The History of MedicineThe History of MedicineThe History of MedicineThe History of Medicine
Lancaster High SchoolMedical Tech Prep 2
Mrs. Carpenter
Lancaster High SchoolMedical Tech Prep 2
Mrs. Carpenter
objectivesobjectives• Define the key terms• Discuss the effects of culture on medicine• Describe how attitudes toward illness are
manifested today.• Identify three common medical treatments used in
the past• Recall theories/practices of ancient medicine still
prevalent today• Discuss the role of women in medicine• Identify five significant contributions to medicine
• Define the key terms• Discuss the effects of culture on medicine• Describe how attitudes toward illness are
manifested today.• Identify three common medical treatments used in
the past• Recall theories/practices of ancient medicine still
prevalent today• Discuss the role of women in medicine• Identify five significant contributions to medicine
INTRO TO THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE
INTRO TO THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE
• SOCIETY IS BECOMING MORE PLURALISTICPLURALISTIC=ETHNIC, RELIGIOUS, OR =ETHNIC, RELIGIOUS, OR CULTURAL GROUPS THAT COEXIST WITH ONE CULTURAL GROUPS THAT COEXIST WITH ONE ANOTHERANOTHER
• MORE IMPORTANT TO KNOW WHERE CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICINE HAVE BEEN DERIVED
• HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL CARE FOR PEOPLE WITH VARIED CULTURES AND BELIEFS
• SOCIETY IS BECOMING MORE PLURALISTICPLURALISTIC=ETHNIC, RELIGIOUS, OR =ETHNIC, RELIGIOUS, OR CULTURAL GROUPS THAT COEXIST WITH ONE CULTURAL GROUPS THAT COEXIST WITH ONE ANOTHERANOTHER
• MORE IMPORTANT TO KNOW WHERE CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICINE HAVE BEEN DERIVED
• HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL CARE FOR PEOPLE WITH VARIED CULTURES AND BELIEFS
CULTURAL HERITAGE IN MEDICINECULTURAL HERITAGE IN MEDICINE
• RELIGION
• MAGIC
• SCIENCE
• RELIGION
• MAGIC
• SCIENCE
RELIGIONRELIGION
• GODS WERE CALLED UPON FOR CURES
• SPECIFIC CEREMONIES, PRAYERS, AND SACRIFICES
• GODS WERE CALLED UPON FOR CURES
• SPECIFIC CEREMONIES, PRAYERS, AND SACRIFICES
MAGICMAGIC
• USED TO CHASE AWAY EVIL SPIRITS
• EVIL SPIRITS THOUGHT TO CAUSE DISEASES AND ILLNESSES
• USED TO CHASE AWAY EVIL SPIRITS
• EVIL SPIRITS THOUGHT TO CAUSE DISEASES AND ILLNESSES
SCIENCESCIENCE
• PLANTS AND MINERALS USED FOR MEDICINE
– MESPOTAMIA, BABYLON, CHINA• PHARMACOPEIAPHARMACOPEIA= A BOOK DESCRIBING = A BOOK DESCRIBING
DRUGS AND THEIR USES THAT UTILIZED DRUGS AND THEIR USES THAT UTILIZED PLANTSPLANTS
• PLANTS AND MINERALS USED FOR MEDICINE
– MESPOTAMIA, BABYLON, CHINA• PHARMACOPEIAPHARMACOPEIA= A BOOK DESCRIBING = A BOOK DESCRIBING
DRUGS AND THEIR USES THAT UTILIZED DRUGS AND THEIR USES THAT UTILIZED PLANTSPLANTS
