The latest Status of KIBO Utilization in Japan
Space Environment and Kibo Utilization WorkshopAPRSAF SEU Working Group
February 9‐10, 2017 @Bangkok, Thailand
Fumiaki TANIGAKIJapanese Experiment Module “Kibo” Utilization Center, JAXA
↓ KIBO
New policy to maximize Kibo utilization outcomes
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Since 2015, JAXA has pursued the following new policy to maximize outcome from utilization of the ISS/Kibo.1. Increase both the quantity and quality of Kibo utilization
services.2. Identify and prioritize prospective utilization areas as
“platforms” and make them available to various users. The four platforms are: Supporting research on new drug design Supporting research on aging‐like phenomena Promoting small satellites deployment Promoting various uses of the the Kibo Exposed Facility, etc.
3. Implement a new collaborative framework between Japan and the U.S. called “JP‐U.S. Open Platform Partnership Program” (JP‐US OP3).
New policy to maximize Kibo utilization outcomes
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2008 2010 2012
Searching prospect Kibo utilization Establish new platforms
Kibo Internal Facility
Platform for supporting research on new drug design (e.g. high quality protein crystallization)
2014
ExpansionPhase
2016
Kibo External Facility
2018 2020 2022 2024
Platform for supporting research on aging‐like phenomena (e.g. rodent research)
Platform for promoting small satellites deployment
Platform for promoting various uses of the the Kibo Exposed Facility
Other platforms will be defined in the future. Fundamental research, technology development,
space medicine etc. are promoted as well.
‐ Life/physical sciences
‐ Space medicine, human research
‐ Technology development
‐ Applied research
‐ Commercial use
‐MAXI (All‐sky X‐ray monitoring)
‐ SEDA‐AP (space environment data)
‐ SMILES (global atmosphere obs.)
‐ CALET (calorimetric electron telescope)
‐MCE (consolidated missions)
‐ ExHAM (exposing samples to space)
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Platform for supporting research on new drug design ‐ High‐quality Protein Crystallization in Kibo ‐
High-quality crystallization in space Structural Analysis on Earth
Structure Based Drug Design Example of outcome
Contributing to compound exploration for drug candidates
Drug candidate
Credit: Yoshihiro Urade, Tsukuba university
Less convection & disturbance⇒ Improved crystal quality
(close to or exceeding 1Å)
On Earth In space
Effective exploration of drug candidates (keys) with apparent structure of disease-causing protein (keyhole)
Unraveling molecular structures affecting diseases
Japanese Pharmaceutical companies started to utilize Protein Crystallization in “KIBO” for their research from 2014.
Detailed target protein structure of muscular dystrophy
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JAXA and PeptiDream Inc. have reached a fee‐based agreement on a comprehensive cooperation for the high‐quality protein crystal growth experiment on Kibo (news release on February 24, 2016). PeptiDream is a Japanese world‐leading company in the field of drug
discovery. PeptiDream is focusing on its unprecedented drug discovery platform and the use of cyclic non‐standard peptides.
This comprehensive research collaboration could accelerate structural studies on medically important proteins along with the candidate drugs.
PeptiDream and JAXA both intend to help achieve better human healthcare by creating innovative drugs for the world from Japan.
A non‐standard cyclic peptide bound to a target protein
Platform for supporting research on new drug design ‐ Cooperation with world‐leading drug biopharmaceutical companies‐
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Time to observed
Amou
nt of D
ecrease
3 days300 days 30 days0
40%
20%Elderly on Earth
Bone loss in space
Short
Large
Model organisms (space experiment results using rats, mice, and fish)
Muscle atrophyin space10‐30
times faster
20‐fold severe decrease
Accelerated bone loss and muscle atrophy in space
Platform supporting research on aging‐like phenomena
Space is an accelerated platform for aging research for animals that can help us understand the mechanisms of aging‐like phenomena and develop methods of prevention.
