gazetted, the Government has
negotiated for land with host-community leaders. In some areas, refugees make up more than one
third of the total local sub-county population (GoU strategic frame work, 2017).
1
The situalion of many refugees living in Uganda is protracted. More recently, prolonged conflict
in the surrounding countries of South Sudan, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo
have led to new refugee arrivals in Uganda. Uganda is now the largest refugee hosting country in
Africa, and the third largest globally (UNDP report, 201 7).
Uganda has been hosting refugees and asylum seekers at an average of about 16 1,000 per year.
Since 2012, the number has peaked, placing Uganda at the forefront of the Horn of Africa
countries addressing a regional refugee crisis. Uganda is currently hosting 1,252,470 refugees
and asylum seekers and it’s the largest refugee hosting country in Africa and the third largest in
the world (GoTJ and UNHCR, 2017).
Uganda is currently hosting the highest numbers of refugees in Africa, and the third largest
globally. The total refugee population stands at 1.2 million, higher than at any time in its history.
Women and girls represent 54% of the total refugee population, while children constitute 59%.
This has created a compounded refugee crisis, comprised of a recent refugee influx notably from
South Sudan, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), in addition to a protracted refugee
situation. This is at a time when forced displacement has become the single most defining
humanitarian!development challenge globally, having reached unprecedented levels in 2016 and
thus far shows no signs of abating (GoU solidarity summit on refugees, 201 7).
Refugees are mainly coming lI~om the surrounding conflict—affected countries of South Sudan,
the Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia, Rwanda and Burundi. 69.3 percent of all refugees
are coming from South Sudan and 20.6 percent from the Democratic Republic of Congo. 6.8
percent of them are from Buruncli and Somalia; the remaining 3.3 percent are mainly from
countries in the Horn of Africa. Refugees from South Sudan are largely hosted in the West Nile
sub-region; those from the Democratic Republic of Congo in the South West.
The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) works with the Government of Uganda, through OPM,
other UN agencies, NGOs and civil society in providing protection and support to people of
concern. The Govemmei~t of Uganda (OPM) ensures the security of all refugees and has a
generous policy which provides refugees in settlements with plots of land (50 metres x 50
2
metres) in order for them to become self-sufficient (UNHCR Uganda Rwamwanja fact sheet,
2014).
1.2 CONTEXTUAL BACKGROUD
Since the beginning of 2012 Uganda has faced a large influx of refugees from the Democratic
Republic of Congo (DRC). Rwamwanja settlement was re-opened by the Uganclan Office of the
Prime Minister (OPM) on the 17 April 2012 to accommodate these new refugee arrivals from the
DRC. Rwamwanja has a maximum capacity of 55,000 people. The security situation in eastern
DRC has been volatile since July 2011 causing refugees to cross into Uganda at a regular rate.
However, fresh fighting in April 2012 between break-away militia the M-23 and the DRC
government forces (FARDC) as well as other local armed groups such as the Mai Mai and the
FDLR has uprooted thousands of refugees and caused fresh influxes of relugees. Despite the
defeat of M23 forces in November 2013 refugees continue to cross into Uganda as a result of
continuing insecurity in the region (UNHCR Uganda Rwarnwanja fact sheet, 201 4).
Most refugees rely on food assistance until they are able to provide for themselves using land the
Ugandan government provides for their use. Refugees receive high-energy biscuits at the border
crossing pcmts and hot meals in transit/reception centers, while they wait to be settled to their
residential plot. A settling-in ration is provided when refugees move to their new plots and
monthly food rations or cash transfers are provided thereafter. Refugees also receive
supplementary rations of specialized nutritious food to treat and prevent moderate acute
malnutrition. In some areas, refugees and host community farmers are supported to improve
post-harvest management both at household and community level and to access markets for any
surplus they produce. The food sector faces a critical shortage of funds to meet the basic food
needs of refugees in Uganda. Because of funding shortages, around 200,000 people who have
been in the country since before mid-2015 are receiving half rations since August 2016. In May
2017, there was a significant shortage of food commodities. The lean season in Uganda, coupled
with high demands of food in the region resulted in key commodities such as cereals not arriving
on time, leading to distribution delays in May 2017 and many receiving incomplete food baskets.
3
With respec~t to the broader geographic area, according to the February to September 2017
Outlook by the Famine Early Warming Systems Network (FEWS NET), refugee hosting areas of
Northern Uganda, as well as other parts of the country were most likely to be negatively
impacted by the June 2017 lean season; a result of poorly distributed rainfall, below-average
production and dwindling food stocks. By July however, per the outlook, food security is
expected to improve to Stressed level (IPC Phase 2) with the predicted green harvest, These
gains are dependent on the impact of the Fall Army Worm (FAW) on crop production in the
country.
Health and Nutrition
Health services are challenged by the increasing influx of refugees. Integration and quality of
services are particularly affected given the high requirements for health care for refugees and the
host population. Refugees comprise more than 50% of the population in some of the districts, all
dependent on available health services. There are gaps in provision of quality integrated sexual
and reproductive health (SRI-I) services (comprehensive maternal health, family planning and
HIV prevention) especially for married women and youth 1 5 to 24 years. The health workforce is
overstretched, affecting health services delivery. Difficulties in maintaining the cold chain for
vaccines is affecting uptake of routine antigens among refugees also. 43% of’ health
infrastructures are operating in temporary structures, referral facility capacity is largely
compromised, ambulance fleets are old and inadequate and communicable disease prevention
control still face challenges.
The findings from SMART surveys conducted during a recent Food Security Needs Assessment
in December 2016 shows the level of acute malnutrition in the refugee hosting districts is
classified as poor to serious. For example, in the North West settlements, Rhino Camp has the
highest prevalence of global acute malnutrition at 14.2% classified as “serious” according to the
WHO.
The emergency response programme implements management of acute malnutrition Where the
performance indicators show that the recovery rates for severe acute malnutrition the country
has been hosting an average of approximately 1 6 1,000 refugees per year. As of December 20 1 5,
4
there were over 477,187 refugees and 35,779 asylum-seekers in Uganda in nine host districts
located mainly in the northern, southern, and southwestern regions of the country. The refugees
come from 13 countries, including the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan, Somalia,
Rwanda, Burundi, and Eritrea. Congolese account for 41.7 percent of total refugees in Uganda,
followed by the South Sudanese at 39.4 percent. Uganda’s refugee laws are among the most
progressive in the world. Refugees and asylum seekers are entitled to work; have freedom of
movement; and can access Ugandan social ser- vices, such as health and education. But refugee-
impacted areas are at risk due to underlying poverty, vulnerability, and limited resilience to
shock further exacerbated by the presence of refugees. The government of Uganda, in
collaboration with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNI-{CR) and partners,
has taken steps to strengthen the self-reliance and resilience of refugees and their host
communities. The 2006 Refugees Act and 2010 Refugees Regulations. The 2006 Refugees Act
and the 2010 Refugees Regulations embody key refugee protection principles and freedoms: (1)
the right to own and dispose of movable property and to lease or sublease immoveable property;
(2) the right to engage in agriculture, industry, and business.
The Ea~;t African region constitutes a flash-point of forced migration. With countries
simultaneou~Iy hosting and assisting internally displaced persons, refugees, returnees, victims of
trafficking, as well as labor migrants, the region stands out in the management of refugees.
However, the trend is becoming complex and dynamic in today’s refugee crisis reality.
Currently the EAC consists of six member states, i.e. Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and South
Sudan. On country level, countries that are recipients of refugees like Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania
and Rwanda, Burundi face a myriad of challenges in the management of refugees; although, the
laws, policies and attitudes towards refugees vary from country to country. Uganda has made a
transition from relief to a development self-reliance strategy due to the unprecedented of
refugees and the protracted situations under which they are living For decades now, Uganda has
been a favorable destination for refugees and asylum seekers from neighboring conflict-afflicted
areas such as Burnndi, Rwanda, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sierra
Leone, Senegal, Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe. The country’s first experience of
welcoming refugees dates back to World War II when 7,000 Polish refugees fleeing the violence
5
in Europe were hosted in Nyabyeya and Kojja in 1942 and were later resettled in Britain,
Australia and Canada. In 1955, Uganda became deeply immersed in the “refugee problem” after
78,000 Sudanese refugees entered during the Anyanya civil war; however, after the signing of
the Addis Ahaba Accord in 1972, many were repatriated.2 This influx was soon followed by the
arrival of numerous refugees generated by unrest in the aftermath of the various struggles for
independence in Kenya, including the Mau Mau struggle. R~vandese, mainly of Tutsi origin,
escaping the disastrous civil strife of 1959 also fled to Uganda. Similarly, Congolese, in the
aftermath of Patrice Lumumba’s assassination inl96l, sought safety in Uganda. Both the
Congolese and the Rwandese were settled in the same areas in western and southwestern
Uganda,3 with some being allpcated the pastoral lands in Nakivale and Oruchinga reFugee
settlements in Mbarara district; these camps were located in present-clay Isingiro district.
