The FRAME
Key Topic
is about . . .
How did the mountains, seas, islands, peninsulas, and straits of the Aegean Basin shape Greek life and patterns of trade and colonization?
Main Idea Main Idea Main Idea
Details DetailsDetails
• Located in Europe, west of Asia Minor • West of the Aegean Sea; North of the Mediterranean Sea• Contains the Balkan and Peloponnesus Peninsulas• Major city-states= Athens, Sparta, and Troy
• Agriculture (limited arable land) • Commerce (trade) and the spread of Hellenic culture (great period of Greek art/culture)• Shift from barter to money economy (coins)
• Mountain terrain helped and hindered the development of city states (protection but isolated) • Greek cities were designed to promote civic (public) and commercial (economic) life• Colonization started due to overpopulation and search for arable land
Introduction to Ancient Greece
How the physical geography of Greece impacted its culture and development
GeographyEconomic and
SocialPolitical
Development
Black Sea
Dardanelles Strait
Aegean Sea
Mediterranean Sea Crete
Peloponnesus Peninsula
Macedonia
Balkan Peninsula
Asia Minor
Sparta
Athens
Troy
The FRAME Routineis about…
So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)
Essential details
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Greek Mythology
The religious beliefs of the Greeks and how it influenced later societies
The religion of Greece was polytheistic (many deities)
The Greeks believed the gods interacted with humans
Mythology offered explanations of natural phenomena- That which could not be explained
Also explained human qualities and life events- Morals or lessons
We see symbols and images of Greek mythology in Western art, literature, and architecture
Greek gods and goddesses
Married
Zeus:
- King of the Gods- Ruled from Mount Olympus
Hera:
- Queen of the Gods- Wife of Zeus
Aphrodite
- Goddess of love and beauty
Athena
- Goddess of Wisdom Poseidon
- God of the sea
Apollo
- God of music and the sun
Artemis
- Virgin goddess of the hunt and childbirth
The FRAME Routineis about…
So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)
Essential details
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Citizenship in Greece
The Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis
Members of the Polis:1) Citizens- free adult males; had political rights and the responsibility of
civic participation in the government2) Free people- women, foreigners, and young males; had no political
rights3) Slaves- had no political rights
To become a citizen, free adult men had to serve 10 years in the military
Greek city-states were called the polis
Citizenship was only available to free adult males. There were not equal rights for everyone living in the polis
Main Idea
• Sparta formed an oligarchy—rule by small elite group • Military leaders who controlled the army led the oligarchy• Rigid social classes developed with lower classes having few rights• Sparta developed a militaristic and aggressive society
Details
Main Idea
• Stages in Athenian government: Monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, and democracy• Tyrants who worked for reform: - Draco—harsh laws - Solon—favored lower class• Origins of democratic principles: direct democracy, public debate, duties of the citizen
Details
So What?
The FRAMEKey Topic
is about . . .
Sparta vs. Athens
Comparing and contrasting the Greek city-states of Sparta and Athens
Sparta Athens
1) Different styles of government divided the Spartans and Athenians2) Athenian democracy is the foundation for modern democracies (ex. U.S.A)
Athenian forms of government timeline:
Description: Description: Description: Description:
Monarchy Aristocracy Tyranny Democracy
King or Queen of a royal family rules
Rule rich upper-class people
Harsh/cruel government controlled by an absolute ruler
Rule by the people—people rule the government
The FRAME
Key Topic
is about . . .
So What?
Main Idea Main Idea Main Idea
Details DetailsDetails
Cause: Persia took over Asia Minor and was heading for GreeceWho:Sparta and Athens unite to fight against PersiaKey Battles:Marathon and Salamis Result= Control of the Aegean SeaResult:Athens preserved its independence
• Formed as a result of the Persian War
• United Greek city-states to help trade and prevent future attacks
• Worked until Athens became too powerful
Cause:
Sparta and Athens wanted control of GreeceWho:
Athens and Delian League vs. Sparta and Peloponnesian LeagueResult:
Sparta won, Greece no longer united, and weakening of political power
The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars
Sparta and Athens=
Sparta and Athens=
Persian War
The causes and results of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars
Delian League Peloponnesian War
The FRAME Routineis about…
So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)
Essential details
Golden Age of Pericles
Occurred between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars
Time of peace and prosperity for Athens
Pericles, the ruler of Athens, extended democracy to most males and they had an equal voice
Pericles rebuilt Athens from destruction that occurred during the Persian Wars
-An example of this is the Parthenon
The contributions from this time have become the foundations for western civilization
Why the leadership of Pericles is important to the development of Greek culture
Contributions of ancient Greece:
Sculpture:- Phidias was the most famous Greek sculptor; built the Parthenon
Mathematics:- Euclid—father of Geometry
- Pythagoras—student of Euclid; created the Pythagorean Theory
Science:- Archimedes—Greek inventor -created the Archimedes Screw, which was used for pumping water
- Hippocrates—father of Medicine - Created the Hippocratic Oath, still used by doctors todayDoric Ionic Corinthian
Architecture:
“Dull” “Eyes” “Crown”
Contributions of ancient Greece:
Drama:-Sophocles—wrote tragedies such as Oedipus Rex and Antigone- Aeschylus wrote over 80 plays—most famous was Agamemnon
Poetry:- Homer was a blind epic poet who wrote the Iliad and Odyssey
Philosophy:- Socrates—First great philosopher, taught Plato
- Plato—taught Aristotle; believed only philosophers or the highly educated should rule the government
- Aristotle—Last great Greek philosopher; taught Alexander the Great
History:- Herodotus—father of History; wrote about the Persian Wars 200 years after they were fought; exaggerated events to glorify Athens
- Thucydides—fought in and wrote about the Peloponnesian War
Main Idea
• Following the Peloponnesian Wars, Greece was left weak• • King Philip II of Macedonia, led his army to Greece and conquered Northern Greece
• He died before all of Greece was conquered
Details
Main Idea
• Philip’s son, Alexander the Great, age 23, took over and conquered Greece • Alexander adopted Hellenistic culture (Greek Culture) and spread it with his empire• Alexander’s empire stretched from Greece to Egypt• He died at age 33, after his death, the empire was divided• After his death, the Macedonian’s were defeated by the Romans
Details
So What?
The FRAMEKey Topic
is about . . .
Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Empire
Macedonian conquest of Greece and how Alexander the Great spread Hellenistic (Greek) Culture
Macedonian Empire and King Philip II
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great and the Macedonians conquered Greece but kept and spread the Hellenistic Culture
Map of Alexander’s (Macedonian) Empire• Alexander’s Empire stretches as far west as __________ and
___________; and as far east as ___________.
GreeceEgypt India
The FRAME RoutineKey Topic
is about…
So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)
Essential details
Hellenistic Culture
How Alexander the Great spread Greek Culture around the world
The culture of Greece that came from the Golden Age of Pericles is known as Hellenistic Culture
Hellenistic Age= Blend of Greek and Oriental Culture
Alexander the Great spread Hellenistic culture through trade
Hellenistic Culture developed during the Golden Age of Pericles and was later spread by Alexander the Great