Download - The History of the Saint Benedict Center and the Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary

8/9/2019 The History of the Saint Benedict Center and the Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary

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Gt| Nfyfed [byfgt| kgmmbendn @f{ bsg{~jd{? ,Agfea* ~`d|dig|d* ~dbk` vd bjj eb~fge{8 lbs~fzfea ~`dm fe~`d ebmd gi ~`d Ib~`d|* ben gi ~`d [ge* ben gi ~`d @gjv A`g{~*, bnnfea ~`b~ ,@d ~`b~ ldjfdyd{ ben f{

lbs~fzdn {`bjj ld {bydn8 lt~ `d ~`b~ ldjfdyd{ eg~ {`bjj ld kgendmedn%, [fekd ~`de ~`d K`t|k` `b{ edyd|

jbkhdn `d|gfk mde ben qgmde q`g `byd ~bhde ~`f{ kgmmben jf~d|bjjv* nd{sf~d ~`d {tiid|fea ben

`b|n{`fs feygjydn* {bk|fifkfea dyde ~`df| jfyd{ ig| ~`d jgyd gi Agn ben ~`d {bjyb~fge gi ~`df| edfa`lg|%B~ ~`d s|d{de~ ~fmd ~`d eddn f{ a|db~d| ~`be dyd| ~g ig|m bsg{~jd{ q`g qfjj mbhd hegqe ~`d {fmsjd

~|t~`{ edkd{{b|v ig| {bjyb~fge* q`fjd gssg{fea ~`d `tmbef{~fk ben mb{gefk fndb{ {sdqdn gt~ lv ~`d

ndyfj ge ~`d qg|jn ~gnbv% Qd s|bv ~`b~ Mb|v Fmmbktjb~d qfjj {`gq `d| kgmsb{{fge ge ~`d qg|jn lvig|mfea mbev {tk` bsg{~jd{* q`g {`bjj qf~` ~`d st|d fe~de~fge gi ~`d ajg|v gi agn ben ~`d {bjyb~fge gi

{gtj{* ag q`d|d{gdyd| ~`d @gjv A`g{~ {`bjj kbjj ~`dm jdbyfea ld`fen ~`dm* q`d|d ~`dv `byd ldde*

eg~`fea lt~ ~`d agjn gi k`b|f~v q`fk` f{ ~`d itjifjjmde~ gi ~`d q`gjd jbq%

^`d Kde~d| bk`fdydn fmmdnfb~d {tkkd{{* ifjjfea* b{ f~ nfn*

~`d {sf|f~tbj ybkttm k|db~dn lv be glyfgt{ ndifkfdekv fe~`d edfa`lg|fea bkbndmfk fe{~f~t~fge{% F~ qb{ b~~dendn fe jb|ad ben dyd|-a|gqfea etmld|{%

Fe 26>< ~`d qdjj-hegqe ben jgydn Od{tf~* Ib~`d| Jdgeb|n Iddedv* ldkbmd b{{gkfb~dn qf~` ~`d qg|h gi~`d Kde~d|* kgte{djfea {~tnde~{* jdk~t|fea* ben dyde~tbjjv

ldkgmfea-lv aded|bj ndmben ben lv bssgfe~mde~ i|gm `f{

{tsd|fg|{ ben ~`d B|k`nfgkd{be bt~`g|f~fd{-~`d {sf|f~tbj nf|dk~g| gi[bfe~ Ldednfk~ Kde~d|%

^`d djnd{~ gi ~`|dd l|g~`d|{ q`g `bn de~d|dn ~`d s|fd{~`ggn* Ib~`d|

Iddedv* b~ ig|~v-ifyd* qb{ bj|dbnv ibmgt{% @d qb{ bkhegqjdnadn

lv `f{ kgjjdbatd{ b{ b s|d-dmfede~ ~`dgjgafbe% Fe ibk~* `f{

S|gyfekfbj [tsd|fg| fe ~`d Od{tf~ G|nd|* Ib~`d| Og`e MkDjdedv-jb~d| ~g ldkgmd B|k`lf{`gs gi Obmbfkb-gekd |did||dn ~g `fm b{%%%

,~`d a|db~d{~ ~`dgjgafbe qd `byd fe ~`d Tef~dn [~b~d{* lv ib|%, @f{bssgfe~mde~ ~g nf|dk~ ~`d Kde~d| bsg{~gjb~d* ~`d|dig|d* qb{

|dkdfydn tefyd|{bjjv qf~` ogv ben a|b~f~tnd%

Tend| Ib~`d|!{ atfnbekd ~`d feijtdekd gi [bfe~ Ldednfk~ Kde~d|

kge~fetdn ~g a|gq% B{ qb{ fedyf~bljd* `gqdyd|* ~`d {fmsjdKb~`gjfk biif|mb~fge{ ldfea ~bta`~ ~`d|d ldabe ~g kjb{` qf~` ~`d

b~`df{~fk ~|den{ gi ~`gta`~ b~ ~`d tefyd|{f~fd{ fe ~`d yfkfef~v-eg~bljv


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6* q`de bjj ~`g{d q`g qd|d ~`de jbv mdmld|{ gi

~`d Kde~d| lgten ~`dm{djyd{ lv b ygq ~g ~`d ngk~|febj k|t{bnd% ^`d qg|n{ gi ~`d kg-igtend|* Kb~`d|fedAgnnb|n Kjb|hd (`dekdig|~` ~g ld |did||dn ~g b{ [f{~d| Kb~`d|fed* M%F%K%M%&* dpsjbfe ~`d |db{ge ig| ~`f{

kgmmge ndnfkb~fge%

,Qd qd|d ldafeefea ~g |dbjfzd ~`d k`b|bk~d| gi ~`d lb~~jd ldig|d t{* eg~ gejv ig| ~`d s|d{d|yb~fge gi ~`d{bk|dn ngamb{ gi ~`d K`t|k`* lt~ bk~tbjjv ig| ~`df| |d{~g|b~fge% F~ qb{ ~g s|dsb|d gt|{djyd{ lv s|bvd|

ben nf{kfsjfed* ben ~g {dkt|d a|bkd{ degta` ~g debljd t{ ~g ibkd {tk` b lb~~jd* ~`b~ qd ldkbmd b

|djfafgt{ g|nd|%,

^`d @f{~g|v gi [bfe~ Ldednfk~Kde~d|

Nd{k|fldn b{ kgjg|itj* ~bjde~dn* ndyg~dn ben kge~|gyd|{fbj* Ib~`d|

Jdgeb|n Iddedv `gjn{ b tefrtd sjbkd fe 3{ ben fe~g ~`d db|jv 2643{% @d

f{ hegqe b{ ~`d s|fd{~ q`g ~bta`~ ~`b~ ~`d|d f{ eg {bjyb~fge gt~{fnd ~`d

Kb~`gjfk K`t|k`% Ben mg{~ sdgsjd b|d tend| ~`d fms|d{{fge ~`b~ `dqb{ dpkgmmtefkb~dn ig| `f{ {~tllg|e s|gid{{fge gi ibf~`%

^`d mfpfea gi ibk~ ben ifk~fge* ~|t~` ben mf{|ds|d{de~b~fge `b{

kjgtndn Ib~`d| Iddedv{ {~g|v ~ |gta`gt~ ~`d vdb|{% F~ f{ gt| `gsd ~`b~~`f{ s|d{de~b~fge qfjj kjb|fiv ben l|fea ~g jfa`~ ~`d {~g|v* ~`d f{{td{ ~`d mbe ben `f{ mf{{fge%


3/17

;

Fe 26>3* fe Kbml|fnad* Mb{{bk`t{d~~{* b Kb~`gjfk qgmbe ebmdn Kb~`d|fed Agnnb|n Kjb|hd igtendn*