In order to investigate such effects in detail, JAXA established a new rodent research capability in Kibo. One of unique features is
rearing mice in both microgravity and artificial gravity conditions to compare gravitational effects.
JAXA anticipates international collaboration to fulfill outcomes beneficial to human health on Earth and future human space activities.
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Comparison between micro‐G and artificial‐G (1G) conditions in spaceProvide the world’s first long‐term artificial gravity environment for mammals in space.
Individual habitat (1 mouse per cage)Capable of providing a uniform rearing environment of each mouse to minimize variance in growth, prevent physical contact (e.g. fighting), and monitor the behavior of an individual mouse.
Return live mice to earthSkilled researchers can dissect mice for detailed analysis using cutting‐edge techniques.
Unique features rodent research capability
The first JAXA rodent mission demonstrated The first JAXA rodent mission demonstrated 1) successful live return of all mice after a
long‐term (35 days) rearing in space, 2) long‐term mammalian rearing in
artificial gravity condition, and so onfor the first time in the world.
Rearing in Kibo Centrifuge-equipped biological exp. facility
Micro gravity section(6 mice)
Artificial gravity section (6 mice)
JAXA’s new rodent research facility on ISS/Kibo
Launch site Return site
Launch12 mice
Return 12 mice alive
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First experiment using MHU: “Mouse Epigenetics” in 2016 Transcriptome analysis and germ cell development analysis of mice in the
space• To identify the long‐term effects of the space environment on epigenetic changes of DNA
• To clarify the impact of the space environment on mammalian germ cells by production of offspring using the sperm stressed in the space
Ground
Space environmentBehavior observation
Offspring using sperm from space mice
Live return
Pre-launch: Acclimation
Post-landing: Dissectionmale mice Identify the long-term effects in
different organs
Clarify the impact of the spaceenvironment on next generations
JAXA Rodent Research
Aquatic Biology Research
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Fluorescence images of bone (teeth). Green: a marker of osteoclasts; Red: a marker of osteoblasts
56‐days aquatic habitat exp. in KiboBone mineral density decreased 24% in space
Results of the first aquatic habitat experiment in 2012, showed 24% decrease in the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in teeth of space‐flown medaka fish compared with the fish sample on the ground. (Chatani et al, Scientific Reports, 2014)
This observation of accelerated and severe change of bone loss will be beneficial for research on aging‐like phenomenon on Earth, such as osteoporosis.
This was archived by Kibo’s unique capability of successful long‐term (56 days) rearing of vertebrates in space.
In addition to the bone, histological and genetic analyses were conducted for six tissues: brain, eye, ovary, testis, liver and intestine. (Murata et al, PLoS One, 2015)
Reported on 10 newspapers and 2 TV news.
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Electrostatic Levitation Furnace (ELF)
Low Temp High Temp
Conductors(Metal, Alloy)
Insulators(Oxides) ELF(JAXA)
EML(ESA)
Materials map covered by levitators in the ISS
Melt and solidification by containerless processing with heating laser.
Use Coulomb force between charged sample and electrodes.
High speed feed‐back for position control without container.
Measure thermophysical properties (density, surface tension, viscosity) which were hard to obtain with conventional methods.
Data obtainable anytime in an Electrostatic levitator on the ground.
ELF on ISS was launched in 2015. Initial Function Checkout is on going.