Although it is difficult to ascertain the number of Congolese refugees who migrated to Uganda,
several of them settled in Kyaka 1 refugee settlement near the Kazinga Channel in Kabarole
district; many also resettled among relatives in Kasese and Bundibugyo districts while others
moved to urban areas, such as Kampala.
The country also received several refugees From Ethiopia and Somalia during this period. As
peace and stability returned to Rwancla in 1994, owing to the victory of the Rwandan Patriotic
Army (RPA), many refugees were repatriated. This, in turn, generated an influx of over 1,000
refugees to Uganda, most of them of Hutu descent, who fled after the Rwanda Genocide. The
same would happen to the Congolese in 2000, when the UNHCR and the Ugandan government
promoted a repatriation project. The Congolese, however, were not as lucky as the Rwandese.
1.3 Problem statement
Refugees in host countries and communities are entitled to have access to social amenities like
access to education, health and nutrition, shelter, sanitation and safe drinking water according to
UNHCR report 2017, Refugee Act 2006; UNHCR Uganda Rwamwanja fact sheet 2014).
However, given the range and magnitude, refugees are facing a lot of problems where by their
social life is at stake.
Refugees are facing the problem of limited access to education whereby they are allowed only to
have the lower level education that is according to the Refugees Act that guides refugees in
Uganda and beyond that level they pay for secondary education on their own. It becomes so
6
difficult for them to access higher level of education which makes them uneducated. More so
refugees are facing problems in health sector where few of them access full medication due to
unavailable health facilities in the given small health centers in their camps. Also refugees are
facing the problem low access to shelter equipments and facilities and safe drinking water due to
limited facilities and support from the host countries and communities which has resulted into
low standards of living and general poor welfare for refugees.
Over years government of Uganda as a host country through the OPM has been supporting
refugees to have access to education, health, shelter, food and nutrition and land among others;
these efforts have been supported by the international community and organizations like
UNHCR, WFP, WI-JO, UNDP (Refugee summit 2017 in Uganda; UNHCR Uganda Rwamwanja
fact sheet 2014). The study was carried out to assess the contribution of LNHCR towards
improving refugee welfare in the host countries.
1.4 Purpose of the study
The pu~pdse of the study was to assess the contribution of IJNHCR and refugee welfare inUganda R,vamwanj a refugee settlement camp Kamwengye district.
1.5 Objectives of the study
The specific objectives of the study were:
i) To assess the contribution of UNCJ-IR towards health services
ii) To examine the contribution of IJNHCR towards provision of water services
iii) To establish the role of UNHCR in provision of education services
iv) To identify the role of UNHCR in providing sanitation services
v) To assess the i-ole of UNI-ICR in providing access to shelter refugees in communities.
1.6 Research questions
i) What is the contribution Of UNCHR towards health services
ii) What is the contribution of UNFJCR towards provision of water services
iii) What role does TJNHCR play in provision of education services
iv) What i-ole does UNHCR play in providing sanitation services
v) What role does TJNI-ICR play in providing access to shelter to refugee communities.
7
1.7 The Scope of the study
The scope of the study was categorized under geographical, content and time
1.7.1 Geographical scope
The study concentrated on Rwamwanj a refugee settlement camp. Rwamwan a was chosen
because it is the biggest refugee camp in south western Uganda. Rwamwanja refugee settlement
camp is located in Kamwengye district in south western Uganda, the size of Rwamwanja
resettlement camp is 127.2km2 (49.1 miles2) with 36 villages and it is a home of ovçr 55000
refugees and asylum seekers (UNHCR Uganda Rwamwanja fact sheet 2014).
1.7.2 Content scope
The study concentrated on the contribution of UNI-ICR and refugee welfare in Rwamwanja
refugee settlement camp in Kamwengye district.
1.7.3 Time scope
The study was carried out within a period of six months including data collection, analysis and
submission of final report.
1.8 Significance of the study
The findings of the study will help the government of Uganda especially the office of OPM on
how to handle the problems of refugees as host country in (lay to day lives which will help in
improvmg their standards of living.
The findings will help the refugees on how to deal with their problems regardless of no help
rendered to them and be aware of their rights and refugees according to the refugee act of 2006
The study will benefit th~ policy makers since the study made effective recommendations to
improve refugee welfare
The study fmdings will benefit future researchers since the study has contributed to the existing
body of knowledge on refugee welfare and management.
8
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
This chapter discusses the literature related to the contribution of UNHCR and the welfare of
refugees and the strategies to uplift their well being. The literature presented in here is organized
in line with study objectives. The chapter also shows the conceptualization of the study.
Figure 2.1: Conceptual framework showing the contribution of UNHCR and refugee welfare
Independent variable Dependent v~iriable
Contribution of UNHCR Refugee welfare
o Access to health services
o Provision of funds o Access to education services
o Monitoring and supervision • Access to food and nutrition• Access to sanitation and safe
drinking water
Intervening variable
Inadequate funding
Government policies
j~uesof insecurity
Source: Adopted from UNHCR report 2017; Rwamwanja fact sheet 2014
The framework above shows UNHCR contribution as independent variable with indicators like
financial contribution and monitoring on the other hand the frame work shows that refugee
9
welfare is a dependent variable which includes access to education, health, sanitation, food,
shelter. The frame work shows that when UNHCR makes contribution in terms of funding and
monitoring results into improved refugee welfare in terms of access to education, food, shelter,
good sanitation and health. However UNHCR is trying to improve refugee welfare if may face
some challenges like inability of funds, government policies and issues of insecurity.
2.2 Nature of the contribution of UNHCR and refugee welfare
Uganda has been hosting refugees and asylum seekers at an average of about 161,000 per year.
Uganda has been hosting refugees and asylum seekers since achieving its independence in 1962.
The country has been praised for having one of the most progressive and generous refugee laws
and policy regimes in the world. In fact, the 201 6 United Nations Summit for Refugees declared
Uganda~s refugee policy a model ( UNDP report,2017).
Since 2012, the number has peaked, placing Uganda at the forefront of the l-{om of Africa
countries addressing a regional refugee crisis. Uganda is currently hosting 1,252,470 refugees
and asylum seekers and it’s the largest refugee hosting country in Africa and the third largest in
the world (GoU and UNHCR, 2017).
The 2006 Refugee Act and 2010 Refugee Regulations allow for integration of refugees within
host communities with refugees having access to the same public services as nationals. They
have freedom of movement and are free to pursue livelihood opportunities, including access to
the labour market and to establish businesses, go to school, and access to documentation; they
are also allocated land for shelter and agricultural use. These laws ensure the dignity of the
individual and provide pathways for refugees to become self-reliant (G0U strategic frame work,
2017; UNDP report, 2017).
Uganda is now home to 1.2 million refugees from 13 countries with at least 86°/a comprising of
women and children; these refugees are settled in various refugee settlements in nine districts,
the number surged, doubling from when a World Bank study on forced displacement and mixed
migration in the Horn of Africa estimated the number at 500,000.8 It is therefore argued that
Ugancla’s* forward looking approach is being stretched to its limits. Uganda is currently the
10
largest refugee-hosting country in Africa, after surpassing Ethiopia and Kenya in early 201 7.
Bidibidi became the largest refugee camp hosting more than 270,000 displaced persons (Winnie,
Claire, Ivan, 2017).
Uganda is currently hosting 1,252,470 refugees and asylum seekers the country is the largest
refugee hosting country in Africa and the third largest in the world (GoU and UNI-ICR, 2017).
The typical journey of a refugee in Uganda is characterized by an entry phase, settlement and
integration phases. During the entry phase, refugees spend between one to three days in a
reception centre, where they undergo health screening, registration of all household members and
are provided with nonfood items. If prima facie refugee status is not granted, a fact sheet for each
refugee is generated and used by the Refugee Eligibility Council (REC) to grant or deny refugee
status. During the settlement phase, land for residential and agricultural use is allocated to
refugees. During the integration phase, refugees can access various services, including education,
healthcare, water, security and protectio1~ and agriculture extension services (Uganda’s
contribution to refugee protection and management, UNDP 2017).
The contribution went to three UN agencies; UNHCR, WFP and UNDP that support refugees
and host communities in West Nile and South Western Uganda. UNI-ICR received USD
2,584,000 to provide services in public health; water, sanitation and hygiene; and livelihoods, to
refugees and asylum seekers from South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Burundi,
in Nakivale, Adjumani, Arua and Oruchinga districts. These projects are expected to benefit at
least 279,797 refugees and 83,939 members of the host communities (UN Uganda Bulletin Vol.
13, 28th April 20l7).