[bfe~ Ldednfk~ Kde~d|% F~ qb{ jgkb~dn fe @b|yb|n [rtb|d* fe ~`d {`bngq gi [~% Sbtj{ K`t|k`% ^`dKde~d| s|gyfndn Kb~`gjfk jf~d|b~t|d* nf{kt{{fge a|gts{ ben jdk~t|d{ ig| {~tnde~{ b~~denfea ege-Kb~`gjfk

tefyd|{f~fd{ fe ~`d b|db%

[gge bi~d| f~{ igtenfea* ~`d qdjj-hegqe Od{tf~* Ib~`d| Jdgeb|n Iddedv* ldkbmd b{{gkfb~dn qf~` ~`d

qg|h gi ~`d Kde~d|% Ib~`d| Iddedv `bn bj|dbnv bk`fdydn eg~g|fd~v b{ b sgstjb| bt~`g|* sgd~* ben

{sdbhd|% I|gm Jvee Mb{{bk`t{d~~{* `d de~d|dn ~`d [gkfd~v gi Od{t{ fe 262> ben qb{ g|nbfedn fe 26% I|gm 26;9~g 26>3 `d {d|ydn b{ jf~d|b|v dnf~g| ig| ~`d Od{tf~ mbabzfed

Bmd|fkb% B{ b sgstjb| {sdbhd|* Ib~`d| Iddedv qb{ gi~de

kbjjdn tsge ~g s|dbk`* ~g afyd |d~|db~{ ben jdk~t|d{% ELK\bnfg bf|dn b {d|fd{ gi `f{ ~bjh{ ge ~`d Kb~`gjfk @gt|%

Tend| Ib~`d| Iddedv{ nf|dk~fge* [bfe~ Ldednfk~ Kde~d|b~~|bk~dn mbev {~tnde~{ d{sdkfbjjv i|gm @b|yb|n ben

\bnkjfii% F~ f{ eg~ {t|s|f{fea ~`b~ `f{ ^`t|{nbv dydefea

jdk~t|d{ n|dq gyd|ijgqfea k|gqn{% ^`d {~tnde~{* Kb~`gjfk ben ege-Kb~`gjfk `bn igten {gmd~`fea

tefrtd b~ ~`d Kde~d|? kjdb| |dit~b~fge{ gi ~`d {jbe~dn {dktjb|f{m ~bta`~ fe ~`d edfa`lg|fea bkbndmfkfe{~f~t~fge{8 ben {gjfn* djgrtde~ s|d{de~b~fge{ gi bt~`de~fk Kb~`gjfk ngk~|fed%

@ten|dn{ gi kgeyd|{fge{* |djfafgt{ ygkb~fge{* ben aggn Kb~`gjfk mb||fbad{ qd|d ~`d ~beafljd i|tf~{ giIb~`d| Iddedv{ s|dbk`fea ben sd|{gebj nf|dk~fge% Lg~` B|k`lf{`gs Kt{`fea ben ~`d Od{tf~ S|gyfekfbj

{tsd|fg|* Ib~`d| Og`e MkDjdev* stljfkjv dps|d{{dn ~`df| bss|dkfb~fge ig| ~`d dpkds~fgebjjv aggn qg|h

ldfea nged b~ [bfe~ Ldednfk~ Kde~d|%

FF

^`d q`ddj{ gi bk~fyf~v b~ [bfe~ Ldednfk~ Kde~d| kge~fetdn fe itjj mg~fge nt|fea Qg|jn Qb| FF% ^`d

K`t|k` qb{ bssb|de~jv ~`|fyfea b{ edyd| ldig|d%

^`d Bjjfdn yfk~g|v* `gqdyd|* l|gta`~ qf~` f~ edq kgekd|e{ blgt~ fe~d|eb~fgebj f{{td{ gi yf~bjfmsg|~bekd% ^`d if|{~ t{d gi qdbsge{ gi mb{{ nd{~|tk~fge ben ~`d bjb|mfea {s|dbn gi b~`df{~fk

kgmmtef{m k`bjjdeadn ~`d mgnd|e qg|jn%B~ Ib~fmb Sg|~tabj* fe 2621* Gt| Jbnv `bn mbnd t|ade~ |drtd{~{ ig| |dsb|b~fge ben ig| ~`dkge{dk|b~fge gi \t{{fb ~g `d| Fmmbktjb~d @db|~% Fi eg~ `ddndn* {`d `bn qb|edn* Agn qgtjn stef{` ~`d

qg|jn%

^`d stef{`mde~{ kbmd - Qg|jn Qb| FF* ~`d beef`fjb~fge gi eb~fge{ ~`d {s|dbn gi kgmmtef{m~`|gta`gt~ ~`d qg|jn - bjj s|dkf{djv b{ Gt| Jbnv gi Ib~fmb `bn ig|d~gjn%

Fe ~`d Mb|pf{~ b{{btj~ ge |djfafge* feetmd|bljd Kb~`gjfk{ qd|d fms|f{gedn* ~g|~t|dn ben mb|~v|dn ig|

~`df| ibf~`% Fe Dt|gsd* fe ~`d Ib| Db{~* q`d|dyd| ~`d Kgmmtef{~{ jbtek`dn ~`df| |dygjt~fge{* ~`d sb~~d|e

qb{ ~`d {bmd ~d||g|f{m* ~`d sd|{dkt~fge gi ~`d K`t|k` ben ~`d dpbj~b~fge gi b~`df{m%


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Be~f-Kgmmtef{~ {de~fmde~ fe ~`d Tef~dn [~b~d{ qb{ {~|gea lt~ eg~ b{ {~|gea b{ mfa`~ `byd ldde

dpsdk~dn% ^`d igtenb~fge{ ig| Mb|pf{~ fndgjgav mb~d|fbjf{m* {dktjb|f{m ben b~`df{m qd|d bjfyd benqdjj fe ~`d T%[%* d{sdkfbjjv bmgea Bmd|fkbe jfld|bj{%

Tefyd|{f~fd{ ~`|gta`gt~ ~`d kgte~|v - i|gm Ld|hjdv ~g @b|yb|n - `bn ldkgmd ~`d {ddnldn{ ig| b~`df{m%

^`d be~`|gsgjgav gi Nb|qfe* ~`d s`fjg{gs`v gi @dadj* ~`d s{vk`gjgav gi I|dtn ben ~`d {gkfgjgav giMb|p `bn ldkgmd qdjj de~|dek`dn fe Bmd|fkbe `fa`d| dntkb~fge% ^`d{d Agnjd{{ dybeadjf{~{ gi ~`d

Edq Bad s|gkjbfmdn ~`d bt~gegmv gi mbe fe dyd|v b{sdk~ gi `f{ s|fyb~d ben {gkfbj jfid% ^`d{d qd|d ~`d

yd|v {bmd ngk~|fed{ ~`b~ `bn l|gta`~ ge Ebzf{m ben ~`d Qb| ben egq ~`d {s|dbn gi Kgmmtef{m%

FFF

^`d qg|h gi [bfe~ Ldednfk~ Kde~d| ldkbmd bjj ~`d mg|d fe~de{d* bjj ~`d mg|d edkd{{b|v b~ ~`f{ ~fmd% ^`d

Kb~`gjfk ibf~` qb{ ~`d be{qd|* ~`d |dmdnv ig| ~`d mg|lfn ben nd{~|tk~fyd ngk~|fed{ gi b~`df{m

~`|db~defea ~`d qg|jn%Igjjgqfea ~`d qb|* Ib~`d| Iddedv ben `f{ b{{gkfb~d{ b~ ~`d Kde~d| qd|d nd~d|mfedn ~g afyd ~`d

k`bjjdead gi K`|f{~ eg~ gejv ~g {~tnde~{ lt~ ~g bev ged qfjjfea ~g jf{~de%

Fe [ds~dmld| 26>9 ~`dv stljf{`dn ~`d if|{~ f{{td gi b rtb|~d|jv mbabzfed* I|gm

~`d @gt{d~gs{% Qf~` ~`d bss|glb~fge gi B|k`lf{`gs Kt{`fea* ~`d sd|fgnfkbj

s|d{de~dn ~`d ~`gta`~{ gi mbev nf{~featf{`dn Kb~`gjfk q|f~d|{% ^`d B|k`lf{`gs`fm{dji kge~|flt~dn {dyd|bj b|~fkjd{%