Only ELF can process High temperature in insulator materials
CB (Clean Bench)
CBEF (Cell Biology Experiment Facility)
SAIBO Rack KOBAIRO Rack
GHF (Gradient Heating Furnace)
RYUTAI Rack
PCRF (Protein Crystallization
Research Facility)
FPEF (Fluid Physics Experiment
Facility)
SCOF (Solution Crystallization Observation
Facility)
IPU (Image
Processing Unit)
FPEF
IPU SCOF
PCRF
Multi-purpose Small Payload Rack 1,2
ELF (Electrostatic Levitation Furnace)
Super Sensitive HDV CAM
CCE(Chamber for Combustion Experiment)
MSPR
AQH(AQuatic Habitat)
FROST(On-board Refrigerator)
MHU(Mouse Habitat Unit)
4K Ultra HDV CAM
J-SSOD(Small Satellite Orbit Deployer)
Fluorescence Microscope
Kibo Pressurized (internal) Utilization FacilitiesHigh Definition TV System
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Kibo has a unique Exposed Facility (EF) with an Airlock (AL) and a Remote Manipulator System (JEMRMS), and has a high capacity to exchange experimental equipment.
JEM Exposed Facility (JEM EF)Components and Experiment Equipment
①
②
③
④
⑤
①JEM Remote Manipulator System (JEMRMS)JEMRMS is a robotic arm used to exchange experimental equipments and deploy small satellite.
②JEM AirlockThis airlock is used to transfer equipment between a pressurized module an Exposed Facility.
③JEM Small Satellite Orbital Deployer (J‐SSOD)④IVA‐replaceable Small Exposed Experiment Platform (i‐SEEP)⑤Exposed Experiment Handrail Attachment Mechanism (ExHAM)
Platform for promoting various use of the Kibo Exposed Facility
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Launched by H‐IIB/HTV5 in 2015 CALET is astrophysics mission that searches for
signatures of dark matter and provides the highest energy direct measurements of the cosmic ray electron spectrum in order to observe discrete sources of high energy particle acceleration in our local region of the Galaxy.
JAXA and Waseda University started global‐leading direct electron observations in the extremely high‐energy region of Tera electron volt (TeV, one trillion electron volts) CALET in October, 2015.
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Scientific Research of Exposed Facility
CALET(CALorimetric Electron Telescope)
MAXI(Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image)
Launched by STS‐127 in 2009 The MAXI investigation is designed to continuously
monitor, through a systematic survey, X‐ray sources and variabilities as the International Space Station (ISS) orbits Earth. MAXI is comprised of a couple highly sensitive X‐ray detectors, the Gas Slit Camera (GSC) and the Solid‐state Slit Camera (SSC). Besides the goal of performing a complete sky survey, this research helps to address fundamental astrophysics questions and allows researchers to better understand the current state and evolution of our Universe.
Onset of relativistic jet from a black hole consuming a star.
X-rays afterglow of huge gamma-ray bursts[Image credit:NASA/Swift]
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[Image credit of ※:RIKEN,JAXA,MAXI team]
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MAXI all-sky map [Image credit:RIKEN,JAXA,MAXI team]
JAXA provides opportunities for launching small satellites with the purposes:
To contribute for easy and fast launch and operation of small satellites by private enterprises and universities, expanding the application of the space development and capacity building.
To promote a new industry with space development by using the small satellites.
To improve the developing countries space technology.
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Platform for promoting small satellites deployment‐ JEM Small Satellite Orbital Deployer (J‐SSOD) ‐
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Platform for promoting small satellites deployment‐ JAXA’s first successful of 50 kg‐class microsatellite deployment ‐
JAXA, Tohoku University, Hokkaido University, the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) of the Republic of the Philippines, and the University of the Philippines Diliman, successfully deployed “DIWATA‐1,” the first Philippines microsatellite. The development and manufacture of the DIWATA‐1, the first satellite developed by the Philippines,
was led by young engineers dispatched by the Philippines’ DOST, along with guidance from Tohoku and Hokkaido Universities.
With this first successful deployment of deploying a 50 kg‐class microsatellite, JAXA enhanced its deployment capacity in addition to that of the CubeSat‐class satellite.
JAXA plans to increase the simultaneous deployment capacity of the CubeSat‐class satellites from the current 6U to 12U, and then to 18U.
JAXA expects that the use and operation of microsatellites will further expand in the Asian region and beyond.
