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The Holocaust
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Anti-Semitism
Jews are treated as scapegoats and are unfairlyblamed for Germanys problems(unemployment, the Depression, defeat in WWI)
This common hatred unites the majority ofGerman people and it seen as a strength, not aweakness
It is used to manipulate and control the German
people Any group who was opposed to this idea is
targeted and victimized
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The World According to Hitler:
What is a Jew? On November 14, 1935, the Nazis issued thefollowing definition ofa Jew:
Anyone with three Jewish grandparents;someone with two Jewish grandparents whobelonged to the Jewish community onSeptember 15, 1935, or joined thereafter;
was married to a Jew or Jewess on September15, 1935, or married one thereafter;
was the offspring ofa marriage or extramaritalliaison with a Jew on or after September 15,1935.
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Those who were not classified as Jews but who hadsome Jewish blood were categorized as Mischlinge(hybrids)and were divided into two groups:
Mischlinge of the first degree--those with two Jewishgrandparents;Mischlinge of the second degree--those with one Jewishgrandparent.
The Mischlinge were officially excluded from
membership in the Nazi Party and all Party organizations(e.g. SA, SS, etc.). Although they were drafted into theGermany Army, they could not attain the rank ofofficers.They were also barred from the civil service and fromcertain professions. (Individual Mischlinge were,
however, granted exemptions under certaincircumstances.) Nazi officials considered plans tosterilize Mischlinge, but this was never done. DuringWorld War II, first-degree Mischlinge, incarcerated inconcentration camps, were deported to death camps.
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The Treatment of the Jews from
1933-1939 1933 Jewish owned businesses are boycotted.Soldiers stood outside shops to intimidatecustomers.
- Books by Jewish authors are condemnedand burnt in public
1935 The Nuremberg Laws are introduced
- citizenship is revoked
- Jews could not vote or hold a governmentjob
- Jews could not marry other Germans
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1938 November 9 Kristallnacht
- Night of the Crystals
- shop windows aresmashed
- businesses andsynagogues are burned
- All Jews are forced to wear abadge of the Star ofDavid
- children are not allowed to go toschool, pets, drivers licenses andradios are also forbidden
- Many Jews tried to flee but otherEuropean countries were also anti-semitic and were soon to be takenover by Nazi Germany also
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The St. Louis
A boat that left Hamburg on May 13, 1939
937 people fled to Cuba
They had landing permits but once they arrived,
they were denied entry
They appealed to other countries like Canada,
U.S.A., Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Panama
and were denied entry also They returned to Europe (Belgium, France,
Holland, Britain accepted them)
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Ghettos
Ghettos were designatedareas ofcities whereJews were forced to live
They existed in all of the
European cities in thecountries that were takenover by the Nazis
However, as the war wenton, there were too manyJews to round up, it wasa long process so theysimply shot many of them
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The Final Solution
The term "Final Solution"(Endl"sung) refers toGermany's plan to murder allthe Jews ofEurope. The termwas used at the Wannsee
Conference (Berlin; January20,1942) where Germanofficials discussed itsimplementation.
The Nazis establishedextermination camps for killing
en masse
This was genocide using gaschambers
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Jews were sent there by train
and many died on the way
If they were not killedimmediately, they were used
as slave labour until they
could not work anymore, at
which time, they were killed
Most of the camps were in
Poland and the biggest one
was Auschwitz
6 million Jews are killed in
this genocide which isreferred to as the Shoah by
Jews and the Holocaust by
the rest of the world.
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The Others
5 million other people were killed duringthe Holocaust
Homosexuals, the mentally and physicallyhandicapped, the mentally ill, communists,clergy, those who spoke out against theNazis and Hitler, gypsies, intellectuals
Essentially, ifyou did not fit in with Hitlersplanfor a MasterAryan Race, you were indanger ofbeing killed
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When the Nazis came for the communists,I remained silent;I was not a communist.
When they locked up the social democrats,I remained silent;I was not a social democrat.
When they came for the trade unionists,I did not speak out;I was not a trade unionist.
When they came for the Jews,I remained silent;I wasn't a Jew.
When they came for me,there was no one left to speak out.
Pastor Martin Niemoller
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