^`d mg|d kjdb|jv ~`d Kde~d| ~bta`~ ~`d itjj* tekgms|gmf{fea md{{bad gi ~`d

Kb~`gjfk ibf~`* ~`d mg|d kgeyd|~{ Ib~`d| Iddedv |dkdfydn fe~g ~`d K`t|k`%Mbev qd|d ~`d {~tnde~{ i|gm feijtde~fbj ibmfjfd{ q`g ldkbmd Kb~`gjfk{ ben

|d{faedn i|gm ~`df| |d{sdk~fyd {k`ggj{ ~g s|g~d{~ ~`d be~f-Kb~`gjfkf{m ~bta`~

~`d|d% ^`d a|ben{ge gi Edq Vg|h ifebekfd|* O%S% Mg|abe* ig| dpbmsjd* b~~dendn

jdk~t|d{ b~ ~`d Kde~d| ben dyde~tbjjv kbmd fe~g ~`d K`t|k` fe ~`d {s|fea gi26>1% [gge bi~d|* `d |d{faedn i|gm @b|yb|n ot{~ qddh{ ldig|d kgmmdekdmde~%

de{fge ld~qdde ~`d Kde~d| ben ~`d {dktjb| {k`ggj{ fe ~`d b|db ldabe ~g mgte~% Bmd|fkb{ djf~d `bn egfe~de~fge gi bjjgqfea ~`df| {ge{ ben nbta`~d|{ ~g ld feijtdekdn lv Ib~`d| Iddedv% Qf~` sgqd|itj bjjfd{

b~ @b|yb|n* ~`dv d{~bljf{`dn kge~bk~{ qf~` B|k`lf{`gs Kt{`fea ben ~`d Od{tf~ S|gyfekfbj% ^`df|

glodk~fyd? ~g |dmgyd Ib~`d| Iddedv i|gm [bfe~ Ldednfk~ Kde~d|%

^`d Kde~d| {gge ldabe ~g dekgte~d| gssg{f~fge i|gm q`d|d f~ jdb{~ dpsdk~dn f~% Btpfjfb|v Lf{`gs Og`e

Q|fa`~ feig|mdn Ib~`d| Iddedv ~`b~ ~`d|d qd|d kgmsjbfe~{ babfe{~ [bfe~ Ldednfk~ Kde~d| f{{td{

feygjyfea* if|{~* ~`d {~tnde~{ q`g jdi~ ~`df| kgjjdad{* ben {dkgen* kd|~bfe b|~fkjd{ fe I|gm ~`d @gt{d~gs{~`b~ {tssg|~dn ~`d ~dbk`fea gt~{fnd ~`d Kb~`gjfk K`t|k` ~`d|d f{ eg {bjyb~fge%

^`d Kde~d|* fe b qg|n* `bn ldkgmd kge~|gyd|{fbj8 s|gmfede~ Kb~`gjfk{ fe Lg{~ge qd|d dmlb||b{{dn*ben B|k`nfgkd{be bt~`g|f~fd{ qd|d eg~ sjdb{dn%

Sdbkditj kg-dpf{~dekd `bn ldkgmd b jgea{~benfea ~|bnf~fge ig| Kb~`gjfk{ fe Lg{~ge% Qfjjfbm Kb|nfebjGKgeedjj `bn yf|~tbjjv qfsdn bqbv ~`d s|dybfjfea kge~|gyd|{v ld~qdde Kb~`gjfk{ ben ege-Kb~`gjfk{

gi ~`d 26~` Kde~t|v% @f{ {tkkd{{g|{ fe ~`d B|k`nfgkd{d qd|d nd~d|mfedn ~g hdds ~`d {~b~t{ rtg%


5/17

4

FY

Kb~`gjfkf{m fe Lg{~ge `bn ldkgmd mg|d ben mg|d kge{sfktgt{ ig| f~{ ~g~bj jbkh gi ngk~|febj

biif|mb~fge% Mg{~ gi ~`d {~tnde~{ q`g jdi~ ~`d {dktjb| {k`ggj{ gi s|d{~fad ben de|gjjdn fe Kb~`gjfk

kgjjdad{ qd|d {g|djv nf{bssgfe~dn% ^`dv qd|d {db|k`fea ig| ~`d ~|t~`% Lt~ fe{~dbn gi |dkdfyfea ~`d kjdb|*tekgms|gmf{fea md{{bad gi ~`d Ag{sdj ben ~`d feibjjfljd ~dbk`fea bt~`g|f~v gi ~`d K`t|k` ndifefea*ndidenfea ben s|dbk`fea ~`d ~|t~` blgt~ {bjyb~fge* ~`dv igten ~`dm{djyd{ {tlmd|adn fe ~`d ybatd*

~g~bjjv kgms|gmf{fea md{{bad gi Jfld|bjf{m%

B~ Lg{~ge Kgjjdad* ~`d Od{tf~ fe{~f~t~fge* q`d|d lg~` ibktj~v ben {~tnde~{ gi

[bfe~ Ldednfk~ Kde~d| qd|d bk~fyd - ged s|fd{~ nt|fea b iten|bf{fea

kbmsbfae mbnd ~`d bmbzfea {~b~dmde~? Vgt hegq ~`b~ Lg{~ge Kgjjdad f{ig| bjj ndegmfeb~fge{% Qd ng eg~ s|g{djv~fzd `d|d% [~tnde~{ kgmd ~g Lg{~ge

Kgjjdad i|gm bjj |djfafge{* ben eglgnv lg~`d|{ ~`dm blgt~ ~`df| ldjfdi{%

Jgvgjb{ ben Kblg~{* s%63

Qdjj-de~|dek`dn Jfld|bjf{m `bn ldde sd|idk~fea ben ~dbk`fea f~{ {v{~dm gi

kgms|gmf{d ig| kde~t|fd{% ^`d mg{~ gnfgt{ k`t|k` ~dbk`fea* fe ~`d mfen gi

b Jfld|bj* f{ ~`d ~|t~` ~`b~ gejv fe ~`d Kb~`gjfk K`t|k` kbe {bjyb~fge ldigten% Jfld|bj{* ~`|gta` b mf{nf|dk~dn {de{d gi kgmsb{{fge* lv ~`df| gqe

yd|nfk~ `byd kgmd ~g ~`d kgekjt{fge ~`b~ ~`d|d mt{~ ld {bjyb~fge gt~{fnd ~`d

Kb~`gjfk K`t|k`% Eg~qf~`{~benfea ~`d kjdb| ~dbk`fea gi [bk|dn [k|fs~t|d ben ~`d ndifef~fyd ~dbk`fea gi~`d K`t|k` bkkg|nfea ~g {gmd* ~`d|d {~fjj `byd ~g ld dpkds~fge{ ~g ~`d |tjd%

^`d edkd{{f~v gi ~`d K`t|k` ig| {bjyb~fge `b{ ldde ~bta`~ |dsdb~dnjv fe {gjdme ndifef~fge?

Sgsd Feegkde~ FFF - Jb~d|be FY 2;3

Lgefibkd YFFF - Tebm [bek~bm - 2;390*>96

Dtaded FY - Kgtekfj gi Ijg|dekd 2>>2^`d mg{~ @gjv \gmbe K`t|k` if|mjv ldjfdyd{* s|gid{{d{* ben s|dbk`d{ ~`b~ eged gi ~`g{d dpf{~fea

gt~{fnd ~`d Kb~`gjfk K`t|k`* eg~ gejv sbabe{* lt~ bj{g Odq{ ben `d|d~fk{ ben {k`f{mb~fk{* kbe `byd b

{`b|d fe jfid d~d|ebj8 lt~ ~`b~ ~`dv qfjj ag fe~g ~`d d~d|ebj if|d q`fk` qb{ s|dsb|dn ig| ~`d ndyfj ben `f{

beadj{* tejd{{ ldig|d ndb~` ~`dv b|d ogfedn ~g @d| Ndez% +12>

^`d gejv bj~d|eb~fyd ~g bt~`g|f~b~fyd ~dbk`fea f{ tj~fmb~djv eg bt~`g|f~v b~ bjj% ^`d mfen ~`b~ |dit{d{

b{{de~ ~g ~`d ~`fea{ |dydbjdn lv Agn f{ ljgqe ~g ben i|g lv dyd|v qfen gi ngk~|fed lv gsfefge{n|bqe ig| ~`d mg{~ sb|~ i|gm {`dd| `tmbe {de~fmde~%