WFP received US$2,932,000 to assist with food and livelihood support. WFP will provide
lifesaving food assistance to approximately 509,000 refugees in the settlements of West Nile to
guarantee minimum food consumption and prevent deterioration of their nutrition status. In
addition, WFP will provide tailored livelihood support to some 12,000 households in refugee
hosting districts, targeting both refugees and host communities. This project aims to reduce post
harvest losses and improve food security by providing agricultural trainings and household level
storage equipment to farmers (UN Uganda Bulletin Vol. 13, 28~’ April 2017).
11
UNDP received USD 741,000 to create emergency employment for refugees and host
communities; provide business skills training and start up grants for micro-enterprise
development; and refurbish vocational training institutes in cooperation with JICA.
(UN Uganda Bulletin Vol 13 28thApril 2017)
The project is expected to benefit over 5,000 refugees and Ugandan youth and women in Yumbe
district. It will build on UNDP’s preceding partnership with GoU in 2016 that supported border
stabilization, livelihoods and skills development for refugees and host communities in West Nile.
(UN Uganda Bulletin Vol 13. 28th April 2017).
This was announced during a press conference addressed by Ambassador of Japan to Uganda,
i-I.E. Kazuaki Kameda; the Minister of Disaster Preparedness, IVlanagement and Refugees, Hon.
Hillary Onek; UN Uganda Resident Coordinator, Ms. Rosa Malango; UNHCR Representative,
Mr. Bornwell Kantande; and WFP Representative, Mr. El-Khidir Daloum at the Office of the
Prime Minister in Kampala 24th April 2017 (UN Uganda Bulletin Vol 13 28thApril 2017).
While addressing the press, Ambassador of Japan to Uganda, H.E. Kazuaki Kameda, said that
the generous contribution by his government will provide the much-needed assistance to
refugees and host communities, focusing on health; water, sanitation and hygiene; food
assistance; and livelihoods. The Minister of Disaster Preparedness, Management and Refugees,
I—Ion. Hillary Onek appreciated the government of Japan for the contribution and assured the
world that Uganda will never build walls to keep away people seeking for shelter and protection.
(UN Uganda Bulletin Vol 13, 28th April 2017).
Most refugees rely on food assistance until they are able to provide for themselves using land the
Ugandan government provides for their use. Refugees receive high-energy biscuits at the border
crossing points and hot meals in transit/reception centers, while they wait to be settled to their
residential plot (Uganda~s solidarity summit on refugees 22-23 June 2017). A settling-in ration is
orovided when refugees move to their new plots and monthly food rations or cash transfers are
provided ihereafter. Refugees also receive supplementary rations of specialized nutritious food to
treat and pievent moderate acute malnutrition. In some areas, refugees and host community
12
farmers are supported to improve post-harvest management both at household and community
level and to access markets for any surplus they produce. The food sector faces a critical
shortage of funds to meet the basic food needs of refugees in Uganda. Because of funding
shortages, around 200,000 people who have been in the country since before mid-2015 are
receiving half rations since August 2016. In May 2017, there was a significant shortage of food
commodities. The lean season in Uganda, coupled with high demands of food in the region
resulted in key commodities such as cereals not arriving on time, leading to distribution delays in
May 2017 and many receiving incomplete food baskets.
With respect to the broader geographic area, according to the February to September 20 17
Outlook by the Famine Early Warming Systems Network (FEWS NET), refugee hosting areas of
Northern Uganda, as well as other parts of the country were most likely to he negatively
impacted by the June 2017 lean season; a result of pooriy distributed rainfall, below-average
production and dwindling food stocks. By July however, per the outlook, food security is
expected to improve to Stressed level (IPC Phase 2) with the predicted green harvest. These
gains are dependent on the impact of the Fall Army Worm (FAW) on crop production in the
country. (Uganda’s solidarity summit on refugees 22-23 June 2017)
Health services are challenged by the increasing influx of refugees. Integration and quality of
services are particularly affected given the high requirements for health care for refugees and the
host population. Refugees comprise more than 50% of the population in some of the districts, all
dependent on available health services. There are gaps in provision of quality integrated sexual
and reproductive health (SRH) services (comprehensive maternal health, family planning and
l-IIV prevention) especially for married women and youth 15 to 24 years. The health workforce is
overstretched, affecting health services delivery. Difficulties in maintaining the cold chain for
vaccines is affecting uptake of routine antigens among refugees also. 43% of health
infrastructures are operating in temporary structures, referral facility capacity is largely
compromised, ambulance fleets are old and inadequate and communicable disease prevention
control still face challenges. (Uganda’s solidarity summit on refugees 22-23 June 2017)
According to a World Bank study, within refugee hosting districts, refugees and nationals face
similar development and basic service delivery challenges. However, relbgee-i mpactecl sub
counties are more vulnerable to shocks than non- impacted areas. This is due to refugees’
13
underlying ~ovei~y in relation to nationals, the demands on already-stressed resources, and
refugees’ limited resilience. The lack of resilience is mainly because their community
organization! social capital is not as robust, their livelihoods are less diverse, and they have less
assets or capital to carry them through difficult periods. For both refugees and host communities,
focus on community resilience ‘can help them better weather the impact of conflict (e.g. new
influx, community tensions), economic shocks (e.g. market price volatility, food ration
reductions) and environmental stress (e.g. drought, climate change) (Uganda’s solidarity summit
on refugees 22-23 June 2017).
Since the beginning of 2012 Uganda has faced a large influx of refugees from the Democratic
Republic of Congo (DRC). Rwamwanja settlement was re-opened by the Ugandan Office of the
Prime Minister (OPM) on the 17 April 201 2 to accommodate these new refugee arrivals from the
DRC. Rwamwanja has a maximum capacity of 55,000 people. (UNHCR Uganda Rwamwan~a
fact sheet 2014).
The security situation in eastern DRC has been volatile since July 2011 causing refugees to cross
into Uganda at a regular rate. However, fresh fighting in April 2012 between break-away militia
the M-23 and the DRC government forces (FARDC) as well as other local armed groups such as
the Mai Mai and the FDLR has uprooted thousands of refugees and caused fresh influxes of
refugees. Despite the defeat of M23 forces in November 2013 refugees continue to cross into
Uganda as a result of continuing insecurity in the region. (UNHCR Uganda Rwamwanja fact
sheet 2014).
Health: Most common diseases in Rwamwanja are malaria, respiratory tract infections and
watery diarrhea. There are also currently high instances of anaemia within the settlement, with
48.8% of women found to be anaemic. There is a health centre 111 at Rwamwanja base camp as
well as a newly constructed health centre II in Kyempango. There are 49 technical health staff on
the ground in the settlement comprising of AHA and local government staff. The clinician to
patient ratio is 1:100. There is one ambulance supported by UNHCR, 1 donated by MSF-F to
Al-IA and 1 provided by TJNFPA for referrals. Emergencies are referred to Fort Portal hospital
some 90km away. Around 170 Village Health teams (VHTs) are also used as a way to reach out
to the refugees outside of clinics and health centres. They are the entry point to health services
14
and help on issues including malaria control and prevention, HIV/Aids, nutrition and hygiene
promotion as well as mobilising the community for general health activities. There are 10 health
outreaches: 6 within the settlement and 4 in the host community. (UNHCR Uganda Rwamwanja
fact sheet 2014)
WASH: Rwarnwanja currently has 55 functional horeholes and shallow wells providing clean
and safe water to the refugees.5 1 of these are installed with hanclpumps, while 4 are motorized
with pipeline distribution to 11 tapstand locations (40 water taps). Water coverage at the end of
2013 was 13 litres per person per day. Rainwater harvesting is also clone at all health centres,
schools and reception centre; reducing the need to truck water to these locations. Household
latrine coverage is currently about 68% (49% of which are to LJNHCR standards) and there are
157 communal latrine stances in various institutions across the settlement (UNHCR Uganda
Rwamwanja fact sheet 2014)
Education: There are 20 early childhood cievelopment centers and child friendly spaces which
are run by Windle Trust Uganda (WTU) and Save the Children. There are 5 primary schools in
the settlement, 3 of which are run by UNHCR/WTU: Rwaimvanja primary, Mahani primary,
Nteziryayo primary and the newest - Kyempango primary. There is I secondary school.
UNHCR, through WTU, has recruited 100 trained teachers across the settlement. Child rights
clubs have been set up in 5 schools in Rwamwanja (Mahani primary, Nteziryayo primary,
Rwamwanja primary, Nkoma church of Uganda primary and Rwamwanja secondary) along with
Parent Teacher Associations (PTAs) and School Management Committees (SMCs). 8,135
refugee children were enrolled ~in 2013, giving 77 % of the total number of school going age
enrolled in primary education. The teacher: pupil ratio is 1:97 and classroom: pupil ratio is
1:145. (U1\THCR Uganda Rwamwanja fact sheet 2014).
SHELTER/SETTLEMENT
The typical journey of a refugee in Uganda is characterized by an entry phase, settlement and
integration phases. During the entry phase, refugees spend between one to three days in a
reception centre, where they undergo health screening, registration of all household members and
are provided with nonfood items. If prima facie refugee status is not granted, a fact sheet for each
15
refugee is generated and used by the Refugee Eligibility Council (REC) to grant or deny refugee
status.