DIWATA‐1 deployment from the Kibo robot arm Staff watching DIWATA‐1 deployment at Tsukuba Space Center
JAXA encourage international applicants to collaborate with Japanese universities orprivate enterprises.
More than 100 satellites have been deployed from Kibo and JAXA is promoting more deployment opportunities.
Kibo CUBEUnited Nations and JAXA launched joint initiative “KiboCUBE” which will offersmall satellite deployment opportunities from Kibo in order to facilitate improved space technologies in developing countries. (CubeSat (1U)/ once a year 2017‐2019)
Small satellite deployment mission (J‐SSOD)
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Future Solar Power Sail Mission
IKAROS
Thin‐film Solar Cell
Reflectivity Control Device
Reinforcing Tape
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Lightweight and High‐Precision Carbon Composite Mirrors
(CFRP Mirror)
ExHAM
ISS/JEM
Sample
Exposure Test
Compare the data of ground environmental tests with a sample exposure & return experiment
Carbon Composite Mirror (Sample)
Future Space Telescope and Antenna Future Solar Power Sail Mission
Functional Thin Film Devices for Future Solar Sail Mission
Compare the data of IKAROS with a sample exposure & return experiment
ExHAM provides easier and more frequent opportunities for small sized experiments.
Material exposure mission (ExHAM)
Platform for promoting various use of the Kibo Exposed Facility‐ Exposed Experiment Handrail Attachment Mechanism (ExHAM) ‐
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The platform (i‐SEEP) was launched and onboard checkout was successfully completed.
Payloads can be launched through any ISS transportation vehicles (HTV, Dragon, Cygnus and Progress) as an internal cargo contained in soft bag.
The platform is usable for technical demonstration of various sensors or a test bed.
The platform also allows us to expose samples or devices outside the ISS, exchange them, and then return them to the Earth easily and frequently.
i-SEEP(without payload)
Payload can be launched in a soft bag
Platform for promoting various use of the Kibo Exposed Facility‐ IVA‐replaceable Small Exposed Experiment Platform (i‐SEEP) ‐
The Mission of Astronaut Takuya Onishi in 2016
Japanese astronaut Takuya Onishi stayed onboard the ISS from July 2016 to October 2016.
His activities are reported in “Monthly News”.http://iss.jaxa.jp/en/monthly/2016/
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(1) Rodent ResearchOnishi contributed to the first JAXA rodent mission.
(2) Biological Rhythms 48 (medical experiment) "The Effect of Long-term Microgravity Exposure on Cardiac Autonomic Function by Analyzing 24-hour Electrocardiogram" (Biological Rhythms) is used to comprehensively evaluate the electrical activity of cardiac autonomic nerves and the biological rhythms between wakefulness and sleep, by recording an electrocardiogram using a portable Holter monitor for 48 hours.
(3) Electrostatic Levitation Furnace (ELF)Function checkout is on going.
(4) Chamber for Combustion Experiment (CCE)Function checkout is on going.
(5) Asian Try Zero-G 2016Onishi conducted the selected small experiments proposed by students in Asia-Pacific region.
And more ...
CCE
Asian Try Zero-G
Space Environment Utilization WG
Space Applications WG
Space TechnologyWG
Space EducationWG
APRSAF was established in 1993 to enhance space activities in the Asia‐Pacific region. APRSAF is the largest space‐related conference in the Asia‐Pacific region with participation from over 40 countries. It currently organizes four working groups
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Promote Kibo utilization in Asia‐Pacific region
Understanding of Bilateral Projects
Capacity building Bringing innovative
ideas
Under Space Environment Utilization WG (SEUWG), new collaborative initiative “KIBO‐ABC” was established to promote “Kibo” utilization in the Asia‐Pacific region and to share and build outcomes.