6/17

9

^`d dp~de~ ~g q`fk` ~`d ndefbj gi ~`d ngk~|fed ge {bjyb~fge `bn sjtmmd~dn* ~`d dp~de~ ~g q`fk` gsfefgeben {de~fmde~ `bn |dsjbkdn |dydbjdn ~|t~`* qb{ kjdb|jv ndmge{~|b~dn lv ~`d Od{tf~{ b~ Lg{~ge Kgjjdad%

Ged s|fd{~ mbnd ~`d{d |dmb|hbljd {~b~dmde~{ fe kjb{{?/ F~ f{ sg{{fljd ig| bev mbe ~g ld {bydn gt~{fnd ~`d Kb~`gjfk K`t|k`%

/ Bev mbe q`g qgtjn {bv ~`b~ ~`d|d f{ eg {bjyb~fge gt~{fnd ~`d K`t|k` f{ b `d|d~fk%

/ Fi vgt {bv ~`b~ ~`d|d f{ eg {bjyb~fge gt~{fnd ~`d Kb~`gjfk K`t|k`* vgt b|d b `d|d~fk ben kbeeg~ {bydvgt| {gtj%

/ ^`d Kb~`gjfk K`t|k` edyd| ndifedn g| dyde {taad{~dn ~`b~ ~`d|d f{ eg {bjyb~fge gt~{fnd f~% Eg Sgsd*

eg Kgtekfj* eg Ngk~g| gi ~`d K`t|k` dyd| ~bta`~ ~`b~ eg ged kbe ld {bydn gt~{fnd ~`d Kb~`gjfkK`t|k`%

/ Eg~ gejv f{ f~ sg{{fljd ~g ld {bydn gt~{fnd ~`d Kb~`gjfk K`t|k`* f~ f{ dyde sg{{fljd ~g ld {bydn q`fjd

ldfea be dedmv gi ~`d K`t|k` ben bk~fydjv ifa`~fea babfe{~ f~%

/ [bfe~ Sbtj qb{ eg~ {feefea q`fjd sd|{dkt~fea K`|f{~ ben @f{ K`t|k`%/ ^`d ~dbk`fea ~`b~ ~`d|d f{ eg {bjyb~fge gt~{fnd ~`d K`t|k` bssjfd{ dpkjt{fydjv ~g Kb~`gjfk{ q`g `byd

sd|{gebjjv jdi~ ~`d K`t|k`%

/ Q`de b Sgsd g| Kgtekfj ndifed{* g| q`de b Ngk~g| gi ~`d K`t|k` {bv{ ~`b~ ~`d|d f{ eg {bjyb~fgegt~{fnd ~`d K`t|k`* ~`d mdbefea gi ~`f{ {~b~dmde~ ndsden{ ge q`b~ f{ mdbe~ lv ~`d Kb~`gjfk K`t|k`%

/ Lbs~f{m f{ eg~ edkd{{b|v ig| {bjyb~fge%

/ Mbev sdgsjd q`g b|d ~g~bjjv faeg|be~ gi K`|f{~ ben @f{ K`t|k` kbe ld {bydn ldkbt{d ~`df|faeg|bekd dpkt{d{ ~`dm ben kgeid|{ ge ~`dm lbs~f{m gi nd{f|d%

@gq ib| ~`d {ge{ gi [~% Faeb~ft{ `bn {~|bvdn i|gm ~`d ~dbk`fea{ gi ~`df| gqe Ngk~g| gi ~`d K`t|k`* [~%

\gld|~ Ldjjb|mfed" Fe |dit~fea ~`d S|g~d{~be~ ndefbj gi ~`d edkd{{f~v gi Lbs~f{m* Ldjjb|mfed q|g~d* ~`g{d q`g fmbafed ~`b~ ~`d|d f{ beg~`d| |dmdnv ld{fnd{ lbs~f{m* gsdejv kge~|bnfk~ ~`d Ag{sdj* ~`d

Kgtekfj{* ~`d Ib~`d|{* ben ~`d kge{de{t{ gi ~`d Tefyd|{bj K`t|k`%

Y

Ot{~ ~`f|~v vdb|{ s|fg| ~g ~`d kge~|gyd|{v fe Lg{~ge* Sgsd Ldednfk~ PY (262>-26


7/17

1

{tsd|fg|{ ~g |djfertf{` `f{ sg{f~fge fe Btat{~ 26>0* {`g|~jv ldig|d {d{{fge{ ig| ~`d edq bkbndmfk vdb|

qd|d ~g ldafe%

^`gta` ~`d bk~tbj |db{ge qb{ edyd| gsdejv {~b~dn* Ib~`d| Iddedv qb{ ldfea g|nd|dn gt~ gi [bfe~

Ldednfk~ Kde~d| g|nd|dn gt~ gi ~`d B|k`nfgkd{d gi Lg{~ge s|dkf{djv ldkbt{d ~`d ngk~|fed ge{bjyb~fge qb{ ~gg kge~|gyd|{fbj ig| Bmd|fkbe sjt|bjf{m%

Ig| be de~f|d vdb| ([ds~% 26>0 - [ds~% 26>6&* `f{ Od{tf~ {tsd|fg|{ |dit{dn ~g bnn|d{{ ~`d ngk~|febj f{{td{|bf{dn lv Ib~`d| Iddedv% Jdabj s|gkd{{ -eg~ ~`d {bk|dn ngamb{ gi ~`d Ibf~` - qb{ ~g ld ~`d bl{gjt~d

|tjd gi b s|fd{~{ kge{kfdekd% Jgvgjb{ ben Kblg~{* s%6 ~`d kge~|gyd|{v kbmd ~g b `dbn% Igt| ~dbk`d|{* ~`|dd

s|gid{{g|{ b~ Lg{~ge Kgjjdad ben ged b~ LK @fa`* qd|d if|dn ig|bkkt{fea ~`d Od{tf~{ gi ~dbk`fea `d|d{v* ben ig| |dsg|~fea ~`f{ ~g ~`d

[tsd|fg| Aded|bj%

Ib~`d| Qfjjfbm J% Hdjd`d|* s|d{fnde~ gi LK* ~gjn edq{sbsd| |dsg|~d|{

~`d |db{ge ig| ~`df| nf{mf{{bj% ^`dv qd|d {s|dbnfea fndb{ kge~|b|v ~g


8/17

0

~`d ~|bnf~fgebj ~dbk`fea gi ~`d K`t|k` ~`b~ jdbn ~g lfag~|v ben fe~gjd|bekd%

Ig| stljfkjv ndidenfea ~`d ~dbk`d|{* Ib~`d| Iddedv qb{ {fjdekdn lv B|k`lf{`gs Kt{`fea ben ~`d Kde~d|

sjbkdn tend| fe~d|nfk~% Bssdbj{ ~g ~`d B|k`lf{`gs* ~g ~`d Od{tf~{ ben ~g \gmd |dkdfydn eg |d{sge{d%

Ge [ds~dmld| ;* 26>6* igt| mge~`{ jb~d|* ^`d Sfjg~* ~`d B|k`nfgkd{be edq{sbsd|* kb||fdn ~`d `dbnjfed{?

