The Effects Of Creatine On Repeated Sprint
Performance, Maximum Strength And PowerBy Carl Page, Charlotte Cochrane, Gemma Beames, Lindsay
Cook & Natalija Cizikova (Group 15)
Research Question
The effects of
creatine on repeated
sprint performance,
maximum strength
and power.
Criteria To Prove Or
Disprove Hypothesis
Examine the physiological/biochemical
mechanisms of how creatinemay enhance anaerobic
performance.
Research the various creatine loading strategies.
Compare the different types of creatine supplementation
being provided.
See if there are any potential side-effects/risks associated
with creatinesupplementation.
Critically analysis of the scientific literature in relation
to creatine and anaerobic performance.
Check to see this supports/contradicts
previous findings.
Mechanism(s) For Use Of
Creatine In Anaerobic
Exercise
Physiological/Biochemical Mechanisms Of
How Creatine May Enhance Anaerobic
Performance
• Creatine easily mixes with
phosphate to form
phosphocreatine or
creatine phosphate, this is
located in the skeletal
muscle, (Miller-Keane and
O'Toole, 2003).
The Scientific Literature In Relation To
Creatine And Anaerobic Performance
• Wilmore and Costill (2012)
• Holland & Barrett Retail Limited, (2012)
Creatine Loading Protocols
Different Creatine Loading Strategies
• Jonas, (2005) recognises
that creatine is important
for exercise performance,
as it can be used to aid
sport performance as a
supplement to an athlete’s
diet.
Different Types Of Creatine
Supplementation
• Creatine Monohydrate
• Creatine Citrate
• Creatine Phosphate
• Creatine Ethyl Ester
(Cooper et al. 2012).
Side Effects
Potential Side-effects/Risks Associated
With Creatine Supplementation
• Increase strength
• Fat free mass
• Greater training adaptations
• Muscle morphology
• Reduces fatigue
• Stomach aches
• Diarrhoea
The Literature In Relation To The
Risks/Side Effects Of Creatine Use
• Wilmore and Costill (2012)
• Cooper et al. (2012, pg.5)
Analyses Of Results
Analyses Of Results
2.680 ± 0.180
2.716 ± 0.198
2.664 ± 0.169
2.694 ± 0.150
2.63002.64002.65002.66002.67002.68002.69002.70002.71002.72002.7300
Pre-Sprint(CreatineGroup)
Pre-Sprint(PlaceboGroup)
Post-Sprint(CreatineGroup)
Post-Sprint(PlaceboGroup)
Tim
e (
s)
Group
Figure 1. Average decrease in time (s ± SD) in Pre-Sprint and Post-Sprint 15 trials in Creatine and Placebo groups.
Analyses Of Results
Figure 2. Concentric and Eccentric Peak Torque (N*m) in Height Jump in Pre- and Post- trials in Creatine and Placebo groups.
1003.0001113.625
1181.875 1200.125
944.375 971.250
1206.5001138.375
0.000
200.000
400.000
600.000
800.000
1000.000
1200.000
1400.000
Pre-Concentric PeakTorque
Post-Concentric PeakTorque
Pre-Eccentric PeakTorque
Post-Eccentric PeakTorque
Peak T
orq
ue (
N*m
)
Creatine group
Placebo group
Analyses Of Results
Figure 3. Average Jump Height (cm) in Height Jumps in Pre- and Post- trials in Creatine and Placebo groups.
48.083 ± 5.093
47.038 ± 6.412
45.039 ± 9.48245.260 ± 6.093
43.500
44.000
44.500
45.000
45.500
46.000
46.500
47.000
47.500
48.000
48.500
Creatine group Placebo group
Ju
mp
heig
ht
(cm
)
Pre- Jump Height,Mean
Post- Jump Height,Mean
Our Findings Support/Contradict Previous
Findings
• Lee, et al. (2011)
• Bemben et al. (2010)
• Gutierrez-Sancho, et al (2006)
Future Recommendations For Studies
• Males and Females
separated
• Bigger sample groups
• Different supplements
• Existing diet
• Training regimes
• Strict controls
Conclusion
• It is important to regularly test nutritional supplements for
potential ergogenic value.
• Discover different types of creatine supplements and how
they respond when taken.
• The hormonal and energy production work together with
the physiological systems within the human body.
• Studies revealed there is an improved rate of ATP
synthesis and PCr resynthesis during high-intensity
exercises like sprinting and weight lifting when
consuming creatine.
References
• Cooper, R., Naclerio, F., Allgrove, J. and Jimenez, A. (2012) Creatine supplementation
with specific view to exercise/sports performance: an update. Journal of the
International Society of Sports Nutrition. 9 (33), pp.1–11. [Online]. Available at:
http://www.jissn.com/content/9/1/33 (Accessed on: 06/01/2013).
• Jonas, WB. (2005) Mosby's dictionary of complementary and alternative medicine.
London: Elsevier Mosby.
• Wilmore J. H. and Costill D. L. (2012) Physiology of sport and exercise. 5th edn.
Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics.
• Holland & Barrett Retail Limited (2012) Creatine Powder. Available at:
http://www.hollandandbarrett.com/pages/product_detail.asp?pid=557&prodid=429
(Accessed on: 20/01/2013)
• Holland & Barrett Retail Limited (2012) Creatine. Available at:
http://www.hollandandbarrett.com/pages/categories.asp?cid=93 (Accessed on:
20/01/2013)
• Lee, C.L., Lin, J.C. & Cheng, C.F. (2011) ‘Effect of caffeine ingestion after creatine
supplementation’, Journal of Sport Science and Medicine, 9 pp. 262-269.
DISCOVERY [Online]. Available at: https://breo.beds.ac.uk/webapps/portal/
(Assessed: 26 February 2013).
• Bemben, MG., Witten, MS., Carter, JM., Eliot, KA., Knehans, AW.,
Bemben, DA. (2010) The effects of supplementation with Creatine
and protein on muscle strength following a traditional resistance
training program in middle aged and older men. The Journal of
Nutrition Health and Aging, 14 (2), pp.155-159.
• Gutierrez-Sancho, O., Moncada-Jimenez, J., Salazar-Rojas, W. &
Robinson, E. (2006) The Effects of Creatine Supplementation on
Biochemical, Body Conposition, and Performance Outcomes in
Humans: A Ivfeta-analysis. International Journal of Applied Sports
Sciences. 18 (2) pp. 12-38.
Thank you for listening.Please feel free to ask any questions!