• ACUPUNCTUREACUPUNCTURE=PIERCING OF THE SKIN =PIERCING OF THE SKIN BY LONG NEEDLES INTO 365 POINTS BY LONG NEEDLES INTO 365 POINTS ON THE BODYON THE BODY
• MOXIBUSTIONMOXIBUSTION=USE OF A POWDERED =USE OF A POWDERED PLANT TO MOUND ON THE SKIN AND PLANT TO MOUND ON THE SKIN AND BURNED TO MAKE A BLISTERBURNED TO MAKE A BLISTER
• ACUPUNCTUREACUPUNCTURE=PIERCING OF THE SKIN =PIERCING OF THE SKIN BY LONG NEEDLES INTO 365 POINTS BY LONG NEEDLES INTO 365 POINTS ON THE BODYON THE BODY
• MOXIBUSTIONMOXIBUSTION=USE OF A POWDERED =USE OF A POWDERED PLANT TO MOUND ON THE SKIN AND PLANT TO MOUND ON THE SKIN AND BURNED TO MAKE A BLISTERBURNED TO MAKE A BLISTER
MEDICAL SPECIALISTSMEDICAL SPECIALISTS
• PRESENT IN EARLY MEDICINE• KNOWN BY
– WITCH DOCTOR– MEDICINE MAN– HEALING PRIEST– SHAMAN– PHYSICIAN
• PRESENT IN EARLY MEDICINE• KNOWN BY
– WITCH DOCTOR– MEDICINE MAN– HEALING PRIEST– SHAMAN– PHYSICIAN
WOMEN IN MEDICINEWOMEN IN MEDICINE
• DECREASED STATUS• ONLY ABLE TO CARE FOR WOMEN
AND ASSIST IN CHILDBIRTH• FIRST FEMALE PHYSICIAN IN
AMERICA– ELIZABETH BLACKWELL 1849
• DECREASED STATUS• ONLY ABLE TO CARE FOR WOMEN
AND ASSIST IN CHILDBIRTH• FIRST FEMALE PHYSICIAN IN
AMERICA– ELIZABETH BLACKWELL 1849
MEDCIAL EDUCATIONMEDCIAL EDUCATION
• RISE IN CHRISTIANITY– EMPHASIS ON SOULS RATHER THAN BODY– A.D. 500 STUDY OF MEDICINE IS
FORBIDDEN, HEALING ONLY THROUGH PRAYER AND DIVINE INTERVENTION
– THROUGH THE NEXT 500 YEARS
• RISE IN CHRISTIANITY– EMPHASIS ON SOULS RATHER THAN BODY– A.D. 500 STUDY OF MEDICINE IS
FORBIDDEN, HEALING ONLY THROUGH PRAYER AND DIVINE INTERVENTION
– THROUGH THE NEXT 500 YEARS
MEDICAL EDUCATIONMEDICAL EDUCATION
• 15TH CENTURY FIRST LICENSING OF PHYSICIANS
– ART AND SCIENCE ARE CLOSELY RELATED• MICHELANGELO-HUMAN DISSECTION• DA VINCI
– -DRAWINGS OF SKELETAL, MUSCULAR, NERVOUS, AND VASCULAR SYSTEMS
– MOST ACCURATE SKETCH OF THE SPINAL VERTEBRAE
• 15TH CENTURY FIRST LICENSING OF PHYSICIANS
– ART AND SCIENCE ARE CLOSELY RELATED• MICHELANGELO-HUMAN DISSECTION• DA VINCI
– -DRAWINGS OF SKELETAL, MUSCULAR, NERVOUS, AND VASCULAR SYSTEMS
– MOST ACCURATE SKETCH OF THE SPINAL VERTEBRAE
TREATMENTSTREATMENTS
• OFTEN CRUDE• RELIED ON MEDICINAL
PROPERTIES OF PLANTS, ANIMALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
– MANY PLAGUES AND ILLNESSES
• OFTEN CRUDE• RELIED ON MEDICINAL
PROPERTIES OF PLANTS, ANIMALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
– MANY PLAGUES AND ILLNESSES
COMMON ILLNESSESCOMMON ILLNESSES• MALARIAMALARIA=PARASITE IN RBC FROM MOSQUITO=PARASITE IN RBC FROM MOSQUITO• DIPHTHERIA• TUBERCULOSISTUBERCULOSIS=INFECTIOUS LUNG DISEASE=INFECTIOUS LUNG DISEASE• TYPHOIDTYPHOID=FROM UNSANITARY/CONGESTED CONDITIONS=FROM UNSANITARY/CONGESTED CONDITIONS• DYSENTERY• LEPROSY• VENEREAL DISEASE• SMALLPOX• BUBONIC PLAGUE=RATBUBONIC PLAGUE=RAT AND GROUND SQUIRREL BITES AND GROUND SQUIRREL BITES