During the settlement phase, land for residential and agricultural use is allocated to refugees.
During the integration phase, refugees can access various services, including education,
healthcare, water, security and protection and agriculture extension services
16
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.0 introduction
This chapter presents in detail the research design, research population, sample size, sampling
procedure, data collection methods, research instruments, validity and reliability, data gathering
procedure, data analysis, ethical considerations and limitations of the study as employed in the
study.
3.1 Research Design
Mouton (2002:74) defines research design as a plan or blueprint of how one intends to conduct
the research. A research design focuses on the end product (research findings); formulates a
research problem and focuses on the logic of the research.
This study used the descriptive cross-sectional survey design. The cross-sectional research is a
research approach in which the researcher investigates the state of affairs in a population at a
certain point in time (Berbie, 2000). instead of using a census or a complete enumeration to get
information in the target population, in practice, the researcher collected data on only a small
part of the population to get information about the sampled elements of the population as a
whole. Very often, the elements in the sample survey are selected at random to make inference
about the population as a whole. Therefore, in the cross-sectional design, it was used to collect
data from different respondents (e.g.camp administrators) at the same period of time.
3.2 Research Population
The research focused on the contribution of UNHCR and refugee welfare in Uganda, a case of
Rwamwanja Refugee settlement camp. The population of the study is a selection of target groups
which are sampled. Population refers to the entire group of people, events or things of interest
that the researcher wishes to investigate (Myers, 2007:33). The target population was a total of
50 respondents including camp administrators, [TNT-ICR staff~ and Refugee leaders in Rwamanja.
The study population of the entire settlement camp is 750000 refugees according to UNHCR
records, 2017).
17
3.3 Sample Size
The researcher used Krejcie and Morgai~ Table (1970) for determining the sample size from the
population; so the researcher selected 57 respondents for the data collection by using that
formula. Given a total population of 57, a sample of 40 respondents was taken as illustrated in
table 3.1
Table 3.1: Respondents of the Study
S/N Categories — Target Population Sample Size
I OPM 11 5
2 UNHCR staff 13 10
3 RWC leaders 18 15
4 LWF leaders 15 10
Total 57 40
Source: Rwamanja Refugees office, 2018
3.4 Sampling Procedure
This study used stratified sampling technique. Stratified sampling technique is a technique that
identifies sub—groups in the population and their proportions and select from each sub-group to
form a sample. It groups a population into separate homogenous sub-sets that share similar
characteristics so as to ensure equitable representation of the population in the sample, Stratified
sampling technique was used to ensure that the target population is divided into different
homogenous strata and that each strata is represented in the sample in a proportion equivalent to
its size in the accessible population. Then the researcher used simple random sampling to select
respondents from each stratum.
3.4.lPurposive sampling
On the other hand. purposive sampling was also used in collecting data from key informants during the
interviews. Purposive sampling is described as a method of sampling where the researcher deliberately
chooses who to include in the study based on their ability to provide necessary data (Parahoo, 1997,
p.232). According to Amin, 2005, p.242; Monette, et al., 2002, p.232, purposive sampling is where the
investigator uses his/her judgment and prior knowledge regarding the participants from whom
information is collected.
18
3.5 Data Collection Methods
The researcher used primary and secondary data collection approaches. Primary data are data
generated from an original source. Primary data was collected through research questionnaire
and interview guide. Secondary data was collected through documentary review.
3.6 Research instruments for Data Collection
Research instruments used in this study include; questionnaire and interview guide. Self
administ~ed questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data, while an interview guide was
used for ~~litative data from key informants. A questionnaire is a set of questions dealing with
some topic or related group of topics, given to a selected group of individuals for the puroses of
gathering information on a problem under consideration.
The questionnaire used was designed for technical people including camp leaders/administrators
and UNHCR staff among others. The Questionnaire was made of both closed and open ended
questions. The questionnaire used in this study was composed of the following:
(A) A set of questions on the demographic characteristics of respondents in terms of gender, age,
educational background and position in the camp.
(B) A set of questions on refugee welfare. Questions in this set were aimed at determining the
level of access to social services in Rwamanja Refugee camp. There were 6 questions in this set;
all of them were researcher madc.
3.7 Interview Guide
The researcher also used interview guide in oicler to supplement the questionnaire. According to
Saunders et al., 2007, an interview guide is the list of questions, topics and issues that the
researcher wants to cover during the interview. This also gives the researcher a sense of order
from which to draw questions from an unplanned encounter.
Interviews were used as part of qualitative data collection method (Cooper & Schindler, 2008).The use of
interviews is advantageous in a way that it enables the researcher to get a wide range of information
which is not captured in the questionnaires especially data that is not directly observable such as inner
experiences, opinions, values and interests (Bryman & Bell,2007).
19
The researcher administered interviews to key informants considered knowledgeable about the
subject matter and people considered important given their positions, for example camp
administrators, UN1-ICR staff among others. The justification for choosing this method was that
the researcher was seeking knowledge about the local leaders’, administrators’ opinion of
refugee we! fare services provided.
The interview guide covered areas on access to education, health services and water among
others. The interview guide was composed of a set of 16 questions on the contribution of
UNCHR and refugee welfare.
3.8 Validity and Reliability of the Instruments
A good measuring instrument such as questionnaire or interview guide should have high validity
and reliability. It should also he practically usable in terms of convenience, appl’opriateness,
storability and interpretability.
3.8,1Validity. Validity is the degree to which results obtained from the analysis of data actually
represents the phenomenon under study (Mugenda and Mugenda, 2003). Validity therefore, has
to do with how accurately the data obtained in the study represents the variables of the study. If
such data is a true reflection of the variables, then inferences based on such data will be accurate
and meaningful. Validity of the research instruments was verified by the researcher through
discussion of the items in the instruments with supervisor.
Using expert judgment, the researcher after designing the questionnaire, gave it to a few experts
in this field. These experts were asked to rate each question and declare whether it was relevant
in mcasL:ring the variable under study. Then the researcher counted the questions declared
relevant (valid) and those declared invalid and computed the content validity index (CVI). The
researcher used CVI to compute the validity of the instrument.
CVI = Number of questions declared validTotal number of questions in the questionnaire
= 6/8 =0.75
20
If the answer of CVI is not less than 0.70 according to Amin, 2005, then the questionnaire is
declared valid, otherwise it will be invalid. The CVI was 0.75 thus the questionnaire was
declared valid.
3.8.2 Reliability: Mugenda and Mugenda (2003) define reliability of an instrument as a measure
of the degree to which a research instrument yields consistent results or data after repeated trials.
Kothari (2004) observes that the reliability of the questionnaires test refers to the ability of that
test to consistently yield the same results when repeated measurements are taken of the same
individual under the same conditions.
The test-retest technique was used to determine the reliability (accuracy) of the researcher
devised instruments to ten qualified respondents, five from technical officers and five individual
refugees. These respondents were not included in the actual study. In this test- retest technique,
the questionnaires were administered twice to the same subjects. Responses from the first time
(test) were compared to responses of the second test (retest) and the results showed no significant
difference, thus the instrument was declared reliable.
3.9 Data Gathering Procedure
The following data collection procedures were implemented:
A. Before the administration Qf the questionnaires
The researcher requested for an introduction letter from the Department of Political and
Administrative Studids to solicit approval to conduct the study from respective authorities of the
area under the study. When approved, the researcher prepared a list of the qualified respondents
from the Camp authorities in charge and used stratified random sampling from this list to arrive
at the minimum sample size; from whom the questionnaires were administered to.
B. During the administration of the questionnaires
The respondents were requested to answer completely and not to leave any part of the
questionnaires unanswered. The researcher also emphasized retrieval of the questionnaires
within 5 clays from the date of distribution, And lastly, all returned questionnaires were checked
to ascertain whether they were all answered.
C. After the administration of the questionnaires
The data collected was organized, coded, summarized, statistically treated and drafted in tables
using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.
21
3.10 Data Analysis
Data analysis usually involves reducing the data collected to a manageable size, developing
summaries and looking for patterns or categories, and applying statistical techniques. To
determine the profile of the respondents, the frequency and percentage distribution were used.
3.11 Ethical Considerations
To ensure confidentiality of the information provided by the respondents and to ascertain the
practice of ethics in this study, the following activities were implemented by the researcher:
Objectivity: The researcher ensured objectivity when carrying out the research and any attempt
to bias results were considered unethical and therefore was avoided.
Respect: The researcher ensured that respect for the respondents was applied. Respect was
encompassed respecting the opinion of the respondents including the opinion to terminate the
interview whenever they would feel uncomfortable to continue, questioning style especially for
very personal and sensitive questions.
Also the researcher promised the respondents that their identity was not to be disclosed as there
was no writing of names on the questionnaires and that everything is to be confidential. The
researcher gave the respondents the truQ facts about the research in order to make informed
decisions about participating or not.