@gjv Giifkd/ Kgendme{ ^dbk`fea ben Bk~fge{ gi [~% Ldednfk~{ Kde~d|% (/Egq ~`d [bk|dn

Kgea|dab~fge ig| Ngk~|fed gi ~`d Ibf~`&

^`d b|~fkjd beegtekdn ~`b~ B|k`lf{`gs Kt{`fea |dkdfydn b jd~~d| i|gm \gmd* ldb|fea ~`d {faeb~t|d gi

@f{ Dmfedekd Kb|nfebj Mb|k`d~~f-[bjydaafbef% ^`f{ jd~~d|* f~ qb{ {bfn* be{qd|dn ~`d gsfefge{ benkge~de~fge{ gi [bfe~ Ldednfk~ Kde~d|%

Gejv sb|~{ gi ~`d jd~~d| i|gm ~`d @gjv Giifkd qd|d |ds|fe~dn fe ^`d Sfjg~% B|k`lf{`gs Kt{`fea

fmmdnfb~djv {de~ eg~fkd{ ~g ~`d sb|f{`d{ ben |djfafgt{ `gt{d{ ~`|gta`gt~ ~`d b|k`nfgkd{d kgmmbenfea{fjdekd ge ~`d mb~~d|% ^`d|d qd|d ~g ld eg {d|mge{ g| dyde kgeyd|{b~fge{ blgt~ ~`d ngk~|fed% ^`f{ qb{

fenddn b |b~`d| {~|bead ndk|dd i|gm \gmd ben be dyde {~|bead| ged i|gm ~`d b|k`lf{`gs% \gmd `bn

{tssg{dnjv sb{{dn ifebj otnamde~ ge b ngk~|febj f{{td ben eg ged kbe ~bjh blgt~ f~7 ^`d itjj ~dp~ gi ~`djd~~d| qb{ eg~ stljf{`dn fe ^`d Sfjg~ te~fj ~`|dd vdb|{ jb~d| fe [ds~dmld| 2649-10& ~bta`~ ~`b~ eg nf{~fek~fge f{ ~g ld mbnd

ld~qdde ngamb b{ f~ f{ ndifedn ben f~{ mdbefea% Ngamb mt{~ ldtend|{~ggn lv ~`d yd|v {de{d lv q`fk` f~ f{ ndifedn%

/Yb~fkbe F (209613& ndk|ddn ~`b~ tend|{~benfea gi f~{ {bk|dnngamb{ mt{~ ld sd|sd~tbjjv |d~bfedn* q`fk` @gjv Mg~`d| K`t|k` `b{

gekd ndkjb|dn8 ben ~`d|d mt{~ edyd| ld |dkd{{fge i|gm ~`b~ mdbefea tend| ~`d {sdkfgt{ ebmd gi b

nddsd| tend|{~benfea% Ndf Ifjft{* K` >

/Sgsd [~% Sft{ P (263;-2>& fe ~`d Gb~` Babfe{~ Mgnd|ef{m |dodk~dn ~`d ndydjgsmde~ gi ngamb b{ b

k`bead i|gm ged mdbefea ~g beg~`d|% Eg~`fea dj{d f{ ~g ld ldjfdydn g~`d| ~`be ~`d qg|n{* ~bta`~ ~`d


9/17

6

sgsd% ^`d ~|t~` f{ bl{gjt~d* tek`beadbljd* bkkg|nfea ~g Sgsd [~% Sft{ P f~ f{ ~g ld tend|{~ggn fe eg

g~`d| qbv ~`be lv ~`d qg|n{%

^`d jd~~d| bj{g kjbfmdn ~`b~ ~`d Kde~d|{ sg{f~fge kge~|bnfk~{ ~`d s|gegtekdmde~{ gi Sft{ PFF

kgekd|efea ~`d |djb~fge{`fs ~g ~`d K`t|k` gi ~`g{d q`g b|d eg~ gi ~`d Igjn% ^`d |did|dekd `d|d f{ ~g ~`ddekvkjfkbj Mv{~fkf Kg|sg|f{ gi 26>;%

Lt~ Sgsd Sft{ PFF {~b~d{ yd|v kjdb|jv ~`b~? gejv ~`g{d ~g ld fekjtndn b{ mdmld|{ gi ~`d K`t|k` b|d~`g{d q`g `byd ldde lbs~fzdn ben s|gid{{ ~`d ~|td ibf~`%

Babfe fe sb|ba|bs` +


10/17

23

^`d Kgtekfj gi ^|de~ kjdb|jv ~dbk`d{ ~`d edkd{{f~v gi ibf~` ben lbs~f{m ~`b~ ~`d{d b|d ~`dfenf{sde{bljd mdbe{ ig| ot{~fifkb~fge ben {bjyb~fge% ^`d{d fenf{sde{bljd mdbe{ b|d ~`d |gbn ~g ~`d agbj*

~`d mdbe{ ~g ~`d den% ^`f{ ldfea {g* dyde fi vgt {fekd|djv ~bhd ~`d q|gea |gbn vgt kbeeg~ b||fyd b~ ~`d

nd{f|dn nd{~feb~fge% Bkkg|nfea ~g ^|de~* be fmsjfkf~ nd{f|d f{e~ dyde degta` ~g ad~ {gmdlgnv ot{~fifdn*jd~ bjged {bydn"

^`f{ tengtl~dnjv f{ eg~ ~`d {de{d fe q`fk` ~`d K`t|k` `d|{dji tend|{~ben{ ~`f{ ngamb% ^g s|d~den^|de~ ~dbk`d{ ~`b~ fmsjfkf~ nd{f|d f{ {tiifkfde~ ig| {bjyb~fge f{ qf{`itj ~`fehfea%

Bjgea ~`d {bmd jfed{* Mgnd|ef{~{ qd|d b~~dms~fea ~g mv{~fkbjjv tef~d ege-ldjfdyd|{ ben sb|~fbjldjfdyd|{ ~g ~`d Mv{~fkbj Lgnv b{ mdmld|{ gi ~`d [gtj gi ~`d K`t|k`% ^`f{ ~`dg|v gi ybatd

mdmld|{`fs b~~|flt~bljd ~g {gmd hfen gi {sf|f~tbj kgeedk~fge qf~` ~`d K`t|k` qb{ {s|dbn nd{sf~d ~`d

kjdb| ~dbk`fea ge ~`d mb~~d| lv Sgsd Jdg PFFF8 Jd~ f~ {tiifkd ~g {bv ~`b~* b{ K`|f{~ f{ ~`d @dbn gi ~`d

K`t|k`* {g f{ ~`d @gjv [sf|f~ `d| {gtj% Nfyfetm Fjjtn

Babfe* Sgsd Sft{ PFF{ Mv{~fkf Kg|sg|f{ rtg~d{ ~`f{ sb{{bad i|gm Jdg PFFF ben djblg|b~fea ge f~ bnn{

~`b~ q`fjd ~`d [sf|f~ gi Od{t{ K`|f{~ (~`d @gjv [sf|f~& lv @f{ a|bkd s|gyfnd{ ig| ~`d kge~fetbj a|gq~`gi ~`d K`t|k`* @d vd~ |dit{d{ ~g nqdjj ~`|gta` {bek~fivfea a|bkd fe ~`g{d mdmld|{ ~`b~ b|d q`gjjv

{dyd|dn i|gm ~`d Lgnv%+44

@d {~b~d{ dj{dq`d|d fe ~`d {bmd dekvkjfkbj* Ig| fe ged [sf|f~ {bv{ ~`d Bsg{~jd* qd|d qd bjj lbs~fzdn

fe~g ged Lgnv 2Kg|% 2


11/17

22

Dyd|v ~fmd b kgeyd|~ qb{ |dkdfydn fe~g ~`d K`t|k` ~`d Blot|b~fge gi @d|d{v g| S|gid{{fge gi Ibf~`qb{ mbnd lv ~`d sd|{ge ldkgmfea Kb~`gjfk?