– HIGH DEGREE OF DEATHHIGH DEGREE OF DEATH
• MALARIAMALARIA=PARASITE IN RBC FROM MOSQUITO=PARASITE IN RBC FROM MOSQUITO• DIPHTHERIA• TUBERCULOSISTUBERCULOSIS=INFECTIOUS LUNG DISEASE=INFECTIOUS LUNG DISEASE• TYPHOIDTYPHOID=FROM UNSANITARY/CONGESTED CONDITIONS=FROM UNSANITARY/CONGESTED CONDITIONS• DYSENTERY• LEPROSY• VENEREAL DISEASE• SMALLPOX• BUBONIC PLAGUE=RATBUBONIC PLAGUE=RAT AND GROUND SQUIRREL BITES AND GROUND SQUIRREL BITES
– HIGH DEGREE OF DEATHHIGH DEGREE OF DEATH
CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICINECONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICINE
• 19TH CENTURY MADE LARGE PROGRESS THROUGH TWO DISCOVERIES
– ANESTHESIA FOR PAIN– BACTERIA CAUSES DISEASE
• ASEPSISASEPSIS=ABSENCE OF PATHOGENS=ABSENCE OF PATHOGENS– IS IMPORTANT IN REDUCING INFECTION
• 19TH CENTURY MADE LARGE PROGRESS THROUGH TWO DISCOVERIES
– ANESTHESIA FOR PAIN– BACTERIA CAUSES DISEASE
• ASEPSISASEPSIS=ABSENCE OF PATHOGENS=ABSENCE OF PATHOGENS– IS IMPORTANT IN REDUCING INFECTION
CONTRIBUTORS TO MEDICINECONTRIBUTORS TO MEDICINE
• LOUIS PASTEUR• JOSEPH LISTER• ROBERT KOCH• EDWARD JENNER• JONAS SALK AND SABIN• BANTING AND BEST• RENE LAENNEC
• LOUIS PASTEUR• JOSEPH LISTER• ROBERT KOCH• EDWARD JENNER• JONAS SALK AND SABIN• BANTING AND BEST• RENE LAENNEC
• WILHELM ROENTGEN• ELIZABETH ANDERSON• CLARA BARTON• FLORENCE
NIGHTINGALE• ALEXANDEER FLEMING• ELIZABETH BLACKWELL
• WILHELM ROENTGEN• ELIZABETH ANDERSON• CLARA BARTON• FLORENCE
NIGHTINGALE• ALEXANDEER FLEMING• ELIZABETH BLACKWELL
KEY TERMSKEY TERMSKEY TERMSKEY TERMS
PLURALISTICPLURALISTIC
PHARMACOPEIAPHARMACOPEIA
ACUPUNCTUREACUPUNCTURE
MOXIBUSTIONMOXIBUSTION
MALARIAMALARIA
TUBERCULOSISTUBERCULOSIS
TYPHOIDTYPHOID
BUBONIC PLAGUEBUBONIC PLAGUE
ASEPSISASEPSIS
PLURALISTICPLURALISTIC
PHARMACOPEIAPHARMACOPEIA
ACUPUNCTUREACUPUNCTURE
MOXIBUSTIONMOXIBUSTION
MALARIAMALARIA
TUBERCULOSISTUBERCULOSIS
TYPHOIDTYPHOID
BUBONIC PLAGUEBUBONIC PLAGUE
ASEPSISASEPSIS
APPLICATIONAPPLICATION
• CHOOSE A PERSON FROM THE LIST MENTIONED IN CLASS AND WRITE A 1-2 PAGE PAPER AND GIVE A 10 MINUTE PRESENTATION
• PAPER CONTENTS– BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION OF THE PERSON – WHAT THEY CONTRIBUTED TO MEDICAINE IN THE
19TH CENTURY– HOW THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO MEDICINE AFFECTS
LIFE TODAY
• CHOOSE A PERSON FROM THE LIST MENTIONED IN CLASS AND WRITE A 1-2 PAGE PAPER AND GIVE A 10 MINUTE PRESENTATION
• PAPER CONTENTS– BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION OF THE PERSON – WHAT THEY CONTRIBUTED TO MEDICAINE IN THE
19TH CENTURY– HOW THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO MEDICINE AFFECTS
LIFE TODAY