3.12 Limitations of the Studs’
In view o ~ the following threats to validity, measures indicated below were emphasized in order
to minimi~~Jf not to eradicate the threats to the validity of the findings of this study,
Testing: Using research assistants can bring about inconsistency in the administration of
the questionnaires in terms of time of administration, understanding of the items in the
questionnaires and explanations given to the respondents. To minimize this threat, the
research assistants were oriented and briefed on the procedures to be done in data
collection.
• Instrumentation: the research tools were non-standardized hence a validity and reliability
test were done to arrive at a reasonable measuring tool.
22
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.0 Intrc~duction
This chaptei gives presentation of data, analysis and interpretation of results which are given in
tables presented based on the study objectives and corresponding research questions. The chapter
also presents demographic characteristics of respondents and description of the objectives of the
study.
4.1 Demographic characteristics of the respondents
Table 4.1 shows the demographic characteristics of respondents by age group
Age group — Frequency Percentage (%)
21-30 10 - 25
31-40 5 12.5
41 and above 15 37.5
Total 40 100%
Source: Primary data
The results in Table 4.1 shows that 15(37.5%) of the respondents were in the age bracket of 41
and above and these were mainly the RWC leaders who are the leaders of the zone within the
settlement, followed by 10 (25%) of the respondents in the age bracket of 2 1-30 who were
working within the UNHCR offices in the settlement who protect, monitor and support refugees
and 10 (25%) of the respondents in the study who were in the age bracket of 20 and these were
the youth who worked in the LWF office purposely For community services to reiugees~ and
further Table 4.1 reveals that 5 (12.5%) of the respondents in the study were in the age bracket of
31-40 and these were mainly working in the OPM office to monitor and give physical protection
to refugees, indicating that leadership of the resettlement camp is in the hands of experienced
people as well youth who also actively engage in refugee issues in the area.
Age was considered as one of the important variables in the study by the researcher because the
researcher sought to seek responses from a wide range of different age groups that is from men
23
and women. These respondents were selected for accuracy purpose and for this reason; only
respondents who knew how to read and write were selected to fill the questionnaires.
Table 4.2: Showing gender of the respondents
Gender Frequency Percentage (%)
Male 25 62.5
~ Female 15 37.5
~ Total 40 100%
Source: Primary data
The researcher was also interested in getting views from both sexes in order to balance views
about the contribution of UNHCR and refugee welfare in Rwamwaja settlement camp in
Kamwengye district. Table 4.2 above shows that 25(62.5%) of the respondents in the study were
men whereas 15(37.5%) were female, indicating males dominance in refugee activities in the
camp. The high percentage of men~s respondents also implies the compatibility of men support
towards refugees in Rwamwanja settlement camp.
Table 4.3 shows marital status
Marital status Frequency Percentage (%)
Married 20 50% —
Single —- 10 25%
Separate~ 5 12.5%
Others — 5 12.5%
Total 40 100%
Source: Primary data
The results in Table 4.3 above shows that majority of the respondents 20 (50%) were married
people, followed by 10 (25%), followed by 5 (12.5%) for both separated and others respectively,
indicating that the respondents in the area uphold the institution of marriage seriously because it
is believed that stable families promote peace and development in the area.
24
Table 4.4 shows the educational level of the respondents
Educational level of the respondents Frequency Percentage (%)
Certificai~ 5 12.5
Diploma 10 25
~ Degree 20 25
Others 5 12.5
Total 40 100%
Source: Primary data
Education level of respondents
The study findings from Table 4.4 reveals that most of the respondents 25% Degree and 25%
Diploma) had attained the education level of both Degree and Diploma, followed by certificate
level (12.5%) and others (12.5%) respectively, indicating a fairly educated workforce in the
refugee camp.
Table 4.5 showing the position
Position Frequency Percentage (%)
Camp leaders 15 37.5%
Administrators 25 62.5%
Total 40 100%
Source: Primary data
Table 4.5 shows that majority of the respondents (62.5%) held the position of administrators in
the camp, followed by 37.5% who held the position of camp leaders, indicating that most work
in the camp is in administration which involves monitoring, supervision and delivery of services
to the refugees in the camp.
4.2 The contribution of UNHCR towards refugee welfare
The variable of the study was reftigee welfare, and objective for this study was to assess the
status of refugee welfare in Rwamwanja refugee settlement camp. Refugee welfare in this study
was conceptualized as access to health, water, education, sanitation, food and shelter among
25
others. This section presents the responses of the respondents on the individual components of
refugee welfare. The j~~ei~,retations wore based on the frequency and percentages as given in the
tables.
4.2.1 Access to health services
On whether UNHCR provided the camp with health facilities or services, was examined using a
structured questionnaire with responseS of Yes and No. The respondents were requested to rate the extent
to which they agreed with the question on whether ~HCR provided the camp with health facilities or
services. The responseS of the respondents were analyzed using frequencY and percentage scores as
shown in the Table 4.2.1
Table 4.2.1 RespoilSes on access to health facilities and services by UNHCRPerccntagc(%)
health facilitieS/Ser~hices
Source: Primary data
The results in Table 4.2.1 sho\ved that 30 (75%) oF the respondents in the study said Yes that
they receive health support from UNHCR in partner with HAS from health centers (i.e.Health
Centres I to Health Centres lIT) in the area, while 10 (25%) of the respondents in the study said
NO, indicating that they don’t receive health support from ~HCR or there are challenges to
accessing health services in the refugee camp. The results indicate that UNHCR contributeS
greatly in ensuring that refugees have access to health facilities and services in the host areas
though it is not adequate to all refugees in the area. The above arguments are supported by
responses from Key informants and discussions held with camp leaders and beneficiaries
(refugees) themselves. For example one camp leader from Rwamwaflja settlement camp had this
to say:
“UNHcR contributes sign~fIca;1tlY iii prOV1d111~ health services to the refugees in the
camp with help ofpartners by establishiiig health centres and ensuring that the ,7ledicalpersollilel are in place as well
Another respondent from the refugee camp (reftigee leader) had this to say;26
As we refugees do appreciate the e/j~rls put in place by UNHCR in ensluing that ne
H~n’e access to health services; however, these health fiicilities and services are not
adequate and at times we fail to gel any drugfroni the available health centres in the
camp “.
4.2.2 Access to water
On whether UNI-{CR provided the camp with saib drinking water, \vaS examined using a structured
c1uestionnaire with responses of Yes and No. The respondents were requested to rate the extent to which
they agreed or disagree with the question on whether UNHCR provides the camp with safe \vater. The
responses of the respondents were analyzed using frequency and percentage scores as shown in the Table
4.2.2 below.
Table 4.2.2: Responses on access to water facilities by UNHCR
[ Does UNHCR Provide the Frequencycamp with water
Yes
No
Total
Source: Primary data
From Table 4.2.2 it is demonstrated that majority of the respondents 35 (87.5%) in Rwamanja
settlement camp strongly agreed to the question that (Yes) that they receive and have access to
water facilities which are provided by UNHCR which include bore holes and Tap water in the
area, indicating a relatively high access to water; while 5 (12.5%) of the respondents in the study
said NO, indicating that they have access to water provided by UNHCR or hut there could be
challenges to accessing water services in the refugee camp, which may include the distance and
quality of water accessed. The findings are supported by responses from Key inlbrmants on the
source of safe water. For example one camp leader from Rwamwanja settlement camp had this to
say: “UNfrI~R provides accessible water in the camp by constructing bore holes
And public water taps in settlement camp.
27
Additionally another respondent (beneficiary) had reservations about accessing safe water in thecamp and had this to say:
“UN//Cl? provides wa/er to us (re/ligees) hut most of it is di-au’n/)oiii boreholes
constructed in the camp but it is not good and the horehoies are scarce/v situated
from our shelters
From the observation above, it is clear that access to safe water is a challenge in the settlementcamp.
4.2.3 Access to education services
On whether UNIICR provides the canw with education services, was examined using a structured
questionnaire with responses of Yes and No. The respondents were requested to rate the extent to which
they agreed or disagree with the question on whether they have access to education services provided by
UNIICR in the camp. The responses of the respondents were analyzed using frequency and percentage
scores as shown in the Table 4.2.3
Table 4.2.3: Responses on access to education services by UNHCR
Does UNHCR provide Frequency Percentage (%)
education services in the camp
Yes 40 100%
No Nil
Total —~ 40 100%
Source: Primary data
The results in Table 4,2.3 reveals that collectively all the respondents (100%) in Rwamanja
settlement camp strongly agreed to the question that (Yes) that they have access to education
services as provided by UNHCR, most especially Primary education, indicating a relatively high
accessibility to school and education services by children of refugees in the camp as a
fundamental human right which should be enjoyed by everyone whether a refugee or other
people in the host communities. The findings are supported by responses from Key informants
on whether refugees have access to education provided by UNHCR. For example one camp
administrator from Rwamwanj a settlement camp had this to say:
Children of refitgees in Rwainwa;Ua settlement camp have access to education services
28
o;cvidecl by UI’/IIC’R and other partnecs’ as way to improve their welfare and standards
of Ii ring “.