F WWWWWWW* `byfea ldig|d md ~`d `gjv Ag{sdj{* q`fk` F ~gtk` qf~` mv `ben{* ben hegqfea ~`b~ eg gedkbe ld {bydn qf~`gt~ ~`b~ ibf~` q`fk` ~`d @gjv Kb~`gjfk Bsg{~gjfk \gmbe K`t|k` `gjn{* ldjfdyd{ ben

~dbk`d{* babfe{~ q`fk` F a|fdyd ~`b~ F `byd a|db~jv d||dn

^`f{ f{ eg jgead| |drtf|dn%

F~ qb{ b ~|t~` ~`d {bfe~{ nfdn ndidenfea% [bfe~{ Sd~d| Mbyfmdet{ (Idl


12/17

26* `d |dmfendn `f{ {tsd|fg| gi

~`d {kbenbj kbt{dn8 q`b~ `b|m qb{ ldfea nged lv eg~ s|g~dk~fea ged gi `f{ s|fd{~{ q`g f{ ndidenfea ~`dibf~`% @d b{hdn ig| be feyd{~fab~fge gi ~`d g|~`gngpv gi ~`d Od{tf~{ nf|dk~fea ~`d Edq Deajben S|gyfekd%

B |d{sge{d kbmd igt| mge~`{ jb~d|* b {tmmge{ ig| Ib~`d| Iddedv

~g bssdb| ldig|d b ~|fltebj* ig| `f{ nf{mf{{bj i|gm ~`d [gkfd~v% ^`dotnad qb{ ~g ld b eg~dn Od{tf~ kbegef{~ i|gm ~`d A|dag|fbe

Tefyd|{f~v fe \gmd% Ib~`d| Iddedv s|g~d{~dn ~`f{ ldkbt{d `d qb{

kjdb|jv ldfea otnadn ig| nf{gldnfdekd% ^`d ngk~|febj f{{td qb{babfe ldfea {kt~~jdn%

@d q|g~d beg~`d| jd~~d| ~g ~`d Aded|bj gi ~`d [gkfd~v b jgea

nd~bfjdn bkkgte~ gi ~`d nf{st~d%@d babfe |dydbjdn q`b~ ~`d [tsd|fg| {t|djv bj|dbnv hedq ldkbt{d

f~ qb{ sb|~ gi `f{ sgjfkv gi dpsdnfdekv?

F kbeeg~ {~gs |dsdb~fea ~`b~ f~ f{ ~g~bjjv fmsg{{fljd ~g tend|{~ben

ben otnad ~`d nf{st~d ld~qdde mv S|gyfekfbj ben mv{dji fi ~`d

s|fmd ibk~g|* ~`d ngk~|fed gi ~`d edkd{{f~v gi ~`d K`t|k` ben gi{tlmf{{fge ~g ~`d \gmbe Sge~fii ig| {bjyb~fge* f{ kge{~be~jv

edajdk~dn ben ygjte~b|fjv faeg|dn* q|g~d Ib~`d| Iddedv%

B{ b s|gid{{dn Ib~`d| fe ~`d [gkfd~v* Ib~`d| Iddedv b{{d|~dn `f{ |fa`~ ~g |dit{d ~g ld otnadn lv b

~|fltebj ~`b~ `bn bj|dbnv |dbk`dn f~{ yd|nfk~% Dyde kgekd|efea ~`d st|djv nf{kfsjfeb|v f{{td gigldnfdekd* ntd s|gkd{{ ndmbendn ~`b~ Ib~`d| Iddedv{ bkkt{b~fge ~`b~ `f{ {tsd|fg| qb{ atfj~v gi

~v|beefkbj ben teot{~ agyd|emde~ ld jfhdqf{d `db|n%

Ib~`d| kgekjtndn `f{ jd~~d|* F bm sd|idk~jv qfjjfea ~g bssdb| ldig|d be fmsb|~fbj kgt|~ fe g|nd| ~g

ndiden mv{dji babfe{~ ~`d ibj{d bkkt{b~fge{ gi mv bnyd|{b|fd{* fi mv otnad{ ng eg~ sd|{f{~de~jv ~|v ~gfaeg|d ~`d ngk~|febj kge~|gyd|{v* ig| f~ f{ ~`d lb{f{ gi mv {g-kbjjdn nf{gldnfdekd ben ~`d kbt{d gi

dyd|v~`fea ~`b~ `b{ ~bhde sjbkd {fekd jb{~ [ds~dmld|

@d |dmfendn ~`d Aded|bj ~`b~ ~`d kge~|gyd|{v `bn ~bhde sjbkd ldkbt{d `f{ S|gyfekfbj ben ~`d

b|k`nfgkd{be bt~`g|f~fd{ gssg{d `f{ g|~`gngp ngk~|fed{ ben qf{` ~g nd{~|gv ~`dm% @d bj{g |db{{d|~dn `f{

sg{f~fge ~`b~ ~`f{ f{ b mb~~d| gi kge{kfdekd b{ b s|fd{~ ben b Od{tf~ q`g{d if|{~ nt~v f{ ~g s|d{d|yd fe~bk~~`d Kb~`gjfk Ibf~` babfe{~ dyd|v feegyb~fge ben dyd|v `d|d{v%

Ntd s|gkd{{* f~ qb{ dyfnde~* qb{ eg~ agfea ~g ld igjjgqdn% Ib~`d| qb{ nf{mf{{dn i|gm ~`d Od{tf~{ fe

Gk~gld| 26>6 ig| {d|fgt{ ben sd|mbede~ nf{gldnfdekd%

Edb|jv b vdb| jb~d|* fe Btat{~ 2643* ~`d|d bssdb|dn Sgsd Sft{ PFF{ dekvkjfkbj @tmbef Aded|f{ fe

q`fk`* qf~`gt~ ebmfea ~`d ktjs|f~{* `d bnn|d{{dn ~`d mbev ibj{d gsfefge{ de~d|fea ~`d K`t|k` ben

tend|mfefea Kb~`gjfk ngk~|fed% Kb~`gjfk ~`dgjgafbe{ `bn ldde `b|n b~ qg|h ndmv~`gjgafzfea ~`dyd|v igtenb~fge{ gi ~`d Kb~`gjfk ibf~`% Fe ~`d s|gkd{{* ~`d ngk~|fed gi g|fafebj {fe* ben bjj |djb~dn


13/17

2;

ngamb~fk ~dbk`fea blgt~ mbe* {fe ben |dndms~fge qd|d kge{drtde~jv ldfea |dfe~d|s|d~dn%

Gi a|db~ fmsg|~bekd b|d ~`d{d {~b~dmde~{ fe ~`d dekvkjfkbj? [gmd ~`feh ~`b~ ~`dv b|d eg~ lgten lv ~`d

ngk~|fed (fe Mv{~fkf Kg|sg|f{& q`fk` ~dbk`d{ ~`b~ ~`d Mv{~fkbj Lgnv gi K`|f{~ ben ~`d K`t|k` b|d

ged ben ~`d {bmd [gmd |dntkd ~g b dms~v (mdbefeajd{{& ig|mtjb ~`d edkd{{f~v gi ldjgeafea ~g ~`d~|td K`t|k` fe g|nd| ~g b~~bfe d~d|ebj {bjyb~fge%

^`f{ f{ ~`d dpbk~ qg|nfea Ib~`d| Iddedv `bn t{dn fe b {~b~dmde~ ~g ~`d s|d{{ q`de `d qb{ {fjdekdn ~`dgjgafbe{ ~gnbv b|d mbhfea ~`d ngk~|fed{ gi ~`d K`t|k` bl{gjt~djv mdbefeajd{{% \dsg|~d|{ i|gm

TSF ben ~`d Edq Vg|h fmd{ sfkhdn f~ ts |fa`~ bqbv% ^`d Sgsd qb{ {bvfea ~`d {bmd ~`fea b{ Ib~`d|

Iddedv% ^`d @gjv Ib~`d| `bn kgeif|mdn ~`d K`t|k`{ {gjdme ngk~|fed* ~g ~`d a|db~ ogv ben |djfdi giIb~`d| Iddedv ben [bfe~ Ldednfk~ Kde~d|% ^`df| djb~fge kbmd ~g b {tnnde den* `gqdyd|* q`de Bmd|fkbe

~`dgjgafbe{ ldabe ~g bebjvzd ~`d Sgsd{ {~b~dmde~{% ^`d{d {dji bssgfe~dn fe~d|s|d~d|{ gi ~`d Sgsd{

dekvkjfkbj qd|d {gge feig|mfea ~`d |dbnd|{ gi ~`d Bmd|fkbe Dkkjd{fb{~fkbj \dyfdq ~`b~ ~`d ged{ q`g

|dntkd ~g b mdbefeajd{{ ig|mtjb ~`d edkd{{f~v gi ldjgeafea ~g ~`d ~|td K`t|k` b|d Ib~`d| Iddedv ben[bfe~ Ldednfk~ Kde~d|" [f{~d| Kb~`d|fed fe Ab~d gi @dbyde be{qd|{ ~`f{ bl{t|nf~v qf~`* Ben q`b~ f{

