Seite 129.6.16
The Economics of Land Degradation
in Central Asia. Progress Report
Rakhat Sabyrbekov,American University of Central Asia
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
2 29.6.16
The Economics of Land Degradation
A global initiative for sustainable land management
ELD Vision:
“To transform global understanding of the economic value
of productive land based on both market and non-market
values, and to improve stakeholder awareness for
socio-economic arguments to improve sustainable land
management, prevent the loss of natural capital, preserve
ecosystem services, combat climate change, and address
food, energy, and water security.”
3 29.6.16
The Economics of Land Degradation
A global initiative for sustainable land management
Goals of the ELD Initiative in Central Asia
- Provide an economic valuation of losses from land degradation
and their primary ecosystem services triggered by human activity
- Examine economic efficiency and present main options for
practices/techniques for sustainable land use with consideration
given to applicability and feasibility
- Improve awareness of decision makers and capacity of local
specialists in applying analysis and economic valuation of
ecosystems for decision making
4
ELD CARegional Report
National Report
ELD
KAZ
National Report
ELD
UZB
National Report
ELD
TUK
National Report
ELD
TAJ
National Report
ELD
KRG
Global ELD
NetworkELD Regional
Coordinator
ELD in Central Asia –
A Multi-Partner Initiative
ELD
Secretariat
ICARDA
Kazles Project,
Innovative Science
Institute,
UNDP BioFin
GIZ Flermoneca
State Agrarian
University
GIZ Flermoneca
ICARDA Regional
Office
Union of
Economists of
Turkmenistan,
National Desert,
Flora and Fauna
Institute
National
Biodiversity Center
Institute of Soil
GIZ Flermoneca
Cadaster
Directorate
RECCA (national
project)
GIZ Flermoneca
RECCA
UNDP
GIZ
World Bank
FAO
ICSD
5
Country Ecosystem
Kyrgyzstan High-mountain pasture
Tajikistan Foothills and low
mountains
Kazakhstan Forests and rain-fed
arable farming
Turkmenistan Lowland pastures
Uzbekistan Irrigated agriculture
ELD in Central Asia – an elevation approach
Seite 629.6.16
ELD pilot areas in Central Asia
• Identify main
causes of, and
losses from,
land
degradation
• Estimate costs
of the
degradation of
land and
ecosystem
services
• Prepare a
substantiation
for alternatives
for sustainable
land
management
http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/40/7240-004-2F862B56.jpg
7 29.6.16
The Economics of Land Degradation
A global initiative for sustainable land management
This work is unique in that it:• Applies a comprehensive approach
– Accounting for all types of vital activities in a certain type of ecosystem
• Incorporates environmental parameters into the economic valuation– Climatic parameters
• Performs a full economic analysis of specific alternative scenarios– Based on market data
8 29.6.16
The Economics of Land Degradation
A global initiative for sustainable land management
Preliminary results for
Kazakhstan:- The Bakanak Forestry
InstitutionA potential for an increase in the use of ecosystem services of desert forests
56,50
57,00
57,50
58,00
58,50
59,00
59,50
2017г 2018г 2019г
Total value of ecosystem services in Bakanas, USD per hectare
9 29.6.16
The Economics of Land Degradation
A global initiative for sustainable land management
Preliminary results for
Kyrgyzstan:Three pilot areas: Chon Aksuu, Kyzyl-Unkur, Son-KulIntroducing a sustainable pasture use, reducing pressures and recovering pastures
$3 000 000
$3 500 000
$4 000 000
$4 500 000
$5 000 000
$5 500 000
$6 000 000
$6 500 000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Total benefits: Baseline and Alternative scenarios
Current use Total benefits
Alternative scenatio Total benefits
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The Economics of Land Degradation
A global initiative for sustainable land management
Example: Pastures of Son-Kul
Livestock farming, 55%
Potable water, 0%
Biofuel, 0%
Carbon sequestration,
12%
Tourism, 31%
Community-based tourism,
2%
Share of ecosystems
Ecosystems USD
Livestock farming 6 702 948
Potable water 6 357
Biofuel 26 069
СО2 sequestration 1 451 313
Tourism 3 771 429
Community-based
tourism
299 000
Total 12 257 114
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The Economics of Land Degradation
A global initiative for sustainable land management
Preliminary results for
Tajikistan: Faizabad district“A comprehensive approach to irrigated arable farming (no-till), improving land use (intensive gardens), and improving pastures (+ protection from natural disasters)»
The introduction of alternative scenarios in 10 districts of the country will result in a benefit of more than USD 22,319 million
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The Economics of Land Degradation
A global initiative for sustainable land management
Preliminary results for
Turkmenistan: three areas (three types of pastures)Recovery and sustainable use of pastures by:• Creating year-round pasture phytocoenoses
(improving productivity from USD 40 to USD 70 her hectare)
– Perennial grasses– Annual grasses– Pasture rotation
60
4540
39,71394339
39,00757326
38,445864237,8922437
637,3465954
536,8940184
236,1890371
7
39,71394339
43,68533773
48,053871552,8592586
5
58,14518452
63,95970297
70,35567327
0
20
40
60
80
База t=-10 t=0 t=1 t=2 t=3 t=4 t=5 t=6 t=7
Экономическая оценка 1 гектара равнинных пастбищ по
продуктивности [usd/га]
Безальтернативное развитие
Альтернативное развитие
Investments pay back in 4 years and generate a 27%
profitability
13 29.6.16
The Economics of Land Degradation
A global initiative for sustainable land management
Preliminary results for
Uzbekistan: the Bukа districtIntroduction of best techniques in crop farming:• Leave a coverage in the field• Crop rotation• Planting trees around the field
Investments into the latter result in a profit increase of
up to 40%
2105 NPV,
2024
Income from 2 ha of planted poplar -900000 8335862
Income from yield increase by 15%, 54 ha 22941630 116487635
The income from cotton cultivation, 56
ha
17596600 89347894
Useful income 124823497
The benefit to the farmer, % 39,7
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The Economics of Land Degradation
A global initiative for sustainable land management
Planned dates• Completion of national and regional reports –
August 2016• A regional meeting to present results –
September 2016
15 29.6.16
The Economics of Land Degradation
A global initiative for sustainable land management
Challenges:• Building a local capacity at the regional and
national levels• Drafting standards, valuation methodologies
and ratios/indicators for Central Asian ecosystems
• Availability and quality of data
16 29.6.16
The Economics of Land Degradation
A global initiative for sustainable land management
Opportunities for next steps • Disseminate results gathered• Integrate them into decision making• Raise awareness and improve information availability at all
levels• Draft and agree standards, valuation methodologies and
ratios/indicators for Central Asian ecosystems• Apply this approach in the management of various
ecosystems (e.g., water basins)
1729.6.16
Thank you!
National Focal Points:
Kazakshtan: Sabit Baizakov,
Kyrgyzstan: Rakhat Sabyrbekov,
Tajikistan: Rakhmon Shukurov,
Turkmenistan: Murad Nepesov,
Uzbekistan: Umidjan Nazarkulov,