Sun FengYellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC),Ministry of Water ResourcesPeople’s Republic of ChinaTailand, 2012 May.
The Great Yellow River Integrated River Basin Management — for International Conference on Transboundary River Basin Management
Presentation Outline
• Introduction
• Water and Environment Challenges
• Adaptive Measures for the Yellow River
• Achievements
• Length: 5,464 km
• Catchment area: 790,000 km²
• Runoff 58 billion m3
• Inhabitants in ca.: ca. 115 Mio.
• Political structure: 9 provinces
• sediment load: average 1.6 billions tons/yr very high sediment accretion;
35 – 900 g /L SS
• river is used forhydropowercooling water
drinking waterirrigation
waste water discharge
The Yellow River Basin
River Length (km)
1. Nile 66702. Amazon 64363. Yangtze 63004. Mississippi 60215. Yellow River 54646. Mekong 4880
Sediment Transportation (million ton/year)
1 Yellow River 16002 Indo-Ganges 1500 3 Amazon 1160 4 Yangtze 550 5 Brahmaputra 540 6 Mississippi 400
Presentation Outline
• Introduction
• Water and Environment Challenges
• Adaptive Measures for the Yellow River
• Achievements
2%
98%
15%
85%
12%
88%
黄河水量
Water in YR
Irrigation
population
YR Water use in China 9%
91%
城市用水
M&
I
ChallengesChallenges----Water scarcityWater scarcity
• Climate Change• Economic development• Population growth• Urbanization
Water Scarcity
704km 利津站历年断流天数示意图
226
0
50
100
150
200
250
1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998
天数
River Runs Dry since 1980s
Challenges--Flood Threat
EmbankmentsYellow River
13 m
Suspended River
Tianjin
Jinan
Nanjing
Zhengzhou
History-China’s Sorrow
250thousand km2
21
42
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
80年代 90年代0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80(%)
1985年 2001年
31
61
Challenges--Water Pollution
Waste Inflow (0.1 billion ton) Poor Water quality
1980s 1990s 1980s 1990s
Presentation Outline
• Introduction
• Water and Environment Challenges
• Adaptive Measures for the Yellow River
• Achievements
Physical Scaled Y-River
Digital Yellow River
No dike breach
Real Yellow River
1 2 9 Management Measures and Approaches 9
Keeping Health life of the Yellow River
No Cease of Flow
No excessive pollution
No river bed rising
Adaptive Measures--” 1493” Scheme
Adopting a Holistic Approach
consisting of institutional, legal, collaborative
arrangement, investments in infrastructure and
engineering, supporting and scientific technologies,
and economic interventions.
Qikou
Guxian
SanmenxiaXiaolangdi
Luhun
Guxian
Detention Basin
Detention basin
HuayuankouHuayuankou22000m3/s
Embankments
万家寨水库
Flood Management•1400 km Embankments•Multi-purpose projects/ detention basin•non-structural measures(Numerical Modeling)
Qikou
Guxian
Sanmenxia
Xiaolangdi
Luhun
Guxian
Detention Basin
Detention basin
Embankments
重重点点治治理理
区区
Soil Erosion Control & Ecosystem Restoration
•Project area 180,000 km2•Key dams 1370•Forestation, Agro-measures•Erosion Monitoring
WuqiCounty
Sediment Management–Artificial flood since 2002• Flushing River Sediments• Reservoirs Maintenance/protection from Siltation• Flood Plain and Wetlands Restoration •Improve River Morphology and Reduce Flood Risk
Density flow
10 years for: River flow Ecological restorationSediments transportationWater qualityEquality of water use
Integrated Water Allocation & Environmental Flow in Basin Scale
Longyangxia
Liujiaxia
Sanshenggong
Sanmenxia
Qingtongxia
Xiaolangdi
Wanjiazhai
Daliushu
Guxian
Legal Measures•Yellow River Water Allocation Regulation•Yellow River Water Allocation Management Rules•Regulation of Yellow River Water Allocation Yellow River Basin Drought Alleviation Scheme
Public Consultation & Stakeholder Involvement
Technical Measures• Water Allocation Scheme• Remote Control and Real Time Control• Monitoring & Warning• Modeling systems for prediction
Economic Measures• Water Pricing & Water Market• Water Right Transfer
Integrated Water Allocation& Environmental Flow
Water Resources Protection
• Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution issued and enforced• Remotely monitoring effluent outlets• Monitoring sites for provincial-boundary water quality• Mobile Labs
Presentation Outline
• Introduction
• Water and Environment Challenges
• Adaptive measures for the Yellow River
• Achievements
Achievements
Flood SecurityImprove River Morphology and Reduce Flood RiskSecure the people living in the floodplain along the banksSecure safety from floods
300 million tons sediment reduced by watershed rehabilitation in the middle Loess Plateau
Achievements (Con.)
Loess PLateau
Yellow River Delta
• Biodiversity increased Rare fishes reappeared, saury, bronze grudge etc.New habitats for birdsfrom 187 species in1992 to 300 species in 2010More Rare wild animals , 459 kinds found in the reserve, nearly doubledWetlands vegetation increased
Gull
kingfisher
Eastern Egret
• Equality of water use
• Water savingWater use efficiency
In 1997, water used was 560 m3 for 10thousand RMB GDP,
in 2003, 309 m3, up 45%
Water used fall down
Inner Mongolia, 6.491billion m3, down to 5.952 billion m3
Shan Dong, 8.745 billion m3, down to 6.625 billion m3
• Economic boostBasin GDP Increase average 30.9 billion RMB/year
Social-Economic Sustainability
Achievements (Con.)
• YRCC Won 2010 Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize
• UNESCO—Yellow River Case published in WWDR3&4
• Asian-Pacific Knowledge Hub —Center of Hydroinformatics for Integrated River Basin Management (CHIRB)
Acknowledged by the International Community