Another camp leader had this to say:
“Access to education is afiindamenta/ human right which should be enjo ed by a/i
accorduig to United Nations and the Ref~gee Act 2006 and Refugee regulations 2010,
thus refugees within host communities have access to the same pub/ic services
a~ nationals such as access to school and education services “.
4.2.4. Toilet and other sanitation services provided by UNHCR
On whether UNHCR provides the camp with toilet and other sanitation services, was examined using a
structured questionnaire with responses of Yes and No. The respondents were requested to rate the extent
to which they agreed or disagree with the question on whether they have access to toilet services provided
by UNI-ICR in the camp. The responses of the beneficiaries are h~reby shown in Table below. The
responses of the respondents were analyzed using frequency and percentage scores as shown in the Table
4.2.4
Table 4.2.4: Responses on access to toilet and other sanitation services by UNFICR
Does UNHCR provide toilet Frequency Percentage (%)
and other sanitation services
in the camp
Yes 40 100%
No - Nil
Total ~
Source: Primary data
The results in Table 4.2.4 reveals that collectively all the respondents (100%) in Rwamanja
settlement camp strongly agreed to the question that (Yes) they have access to toilet and other
sanitation services provided by UNHCR, most especially pit latrine stances as a way to improve
hygiene and sanitation in the camp. This could be attributed to great attachment UNI-ICR have
towards sanitation and this is further attributed to awareness campaigns by UNHCR staff and
camp leaders among refugees about the importance of sanitation. The findings are supported by
responses from Key informants on whether refugees have access to toilet and sanitation services
29
provided by UNHCR. For example one camp administrator from Rwamwanja settlement camp
had this to say:
“UNHcR values the issue ofhygiene and sanitation and for that matter has contributed
to providingpit latrines in the camp
Additionally, one refugee leader also had this to say:
The re/i igees in the camp have access to pit latrines constructed by UNHCR however,
these facilities are not enough/or us given the numbers of re/iigees in the camp
4.2.5.Acccss to shelter support from UNHCR
On whether UNHCR provides the refugees with shelter support, was examined using a structured
questionnaire with responses of Yes and No. The respondents were requested to rate the extent to which
they agreed or disagree with the question on whether they get shelter support from UN-ICR in the camp.
The responses of the beneficiaries are hereby shown in Table below. The responses of the
respondents were analyzed using frequency and percentage scores as shown in the Table 4.2.5 below.
Table 4.~5: Responses on shelter support from UNHCR
Does U~’HCR provide Frequency Percentage (%)
shelter support
Yes 40 100%
No —- Nil
~_Total 40 — 100%
Source: Primary data
The results in Table 4.2.5 revealed that unanimously all the respondents (100%) in Rwamanja
settlement camp strongly agreed to the question that (Yes) they get shelter support from
UNHCR, most especially in terms of land for settlement; tarpaulin (Canvas covers) used in
shelter their temporary structures among others. The findings are supported by responses from
Key informants on whether refugees get shelter support from UNHCR. For example one camp
administrator from Rwamwai~ a ~ettlement camp had this to say:
UNIICR provides shelter support to re/iigees as part ofsettleinent phase which includes
30
land for residential and agricultural use is allocated to refugees plus also tents and
blankets as they settle down “.
This is supported by refugees themselves who acknowledged getting shelter support from
UNHCR officials on ground. For example one had to say that:
“On arrival in the camp we are given blankets and tents to accommodate us
teinporartly
4.2.6. Getting food support from UNI-ICR
On whether UNHCR provides the refugees with food support. was examined using a structured
questionnaire with responses of Yes and No. The respondents were requested to rate the extent to which
they agreed or disagree with the question on whether they get food support from UNHCR in the camp.
The responses of the beneficiaries are hereby shown in Table below. The responses of the
respondents were analyzed using frequency and percentage scores as shown in the Table 4.2.6 below.
Table 4.2.6: Responses on food support from UNHCR
Does UNHCR provide food Frequency Percentage(%)
support
Yes 39 97.5%
No 1
Total 1 00%
Source: Primary data
The results in Table 4.2.6 shows that majority of the all the respondents (97.5°/a) in Rwamanja
settlement camp strongly agreed to the question that (Yes) they get food support from UN F-ICR,
most especially in terms of iosho and beans rations. 1-lowever, 2.5 % of the respondents were
none committal citing inadequate and insufficient rations. The findings are supported by
responses from Key informants on whether refugees get• ~foo~ support from UN I-ICR. For
example one camp administrator from Rwamwanja settlement camp had this to say:
“UIVHCR provides/àod relief to the refugees in the camp as part of settlement j~1iase
which include some kilogrammes ofposho and beans”
More so, one beneficiary (refugee) had this to say: “We get jöod rations from UN/-ICR but the)’
are hardly enough especially households with more Members “.
31
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION OF TI-IE FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0 Introduction
This chapter comprises the discussion of fndings, conclusions and recommendations; areas for
further research.
5.1 Discussion of the study findings
The nature of the contribution of UNFICR and refugee welfare
The variable of the study was refugee welfare, and objective for this siudy was to assess the
status of refugee welfare in Rwamwanja refugee settlement camp. Refugee welfare in this study
was conceptualized as access to health, water, education, sanitation, food and shelter among
others. This section presents the discussion of the findings in relation to the responses of the
respondents on the individual components of refugee welfare.
To assess~ the contribution of UNHCR towards health services
On access to health services, the study findings (Table 4.2.1) revealed showed thai 30 (75%) of
the respondents in the study said Yes that they receive health support from UNHCR in partner
with HAS from health centers (i.e.I-Iealth Centres Ito Health Centres III) in the area, while 10
(25%) of the respondents in the study said NO, indicating that they don’t receive health support
from UNHCR or there are challenges to accessing health services in the refugee camp. The
results indicate that UNHCR contributes greatly in ensuring that refugees have access to health
facilities and services in the host areas though it is not adequate to all refugees in the area. The
findings are in agreement with the responses from Key informants and discussions held with
camp leaders and beneficiaries (refugees) themselves. For example one camp leader from
Rwamwanja settlement camp had this to say:
“UNI-IcR contributes sign~fIcantly in providing health services to the refugees iii thecamp with help ofpartners by establishing health centres and ensliring that the medicalpersonnel are in place as well
Another respondent from the refugee camp (refugee leader) had this to say;
32
14’e refugees do appreciate the efforts put iii p/ace by UZVHCR in ensuring that we
have access to health services, however, these health fitcilities and services are not
adequate and at times we fOil to get any drug from the available health centres in the
camp “.
The findings of the study are corroborated by UNDP Report. 2017(Uganda’s contribution to
refugee protection and management ,UNDP 20 I 7~ which contends that during the integration
phase, refugees can access various services, including education, healthcare, water, security and
protection and agriculture extension services. More so, the findings are in agreement with the
UNHCR Uganda, Rwamwanja Fact Sheet, 2014 which revealed that there is a health ce~~tre Ill at
Rwairnvanja base camp as well as a newly constructed health centre 11 in Kyempango. There are
49 technical health staff on the ground in the settlement comprising of Al-IA and local
government staff. The clinician to patient ratio is I: 100. There is one ambulance supported by
UNHCR, 1 donated by MSF~F to AHA and I provided by UNFPA for referrals. Emergencies are
referred to Fort Portal hospital some 90km away, indicating inadequacies in health services in the
settlement camp as pomted out by key informants.
To examine the contribution of UNHCR towards provision of water services
On the contribution of UNHCR towards access to water services, the study Onclings (Table 4.2.2)
showed majority of the of the respondents 35 (87.5%) in Rwamanja settlement camp strongly
agreed to the question that (Yes) that they receive and have access to water facilities which are
provided by UNJ-ICR which include bore holes and Tap water in the area, indicating a relatively
high access to water; while 5 (12.5%) of the respondents in the study said NO, indicating that
they have access to water provided by UNHCR or but there could be challenges to accessing
water services in the refugee camp, which may include the distance and quality of water
accessed. The findings are supported by responses from Key informants on the source of safe
water. For example one camp leader from Rwarnwanja settlement camp had this to say:
“UNHcR provides accessible water in the camp by constructing bore holes
And public water taps in settlement camp.
33
Additionally another respondent (beneficiary) had reservations about accessing safe water in thecamp and had this to say:
~‘UNJJC2? provides water to us (re/itgees) hut most a/il is drawn f~oni boreholes
constructed in the camp but it is not good and the boreholes are scarcely situated
from our shelters”
From the observation above, it is clear that access to safe water is relatively available in thesettlement camp.