Ib~`d| Iddedv ben [bfe~ Ldednfk~ Kde~d| {bvfea blgt~ ~`d ngk~|fed q`fk` mbhd{ f~ mdbefeajd{{7 ^`dv

b|d {bvfea f~ mdbe{ dpbk~jv q`b~ f~ {bv{% s%

Q`fjd ~`d dekvkjfkbj qb{ {gge ig|ag~~de* ~`d 26>6 jd~~d| ~g ~`d B|k`lf{`gs gi Lg{~ge qb{ eg~% Kt{`fea

ndmbendn ~`d fmsg{{fljd - kgmsjfbekd qf~` ~`d jd~~d| i|gm \gmd dyde ~`gta` f~ `bn edyd| lddekgmmtefkb~dn fe f~{ de~f|d~v ~g Ib~`d| Iddedv g| bevged b~ [bfe~ Ldednfk~ Kde~d|%

[`g|~jv bi~d| ~`d ndb~` gi Kb|nfebj Mb|k`d~~f-[bjybafbeef ben ~`d stljfkb~fge gi `f{ de~f|d jd~~d|* Ib~`d|

Iddedv |dkdfydn be giifkfbj kgmmtefkb~fge i|gm \gmd fe Gk~gld| 264


14/17

2>

Sfzzb|ng |d{sgendn qf~` ~`d ~`|db~ gi bt~gmb~fk dpkgmmtefkb~fge ig| ibfjfea ~g kgmsjv%

B~ ~`f{ {bmd ~fmd {gmd tehegqe {gt|kd df~`d| b~ ~`d @gjv Giifkd g| fe ~`d B|k`nfgkd{d qb{ feig|mfea

~`d s|d{{ fe ~`d Tef~dn [~b~d{ blgt~ ~`d s|gkddnfea{ mb~~d|{ {~|fk~jv kgeifnde~fbj fe eb~t|d% Lv qbv gi

f|gefk ~qf{~* Ib~`d| Iddedv sgfe~dn gt~ fe ged gi `f{ jd~~d|{ ~g Kb|nfebj Sfzzb|ng ~`b~ `d g| q`gdyd| qb{|d{sge{fljd ig| ~`d l|dbk` gi kgeifnde~fbjf~v kgtjn ld fs{g ibk~g dpkgmmtefkb~dn bkkg|nfea ~g kbege

jbq%

Tend| ~`d{d kf|ktm{~bekd{ Ib~`d| Iddedv k`g{d eg~ ~g ag ~g \gmd ben sb|~fkfsb~d fe ~`f{ glyfgt{

k`b|bnd% Fe Idl|tb|v 264;* `d qb{ ndkjb|dn* dpkgmmtefkb~dn ig| a|byd nf{gldnfdekd ~g ~`d

K`t|k`%

Be bssdbj* be giifkfbj kgmsjbfe~ gi etjjf~v qb{ {de~ ~g \gmd fe ~`d {tmmd| gi 264; ~g ~`d [dk|d~b|fb~

ig| Dp~|bg|nfeb|v Dkkjd{fb{~fkbj Biibf|{ `dbndn lv M{a|% Afgybeef Lb~~f{~b Mge~fef* q`g jb~d| ldkbmd

Sgsd Sbtj YF% ^`d dpkgmmtefkb~fge ~`d kgmsjbfe~ b|atdn qb{ tekbegefkbj ben kge{drtde~jvetjj ben ygfn% ^`d ndk|dd qb{ ndidk~fyd ig| ~`d{d fmsg|~be~ |db{ge{?

- B {de~dekd ~`b~ f{ te{tssg|~dn lv b jdabj s|gkddnfea* fe q`fk` ~`d bkkt{dn `b{ ldde eg~fifdn gi ~`dk`b|ad{ babfe{~ `fm* {g ~`b~ `d qgtjn `byd be gssg|~tef~v ~g ndiden `fm{dji* f{ ygfn ge f~{ ibkd%

- Ig| ybjfnf~v* ~`d otnamde~ gi b kgt|~ mt{~ ld gyd| ~`d {faeb~t|d gi ged gi f~{ otnad{* ged gi ~`d

kb|nfebj{ ge ~`d ~|fltebj* q`d|db{ b eg~b|v bjged {faedn f~%- ^`d ndk|dd jbkhdn ~`d {dbj gi ~`d @gjv Giifkd%

- Edf~`d| ~`d {de~dekd f~{dji eg| b kgsv qb{ dyd| ~|be{mf~~dn ~g ~`d bkkt{dn% Ib~`d| Iddedv `db|n blgt~

f~ ~`|gta` |ds|d{de~b~fyd{ gi ~`d {dktjb| s|d{{%

Babfe* \gmd edyd| |d{sgendn ~g ~`d{d glodk~fge{%

Lg~` `f{ ngk~|febj sg{f~fge ben ~`d bt~`g|f~v gi kbege jbq tengtl~dnjv s|g~dk~dn Ib~`d| Iddedv% Egfeot{~fkd lv ~`g{d q`g blt{d ~`d bt~`g|f~v gi ~`d K`t|k` kgtjn k`bead ~`f{% Mbev gi ~`d {bfe~{* f~

{`gtjn ld eg~dn* qd|d yfjfifdn* fe~d|nfk~dn* dpkgmmtefkb~dn* dyde mb|~v|dn lv ~`g{d gi ~`df| gqe ibf~`%

^`d s|d{{* lg~` Kb~`gjfk ben {dktjb|* ~ggh ts ~`d {~g|v ben {s|dbn ~`d ndjfld|b~d mf{|ds|d{de~b~fge* ~`d

lfa jfd ~`b~ `b{ ldde |dsdb~dn dyd| {fekd? Ib~`d| Iddedv qb{ dpkgmmtefkb~dn ig| ~dbk`fea dp~|bdkkjd{fbm etjjb {bjt{- ben jd~ ~`b~ ld b jd{{ge ~g bevged dj{d q`g ~|fd{%

^g ~`f{ nbv ~`d mv~` kge~fetd{% Ib~`d| Sd~d| [~|byfe{hb{* b{ dnf~g| gi Gt| [tenbv Yf{f~g|{ Kb~`gjfk

Dekvkjgsdnfb* bjjgqdn ~`f{ ~g ld stljf{`dn? I|gm ~`d{d bt~`g|f~b~fyd ~dbk`fea{* f~ qgtjn {ddm kjdb|~`b~ ~`d|d f{ gejv ged kgekjt{fge? bevged q`g nfd{ qf~`gt~ Lbs~f{m fe ~`d \gmbe Kb~`gjfk K`t|k` f{

kgendmedn ~g `djj% Ig| mbfe~bfefea dpbk~jv ~`f{ kgekjt{fge* `gqdyd|* be Bmd|fkbe Od{tf~* Ib~`d|

Jdgeb|n Iddedv* [%O%* qb{ if|{~ dpsdjjdn i|gm ~`d [gkfd~v gi Od{t{ ben ~`de dpkgmmtefkb~dn fe ~`d26>3{%


15/17

24

FP

^`d {~g|v mbv qdjj `byd dendn qf~` ~`d Kde~d| kjg{dn ben f~{ nf|dk~g| bssb|de~jv dpkgmmtefkb~dn% Lt~

qf~` |b|d ig|d{fa`~ ben kgt|bad* Ib~`d| Iddedv* Kb~`d|fed Kjb|h ben ~`df| b{{gkfb~d{* fe ~`d mfn{~ gi ~`d

kge~|gyd|{v* ig|mdn ~`d |djfafgt{ kgea|dab~fge* ^`d [jbyd{ gi ~`d Fmmbktjb~d @db|~ gi Mb|v%

