The Great Depression Begins Chapter 14 Section 1 The Nations
Sick Economy Section 2 Hardship and Suffering During the Depression
Section 3 Hoover Struggles with the Depression
http://history1900s.about.com/library/photos/blyindexdepression.htm
Slide 2
Ch. 14 Sec. 2 Objectives To describe how people struggled to
survive during the Depression. To explain how the Depression
affected men, women, and children. To analyze the effect the Dust
Bowl had on farming and farm families.
Slide 3
Hardship and Suffering During the Depression Section 2 The
Depression in the Cities Shantytowns (Hoovervilles) Soup Kitchens
Bread Lines Digging in Garbage Foreclosures and Evictions Layoffs
Wage Reductions
http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/depression/photoessay.htm
Relief line waiting for commodities, San Antonio, Texas. March
1939. Photographer: Russell Lee. Unemployed workers in front of a
shack with Christmas tree, East 12th Street, New York City.
December 1937. Photographer: Russell Lee. Squatter's Camp, Route
70, Arkansas, October, 1935. Photographer: Ben Shahn
http://history1900s.about.com/library/photos/blygd27.htm
Hooverville in New York
Slide 4
Hardship and Suffering During the Depression Section 2 The
Depression in Rural Areas One advantage over city living is that
farmers could grow their own food and so usually had something to
eat Poor Prices for Farm Products Foreclosures Many farmers turned
to tenant or migrant farming Many families move west to California
looking for farm jobs Lack of Rain Dust Bowl
http://history1900s.about.com/library/photos/blyindexdepression.htm
Slide 5
Okies and Arkies Head West Many families from Oklahoma and
Arkansas move to California to work as Migrant Workers. They live
in extreme poverty in squatters camps and make-shift shacks. Some
live in their cars. In one of the largest pea camps in California.
February, 1936. Photographer: Dorothea Lange. Squatter camp,
California, November 1936. Photographer: Dorothea Lange. A
migratory family living in a trailer in an open field. No
sanitation, no water. Migratory white cotton pickers stopped by
engine trouble alongside the road. Related family groups frequently
travel like this, in pairs or in caravans of three or four.
http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/depression/photoessay.htm
Slide 6
Dust Bowl Days 5 State Area that suffered from extreme wind
erosion. Top soil was blown as far as ships in the Atlantic Ocean.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dustbowl/maps/index.html
http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/depression/dustbowl.htm Check
out video @
http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/water_02.htmlhttp://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/water_02.html
Slide 7
More Dust Bowl Pictures Dust storm approaching Elkhart, Kansas,
May 1937 Liberal, Kansas, 14 April 1935Goodwell, Oklahoma, June 4,
1937
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/ocp/drought/dust_storms.shtml
Slide 8
Effects on the American Family In most instances it brought
families together. People stayed home and entertained themselves
with board games and the radio Monopoly (1933) In some cases it had
disastrous effects on the family structure Men became discouraged
with their joblessness and abandoned their families Some became
Hobos Unemployed men vying for jobs at the American Legion
Employment Bureau in Los Angeles during the Great Depression. Part
of the daily lineup outside the State Employment Service Office.
Memphis, Tennessee. June 1938. Photographer: Dorothea Lange.
http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/depression/photoessay.htm
Slide 9
Hobos Hit the Road Man in hobo jungle killing turtle to make
soup, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Sept. 1939. Photographer: John
Vachon. Toward Los Angeles, California. 1937. Photographer:
Dorothea Lange. Perhaps 2.5 million people abandoned their homes in
the South and the Great Plains during the Great Depression and went
on the road. Listen to former Hobo tell about his experiences @
http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/water_07.htmlhttp://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/water_07.html
http://www.hobo.com/
Slide 10
Effects of Depression on Women Many women canned their own food
and made clothes for their families Some women had jobs outside the
home but received less pay than men Women became the targets of
resentment if they had a job because some felt they were stealing
it from a man that need to support their family Some viewed women
as having it easier because they werent seen in breadlines, but in
reality they hid a lot of their hardships because of shame. (See
personal voice page 476) Young Oklahoma mother; age 18, penniless,
stranded in Imperial Valley, California. (Circa March 1937)
http://history1900s.about.com/library/photos/blygd34.htm
http://history1900s.about.com/library/photos/blygd5.htm Farm
Security Administration: "Suppertime" for the westward migration.
(Circa 1936)
Slide 11
Dorothea Lange
http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/lange/index.html The
photograph that has become known as "Migrant Mother" is one of a
series of photographs that Dorothea Lange made in February or March
of 1936 in Nipomo, California. Lange was concluding a month's trip
photographing migratory farm labor around the state for what was
then the Resettlement Administration. In 1960, Lange gave this
account of the experience: I saw and approached the hungry and
desperate mother, as if drawn by a magnet. I do not remember how I
explained my presence or my camera to her, but I do remember she
asked me no questions. I made five exposures, working closer and
closer from the same direction. I did not ask her name or her
history. She told me her age, that she was thirty-two. She said
that they had been living on frozen vegetables from the surrounding
fields, and birds that the children killed. She had just sold the
tires from her car to buy food. There she sat in that lean- to tent
with her children huddled around her, and seemed to know that my
pictures might help her, and so she helped me. There was a sort of
equality about it. (From: Popular Photography, Feb. 1960). Migrant
Mother Watch Video:
http://www.history.com/topics/dust-bowl/videos#migrant-mother-photohttp://www.history.com/topics/dust-bowl/videos#migrant-mother-photo
Slide 12
Effects of Depression on Children Malnutrition Poor diets led
to health problems like rickets, a softening of bones in children
potentially leading to fractures and deformity. Caused by Vitamin D
deficiency. Lack of Health Care Shortened Schooling Families
Destroyed Families sometimes couldnt support their children so they
farmed them out to relatives or turned them over to the state.
Teens become Hoover Tourists and take to the road Very dangerous
(See Page 476 for statistics)
Slide 13
Children During the Depression Farm Security Administration:
Children of Oklahoma drought refugees near Bakersfield, California.
(Circa June 1935)
http://history1900s.about.com/library/photos/blyindexdepression.htm
Children of rehabilitation clinic in Arkansas. (Circa 1935) Farm
Security Administration: School in Alabama. (Circa 1935) Wife and
children of a sharecropper in Washington County, Arkansas. (Circa
1935)
Slide 14
Social and Psychological Effects Suicide Rates rose 30% from
1928 to 1932 3 times as many people were admitted to State Mental
Hospitals as in normal times People had to compromise and sacrifice
Adults stop going to the Doctor / Dentist Youth gave up going to
college Some couples put off marriage and family Lifelong Habits
People scrimp and save / Habit of Thrift Hoard Throw nothing away
Dont waste food Financial Security becomes extremely important
Charitable Giving People would help others less fortunate than
themselves