The above findings are corroborated by UNHCR Uganda, Rwamwanja Fact Sheet, 2014 which
revealed that Rwamwanja settlement camp currently has 55 functional horeholes and shallow
wells providing clean and safe water to the refugees.5 1 of these are installed with handpumps,
while 4 are motorized with pipeline distribution to 11 tapstand locations (40 water taps). Water
coverage at the end of 2013 was 13 litres per person per day. Rainwater harvesting is also done
at all health centres, schools and reception centre; reducing the need to truck water to these
ocati on s.
Furthermore, the study findings are also supported by UNDP Report, 2017 which contends that
during the integration phase, refugees can access various services, including water .This is also
corroborated by the 2006 Refugee Act and 2010 Refugee Regulations allow for integration of
refugees within host communities with refugees having access to the same public services as
nationals; (GoU strategic frame work, 2017.
To establish the role of UNHCR in providing access to education services
On whether TJNFICR provides the camp with education services, the study findings in Table 4.2.3
revealed that collectively all the respondents (100%) in Rwamanja settlement camp strongly
agreed to the question on whether UNT-ICR provides education services; that they have access to
education services as provided by UNHCR, most especially Primary education, indicating a
relatively high accessibility to school and education services by children of refugees in the camp
as a fundamental human right which should be enjoyed by everyone whether a refugee or other
people in the host communities. The findings are supported by responses from Key informants
34
on whether refugees have access to education provided by UNHCR. For example one camp
administrator from Rwamwanj a settlement camp had this to say:
Children ofrefugees in Rwamwanja settlement camp have access to education services
provided by UNHCR and other partners as way to improve their we/fire and standards
/lw~ng “.
Another camp leader had this to say:
“Access to education is aJimclamental huincin right which should be enjoyed by all
according to United Nations and the Refugee Act 2006 and 1?c/i igee regulations 2010,
thus refugees within host conmiunities have access to the same public services
as nationals such as access to school and education services “.
More so, the study findings are in agreement with the findings of the World Bank Group (20 1 6)
study which established that Education services can be divided into three parts-primary,
secondary, and tertiary. Primary education is provided in the settlements free of cost, emulating
Uganda’s Universal Primary Education policy. The costs for the infrastructure, equipment, and
the recruitment and payment of the teaching staff for these settlement schools are funded by
UN NCR and other international agencies. The government of Uganda provides the curriculum
for all the settlement primary schools, and rcfugee children also benefit fiom Universal Primary
Education funding. However, the study curriculum, instruction language, and materials present a
challenge because refugees come from countries with quite different educational environments.
And while the government of Uganda, with the support of UNHCR, has succeeded in providing
primary education, but secondary education remains challenging clue to tuition and other fees
that refugees cannot afford. They remain dependent on funding from UNHCR, which can only
support a small number of students.
Furthermore, this is also consistent with the Refugee Act where it is established that the
government of Uganda provides primary education to refugees under the provision of the
Refugees Act requiring that refugees receive the same treatment as nationals. This is also
consistent with the 1 95 1 Refugee Convention on Education, which states: ~‘the Contracting
States shall accord to refugees the same treatment as is accorded to nationals with respect to
elementary education.”
35
Relatedly, documentary review shows that there are 20 early childhood development centers and
child friendly spaces which are run by Windle Trust Uganda (WTU) and Save the Children.
There are 5 primary schools in the settlement, 3 of which are run by UNHCR/WTU: Rwamwanja
primary, Mahani primary, Nteziryayo primary and the newest — Kyempango primary. There is I
secondary school.
To identify the role of UNHCR in extending toilet and other sanitation services
On whether UNHCR provides the camp with toilet and other sanitation services, Table 4,2.4 revealed
that collectively all the respondents (100%) in Rwamanja settlement camp strongly agreed to the
question that (Yes) they have access to toilet and other sanitation services provided by UNHCR,
most especially pit latrine stances as a way to inwrove hygiene and sanitation in the camp. This
could be attributed to great attachment UNHCR have towards sanitation and this is further
attributed to awareness campaigns by UN I—ICR staff and camp leaders among refugees about the
importance of sanitation. The findings are supported by responses from Key informants who said
that “UlvHcI? values the issue of hygiene and sanitation and/hr that matter has contributed
to providing pit latrines in the camp “.
Additionally, one refugee leader also had this to say:
The refugees in the cam~~ lime access in pit latrines constructed hr UNJICI? however,
these hci!ities are not enough for its given the iuimbenc of re/ligees in the camp
The findings of the study are further supported by IJNI-{CR Uganda-Rwamwanja Fact Sheet,
2014 which revealed that in Rwamwanj a settlement camp Household latrine coverage is
currently about 68% (49% of which are to UNHCR standards) and there are 157 communal
latrine stances in various institutions across the settlement.
To assess the role of UNHCR in providing shelter support to refugees
On whether UNHCR ~~‘ovides the refugees with shelter support, the results in Table 4.2.5 revealed
that unanimously all the respondents (100%) in Rwamanja settlement camp strongly agreed to
that they get shelter support from UNHCR, most especially in terms of land for settlement;
tarpaulin (Canvas covers) used in shelter their temporary structures among others. The t~ndings
are supported by responses from Key informants who acknowledged that refugees get shelter
36
support from TJNHCR. For example one camp administrator from Rwannvanja settlement camp
said that TJNHCR provides shelter support to refugees as part of settlement phase which includes
land for residential and agricultural use is allocated to refugees plus also tents and blankets as
they settle down.
The above response is supported by refugees themselves who acknowledged getting shelter
support from UNHCR officials on ground on arrival in the camp which includes allocation of
land for settlement, blankets and tents to accommodate them temporarily. Additionally, the study
findings are supported by the 2006 Refugee Act and 2010 Refugee Regulations allow for
integration of refugees within host communities with refugees having access to the same public
services as nationals. They have freedom of movement and are free to pursue livelihood
opportunities, including access to the labour market and to establish businesses, go to school, and
access to documentation; they are aiso allocated land for shelter and agricultural use. These laws
ensure the dignity of the individual and provide patlnvays for refugees to become self-reliant
(GoU strategic frame work, 2017). More so, the findings are in agreement with UNDP Report,
201 7 which revealed that during the settlement phase, land for residential and agricultural use is
allocated to refugees in the host communities. The report further shows refugees in Uganda do
not live in camps. Instead, they live in settlements and are provided plots of land for agricultural
use to achieve self-reliance. This policy extends to all refugees, regardless of ethnicity or country
of origin.
More so, the findings of the study are in line with UNHCR Uganda-Rwamwanja Fact Sheet,
2014 which shows that support is provided to refugees through distribution of non-food items,
construction of shelters for people with specific needs (PSNs) and psychosocial support to
vulnerable refugees. Vulnerable groups include the elderly, people with disabilities, single
parents, unaccompanied/separated children, people with medical conditions and children at risk.
To identify whether UNI-ICR contributes to giving food support to refugees
On whether UNHCR provides the refugees with food support, the study findings revealed in
Table 4.?.6 that majority of the all the respondents (97.5%) in Rwamanja settlement camp
37
strongly agreed that they get food support from UNHCR, most especially in terms of 1,osho and
beans rations. However, 2.5 % of the respondents were non committal citing inadequate and
insufficient rations. The findings are supported by responses from Key informants who said that
UNHCR provides food relief to the refugees in the camp as part of settlement phase which
includes posho and beans.However,some respondents especially the beneficiaries said whereas
they get food support the rations are insufficient especially households with more members. The
findings are supported by UNHCR Uganda- Rwamwanja Fact Sheet, 2014 which points out that
newly arrived refugees receive a plot of land (50 metres x 50 metres) and basic necessities
including jerry cans, mats, treated poles, hoes, saucepans, plastic sheeting, mosquito nets,
slashers. pangas, soap, rope, and food as well as sanitary materials for women. The Fact sheet
further reveals that newly arrived reftigees are initially housed in Mahani reception centre (RC)
where they receive 2 hot meals daily until allocated plots of land.
5.2 ConclusIons
Basing on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn; on assessing the
contribution of UNHCR towards access to health services; it is concluded that UNHCR
contributes greatly in ensuring that refugees have access to health facilities and services in the
host areas by setting up health centres among others, though it is not adequate to all refugees in
the area.
The contribution of UNHCR towards access to water services
On the contribution of UNKCR towards access to water services, it is concluded that in
Rwamana settlement camp and the refugees in the area have access to water facilities which are
provided by UNHCR which incluae bore holes and Tap water in the area, indicating a relatively
high access to water; although access to water services provided by UNHCR in Rwamanja
settlement camp has greatly improved the welfare of refugees, water accessibility is limited,
there are inadequacies in accessing water services in the refugee camp, which may include the
distance and quality of water.
38
Access to education services
On access to education it is concluded that UNI-ICR provides the camp with education services most
especially Primary education, indicating a relatively high accessibility to school and education
services by children of refugees in the camp as a fundamental human right which should be
enjoyed by everyone whether a refugee or other people in the host communities.