[f{~d| Kb~`d|fed fe ~`d Dsfjgatd gi

`d| lggh* Ab~d gi @dbyde (2642&

{~b~d{ ~`b~ ~`d kgea|dab~fge qb{igtendn fe Obetb|v* 26>6* ~`|dd

mge~`{ ldig|d qd qd|d nf{kfsjfedn

lv gt| B|k`lf{`gs ig| kge~fetfea ~gs|gid{{ ~`d ndifedn ngk~|fed{ gi ~`d

K`t|k` ge {bjyb~fge Qd qd|d

ldafeefea ~g |dbjfzd ~`d k`b|bk~d| gi

~`d lb~~jd ldig|d t{* eg~ gejv ig| ~`ds|d{d|yb~fge gi ~`d {bk|dn ngamb{

gi ~`d K`t|k`* lt~ bk~tbjjv ig| ~`df|

|d{~g|b~fge% F~ qb{ ~g s|dsb|dgt|{djyd{ lv s|bvd| ben nf{kfsjfed*

ben ~g {dkt|d a|bkd{ degta` ~g

debljd t{ ~g ibkd {tk` b lb~~jd* ~`b~qd ldkbmd b |djfafgt{ g|nd|%

Ib~`d| Iddedv ben ~`d [jbyd{ gi ~`d Fmmbktjb~d @db|~ gi Mb|v kge~fetdn ~g idb|jd{{jv ~dbk` ~`d ibf~`fe {db{ge ben gt~ gi {db{ge% Ig| {dyde vdb|{ ~`dv s|dbk`dn ~g k|gqn{ ge Lg{~ge Kgmmge dyd|v

[tenbv% ^`|gta` ~`df| stljf{`fea bsg{~gjb~d ~`dv nf{~|flt~dn `ten|dn{ gi ~`gt{ben{ gi ngk~|febj benndyg~fgebj lggh{ eb~fge-qfnd%

Fe 2640 ~`d kgmmtef~v mgydn i|gm Kbml|fnad ~g [~fjj \fyd|% de vdb|{ jb~d|* fe 2690* [f{~d| Kb~`d|fed

Kjb|hd nfdn%

Fe 261< bjj ~`d bssb|de~ kde{t|d{ qd|d jfi~dn i|gm Ib~`d| Iddedv* qf~`gt~ `f{ `byfea ~g |d~|bk~ bev gi

`f{ ~dbk`fea{% @bn `d ldde* b{ {gmd {bv* kgendmedn ig| `f{ ngk~|fed `d qgtjn `byd ldde |drtf|dn ~g

|dstnfb~d `f{ d||g|% ^`d |db{ge ig| ~`f{ f{ kjdb|jv {~b~dn lv Sgsd Feegkde~ F q`g ~bta`~ ~`b~Kgmmtefge gekd l|ghde gii kbeeg~ ld |dedqdn te~fj ~`d sd|{ge{ kgekd|edn afyd s|ggi ~`b~ ~`d

|db{ge{ ig| q`fk` kgmmtefge qb{ l|ghde gii b|d eg jgead| gsd|b~fyd%

Ge Obetb|v ;3* 2610* Ib~`d| Iddedv nfdn* b Kb~`gjfk ben b s|fd{~ fe aggn {~benfea* tef~dn ~g ~`d K`t|k`

i|gm q`fk`* `d |fa`~itjjv kjbfmdn* `d edyd| `bn ldde {dsb|b~dn%


16/17

29

P

Ib~`d| Iddedv{ jdabkv jfyd{ ge% Fe ~`d ~t|ltjde~ vdb|{ igjjgqfea Yb~fkbe FF* ^`d [jbyd{ gi ~`d

Fmmbktjb~d @db|~ gi Mb|v |d~bfedn ~`df| {~dbnib{~ bn`d|dekd ~g ~`d ~|bnf~fge{ gi ~`d ibf~`* fe sb|~fktjb|

~`d ^|fnde~fed Jb~fe Mb{{ ben ~`d ngamb eg {bjyb~fge gt~{fnd ~`d K`t|k`% Tend| Mb|v{ s|g~dk~fge*~`d kgea|dab~fge qb{ s|d{d|ydn i|gm ~`d ndyb{~b~fge ~`b~ `b{ sjbatdn ~`d sg{~-kgekfjfb| d|b%

^`d jb{~


17/17

21

ld gl{d|ydn% Itjifjjfea ~`d{d lb{fk |drtf|dmde~{* ^`f|n G|nd| mdmld|{ `byd b~ `ben ~`d db{fd{~* {t|d{~

mdbe{ gi {bek~fivfea ben tef~fea ~`df| ibmfjfd{% ^`dv mbv bj{g bk~fydjv sb|~fkfsb~d fe ~`d Kde~d|{bsg{~gjfk qg|h{ lv s|bvfea ben {bk|fifkfea ig| kgeyd|{fge{* lv s|gmg~fea ben nf{~|flt~fea ~`d Kde~d|{

jf~d|b~t|d* ben lv mbev g~`d| kg|sg|bj ben {sf|f~tbj qg|h{ gi md|kv%

^`d Kb~`gjfk K`t|k` egq* mg|d ~`be dyd|* eddn{ ~`d q`gjd`db|~dn ndnfkb~fge gi f~{ ibf~`itj {ge{ ben

nbta`~d|{% ^`f{ kbjj{ ig| teqbyd|fea jgvbj~v ~g ~`d K`t|k`{ ngk~|fed b{ {de~ ig|~` fe sbsbj

s|gegtekdmde~{ ben bjj ~`d ~|bnf~fgebj ~dbk`fea{ gi ~`d K`t|k`% ^`d [jbyd{ gi ~`d Fmmbktjb~d @db|~ giMb|v `byd kge{dk|b~dn ~`df| de~f|d jfyd{ ~g ~`f{ mg{~ {bk|dn den% S|bv ~`b~ Gt| Jbnv qfjj {`gq `d|

kgmsb{{fge ge ~`d qg|jn lv ig|mfea mbev {tk` bsg{~jd{* q`g {d~~fea b{fnd bjj sd|{gebj bmlf~fge ben

abfe qg|h {gjdjv ig| ~`d ajg|v gi Agn ben ~`d {bjyb~fge gi {gtj{%

[taad{~dn |dbnfea ig| mg|d feig|mb~fge blgt~ ~`d bjj-fmsg|~be~ f{{td{ gi ~`d K`t|k` ben [bjyb~fge?

Bsg{~gjfk Nfad{~* Mfk`bdj Mbjged - ^`d bt~`de~fk ~dbk`fea gi ~`d Kb~`gjfk K`t|k` fe itjjv fendpdn

rtg~b~fge{ i|gm [bk|dn [k|fs~t|d* sbsbj ben kgekfjfb| ndk|dd{* Ib~`d|{* Ngk~g|{ ben {bfe~{% ^`f{ f{ bedp`bt{~fydjv |d{db|k`dn ben ~`g|gta`jv ngktmde~dn |did|dekd lggh gi ngamb%

L|dbn gi Jfid* I|% Jdgeb|n Iddedv ^`d igtend| gi ~`d [jbyd{ gi ~`d Fmmbktjb~d @db|~ gi Mb|vsded~|b~d{ ~`d mv{~d|fd{ gi ~`d Ibf~` ben kgei|ge~{ ~`d d||g|{ gi ~`d nbv fe `f{ k`b|bk~d|f{~fkbjjv

tekgms|gmf{fea mbeed|%

^`d Ged ^|td K`t|k`* I|% B|egjn Nbmde* [O S|gyd{ qf~`gt~ b ngtl~ ~`b~ ~`d gejv K`t|k` K`|f{~

d{~bljf{`dn f{ ~`d Kb~`gjfk K`t|k`%

^`d K`t|k` g| ~`d Lfljd* I|% B|egjn Nbmde* [O - \dit~d{ ~`d S|g~d{~be~ d||g| gi s|fyb~d fe~d|s|d~b~fge

gi ~`d Lfljd%

Jfid-Afyfea Qb~d|{* ^`d [bk|bmde~ gi Lbs~f{m* Bnbm Mfjjd| Be dpkdjjde~ {~tnv gi Lbs~f{m fe b

rtd{~fge ben be{qd| ig|mb~% T{fea ~`d feibjjfljd ~dbk`fea bt~`g|f~v gi ~`d K`t|k`* ~`f{ jf~~jd lgghjd~

dpsjbfe{ ben kjb|fifd{ ~`d eb~t|d ben ~`d edkd{{f~v gi ~`f{ bjj-fmsg|~be~ {bk|bmde~%