The Evolution of Value Chains and Recycling Opportunities in the Informal Management of

Municipal Solid Waste of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

By Abdullahi Yusuf Rigasa -KASU, NigeriaBadamasi, Abdul Gambo – Kadpoly,

NigeriaAbdulkarim, Bala Isah - UniAbuja,

Nigeria

Outline

• Background • Aim and objectives• Methodology• Kaduna metropolis• The informal sector• Waste Management Services in Kaduna Metropolis• Solid waste Value chains – the evolutionary trend• Solid Waste Value Chain Management - Proposed Strategy• Conclusion and Recommendation

Kaduna Metropolis – background• Location: 100 31" 23' N; 70 26" 25‘ E• Population: 760, 084• Area: 3, 080 Km2

• Local Governments: 23• The people: multi-ethnic/multi-religious• Environmental Assets: Human diversity n Heritage, Biodiversity, arable soil, rivers n lakes, beautiful landscapes etc• Environmental challenges: urbanization, waste management, pollution, loss of soil fertility n communal conflicts, public health n sanitation etc

Kaduna metropolis – facts n figures

Kaduna is an evolving city Rapid urbanization Waste contractors have no technical background in WMS N 110 million/monthly on WMS Inadequate waste management (WM) infrastructure No formal policy on sustainable WM The need for Sustainability in WM Waste could be a resource

Kaduna Metropolis, the current strategy

• Waste collected by contractors or the informal sector• 49 waste contractors as @ 2011• Collection by contractors is free• Informal sector abound but charge a fee• Waste dumps too far• Illegal waste dumps used for disposal• Resource recovery by informal sector• Little cost/resource recovery activities

Categories of Informal sector in Kaduna

Metropolis• Door-to-door waste collectors (barrow boys)• Street waste pickers (women, almajiri)• Itinerant waste buyers (collect sorted wasted for cash or barter)• Scavengers – recover end-of-waste resources for recycling

Recyclables

Recyclables

Solid waste Value chains – the evolutionary trend

Plastics • Status - Currently active• Value chain actors: street

sweepers, scavengers → middlemen/ converters → plastic manufacturers

• Price/ value is demand driven• Current prices

N20/ kg for lowden N40/kg for Highden

(US$1=N155)

Plastic conversion

Solid waste Value chains – the evolutionary trend

Scrap metal• Status – currently active• Value chain actors – scavengers, itinerant

buyers →middlemen/ converters→ steel rolling mills

• Price is quality, quantity and demand driven N20/kg for iron/steel N600/kg for copper N100/kg for aluminium N150/kg for lead

Scrap Metal Conversion

Lead conversion

Solid waste Value chains – the evolutionary trend

Organic matter• Status – passive• Value chain actors - value-pickers/

scavengers, compost plant operators and waste contractors

• Value chain Components – food waste, green waste and Biowaste

• No value• No price

Dynamics of solid waste value chains in Kaduna metropolis

Co-mingledwaste

Sorted Waste

Plastics

METALS

NON METALS

ORGANIC

Food waste

Green wasteBio-waste

PET

PVC

PP

PSHDPE

LDPE

Iron & SteelLead

CopperAluminium

Brass

IngotsSheetsBillets

Pelletized raw mats

BiogasCompost

Waste stream Waste productsWaste resourcesValue addition (sorting/ partial processing)

Conclusions and Recommendations

• Plastics, scrap metals and organic waste are potential viable value chains in Kaduna• Plastics and scrap metals are currently active while organic waste is inactive• Government intervention is critical in stability of plastics and scrap metals• Anaerobic digesters and composting plants are required for activation of the organic waste value chain

Thanks for Listening