Toilet and other sanitation services provided by UNHCR
On provision of toilet and other sanitation services, it is concluded that UNHCR significantly
contributes to providing toilet and other sanitation services, most especially pit latrine stances as
a way to improve hygiene and sanitation in the camp; although access to having toilet and
sanitation services has improved standards of living in Rwamwanja camp, its accessibility and
lam litics arc not adequate.
Getting food support from UNHCR
On whether UNHCR provides the refugees with food support, the conclusion is that 1JNHCR
provides food support to refugees most especially in terms of posho and beans rations; however,
the respondents cited inadequate and insufficient rations.
5.3 Recommendations
It is imperative that the Government of Uganda and hosting Local Governments should mobilize
for more resources especially funds that are vital in re -settlement of refugees in the area to
supplement of UNHCR’s efforts, by setting aside a special emergency fund for refugee
settlement and welfare.
There is need for Government of Uganda in collaboration with UNHCR to improve referral and
health services. This is because the current situation in the study area is still challenging to the
host communities, refugees and medical personnel, for example the available few Health Centres
II and III are ill equipped and experience constant drug stock-outs which makes access to health
services by host communities and refugees an uphill task. The recommendation can be attained
by Government of Uganda putting up at least more health centres in the area which would go a
long wa: in enabling refugees to seek health services since services and facilities \vouldl be
v~’ithin their ieach.
39
There is need for UNHCR to work closely with the host country and communities in providing
access to education services by embracing the local education system especially government
programmes like Universal Primary Education and Universal Secondary which will go a long
way in enabling the refugees to have access to education as a fundamental right which is in line
with United Nations and Refugee Act 2006 and Refugee regulations 2010, which enables
refugees within host communities to have access to the same public services as nationals such as
access to school and education services.
Access to safe water needs to be improved by both Central and Local Governments and in
collaboration with UNHCR and its partners in Rwamanja refugee settlement camp. This is
because the current situation leaves out many refugees from access to safe water especially in the
area since refugees lack piped water and some local wells may dry up in the dry spells in the
area. In this way, access to safe water will be guaranteed to most refugees and host communities.
To achieve this, both the Government of Uganda, local hosting communities (Local
Governments) should tap potential water SOU~CCS in the area, augment construction of’ bore holes,
prioritize the need for having access to safe water through increased funding, thus making water
accessible to many refugees which is critical for human survival.
5.4 Areas of further research
The study was based on the district of Kamwenge thus similar studies to this one may be
conducted in other districts of Uganda or other l)al’ts of the country such as Northern and Central
and regions which host refugees to help in examining the role of LJNHCR in improving refugees
welfare.
The study recommends further studies be carried out on the problems facing refugees host
communities in Uganda.
40
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Makerere University printery.
Barbie, E and Mouton, J. (2000)~ The practice ofsocial research. Cape Town: Oxford University
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Bryman,A.& Bell,E. (2007). Business research methods (‘2h1d1 ed~. Oxford University Press.
Cooper, D.R. & Schindler, P.S. (2008). Business research methods (‘8” ed). McGraw-Hill Higher
Eclucat ion
GoU and the World Bank (201 7). ReHoPE -— Refugee and host population cmpo~~’erment,Strategic Framework Uganda
GoU and UNHCR (2016). Uganda Protection and Solutions Strategy
GoU and UNHCR .(20 17). Uganda: 2017 Refugee Humanitarian Needs Overview
GoU, 2006 Refugee Act
GoU, 2010 Refugee Regulations
GoU, UNHCR and the World Bank. (2016). An Assessment of Uganda’s Progressive Approachto Refitgee Management
IMF (2016). The refugee surge in Europe: Economic challenges
Kothari, C. R, (2004). Research Methodology, MethoJ~ and Techniques, Delhi, India: New Age
International Publishers.
Monette,D.R.,Sullivan,T.J.& Dejong,C.R.(2002). Applied social research: Tool Jhr the human
services (5th ed). South Melbourne,Victoria,Australia:ThomSofl learning,Inc.
Myers, G. (2007), Research Methodology for all; BTech within the faculty of commerce: Study
Guid~e. Durban University of Technology: Durban.
Mouton, J. (2002). Understanding social research. Pretoria: van Schaik.
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Mugenda & Mugenda, (2003). Research Methods, Quantitative and Qualitative
Approach. Nairobi: Acts Press.
Parahoo, K. (1997). Nunlng research; principles, process and Lisues. Londoit Macmillan.
SaundersM., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A.(2007).Research methods for business students (4th e4).
London: Prentice Hall.
The World Bank Group,(2016).An Assessment ofUganda ~v Progressive Approach to RefugeeManagementWasbington,D.C.
UN Ugan,di Bulletin voL 13,28th April,2017.
United l4ätions Development Programme (UNDP). (2017). Uganda ‘s contribution to Refugeeprotection and management.
UNHCR Uganda.(2014).RwamwanJa Fact Sheet.
Winnie, W; Claire, S & Ivan, 0. (2017).Uganda ‘s refugee management approach within the
EACpollcyframework
42
APPENDIX: 1
QUESTIONNAIRE: GENERAL QUESTIONNAIRE ON REFUGEE WELFARE
INSTRUCTIONS:
I am Kom’uhangi Hildah a Bachelor student at Kampala International University. I am carrying
out a research on the topic “The Contribution of UNHCR and Refugee Wejfare in Uganda;
Rwamanja Settlement camp’~ You are being requested to be part of this research by answering
the questionnaire attached. Kindly fill in the questionnaire as objectively as you can. On my part,
I promise you absolute confidentiality on whatever information you may provide. The
information you provide here, shall be used strictly for this research.
Answer the questions as appropriate by filling in blank spaces or ticking your choice of answer.
SECTION A: BIO DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS
1. Age of respondents
LBelow2O[J 2. 21-30 [] 3.31-40 C] 4.41&abovC]
2. Gender 1. Female C] 2. Male C]
3. Marital status
I. Married C] 2. Single C] 3. Separate C] 4. Others C]
4. Level ofeducation
1. 2. 3. 4.
Certificate C] Diploma C] Degree C] Others C]
5. Positic~.n
43
Section B: Refugee welfare
Direction: You are kindly requested to answer appropriately basing on the following services ashonest as you can
I. Does ~HCR provide the camp with health facilities or services. Yes
No
If Yes, which health services do you receive fromUN 11CR
2. Does ~HCR provide the camp with water? Yes
No
If Yes, which water services do you receive (e.g public tap, borehole etc)
3.I)o you have access to education services Yes
NoD
if Yes, which education services do youreceive
4.Does UNHCR provide Toilet facilities and other sanitation services to the camp
Yes
44
NoD
If Yes, which sanitation services do you receive (covered pit latrine, mobile toilet)
4. Do you receive shelter support from UNHCR? Yes
No
If yes which kind of shelter support
5. Do you get food support from UNHCR? Yes
No
If yes, which kind of foodsupport
45
APPENDIX II
AN INTERVIEW GUIDE FOR FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION/INDIVIDUAL INDEPTHINTERVIEWS IN RWAMANJA REFUGEE SETTLEMENT CAMP.
Topics for discussion
‘ Do you have access to social services (Education, health water ete),
o What kind of social services are provided in the camp’?
o Challenges to provision! access to social services.
o How often do you provide/receive these services?
• Sources of water in the camp.
Do you provide education services to refugees
o To what level do they access education services?
What is the latrine coverage in the area
• What health facilities do exist in the area?
o What challenges do people face in accessing them?
o How is the camp managed
o I-low do you cope with the challenges?
o You carry out awareness campaigns among the refugees and local peoile about the
programmes or services to be provided
o Do you have adequate resources required to provide services in the area
o Are Local authorities involved in welfare activities of refugees
46
APPENDIX III
KREJCIE AND MORGAN’S TABLE
N S N S N~Th N S N~S
‘ 10 10 100 80 280 162 800 ~ö~5o 338
15 14 110 86 290 165 850 265 3000 341
20 19 120 92 300 169 900 269 3500 246
25 24 130 97 320 175 950 274 4000 351
30 28 140 103 340 181 1000 278 4500 351
35 32 150 108 360 186 1100 285 5000 357
40 36 160 113 380 181 1200 291 6000 361
45 40 180 118 400 196 1300 297 7000 364
50 44 190 123 420 201 1400 302 8000 367
55 48 200 127 440 205 1500 306 9000 368
60 52 210 132 460 210 1600 310 10000 373
65 56 220 136 480 214 - 1700 313 15000 375
70 59 230 140 500 217 1800 317 20000 377
75 63 240 144 550 225 1900 320 30000 379
80 66 250 148 600 234 2000 322 40000 380
85 70 260 152 650 242 2200 327 50000 381
90 73 270 155 700 248 2400 331 75000 382
95 ~76 270 159 750 256 2600 335 ~ 384I -__
Note: “N” is poputation
“S’~ is sample size
47