Creation of Bilateral Projects
New space experiment missions
Bilateral Agreementbetween JAXA and a proposed country
Terms of reference (TOR) among member
countries
With the goal of promoting manned space experiments aboard “Kibo”, Japanese astronauts have been conducting selected small experiments covering the themes proposed by students and young scientist in Asia‐Pacific region. This program also develop the skills needed for feasibility studies for creating Kibo experiments.
Kibo‐ABC member agencies work on the screening of proposals according to selection method. After the safety review and feasibility assessments by JAXA, the final selection is determined by member agencies.
The four Asian Try Zero‐G projects were conducted by Japanese astronauts; Satoshi Furukawa in 2011, Akihiko Hoshide in 2012, Koichi Wakata in 2014, and Kimiya Yui in 2015.
Asian Try Zero‐G program (Asian Try Zero‐G 2016)
T. Onishi performing onboard Kibo Proposers observing experiments Press conference at JAXA
Surface tension, Buoyancy, Capillary, Magnus effect, Paper plane. etc
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In September 2016, five experiments proposed from six countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) were conducted by Japanese astronaut Takuya Onishi. Proposers from Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand visited the Mission Control Room in JAXA Tsukuba Space Center to observe and join in the real time operation of their experiments with their Kibo‐ABC member agencies.
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Japan‐U.S. New cooperation framework ‐ Japan‐U.S. Open Platform Partnership Program (JP‐US OP3) ‐
On December 22, 2015, the Japanese and U.S. governments agreed on a new cooperation framework for the ISS Program.
Japan decided to extend its participation in the ISS operations until 2024.
An outline of JP‐US OP3 is as follows:
1. Development of a new initiative for ISS operations that enhance Japan‐U.S. cooperation Promotion of mutual utilization of experiment facilities
(including experimental data) along with collaborative research inside and outside of the ISS / Kibo.
2. Increased cooperation in the Asia‐Pacific region3. Promotion of new uses for the ISS:
(a) As a platform for technology demonstration, such as support of a Japanese technology demonstration to capture a non‐functional space object.
(b) Utilization of the operational opportunities of the H‐II Transfer Vehicle (HTV) and HTV‐X.
4. Promotion of utilization of effective and efficient space‐related technologies.
JAXA and NASA are pursuing implementation of JP‐US OP3.
From left to right, Mr. Hiroshi Hase, Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology; Mr. Fumio Kishida, Minister for Foreign Affairs; Ms. Aiko Shimajiri, Minister of State for Space Policy; and Ms. Caroline Kennedy, U.S. Ambassador to Japan.
Summary‐ Towards further collaboration ‐
In order to maximize utilization outcomes of ISS/Kibo, JAXA identified and prioritized prospective utilization areas as “platforms”.
JAXA has been accumulating various Kibo utilization outcomes: Research activities contributing to human health on
Earth Commercial use of both internal and external facility
(fee‐base) Small satellite deployment contributing to international
collaboration JAXA would like to promote collaboration with
countries in the Asia‐Pacific region.
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Back Up
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Aims of JAXA Life Science Research
Epigenomic changes due to environmental factors
Pathway analysis for drug
Building‐up scientific knowledge bases to expand human activity into space
Human Exploration
Strategic national lifescience researches
Human
Model organism
Biological effect (gravity, radiation) Genetic, tissue analysis Accumulation of ground data Various cutting‐edge analyses
Fundamental researches
Regenerative medicine
~2009 2015 2024
Ethical, experimental limitations
Expand Kibo life science research
Rapid changes: bone loss, muscle atrophy etc.
Aging mechanism
Gravitational biology
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Life science experiments in Kibo for 2009 ‐ 2016
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Kibo lifescience experiments started in Feb 2009Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015-16
Cell, Biology
Bone M
uscleO
ther
Radiation effects
Plant
Microbe
Protein Crystallization
C.elegans RNA interferance
Skeletal muscle atrophy
Fish scales (for bone research)
Differentiation and morphology of Xenopus kidney cells
Medaka Osteoclasts
CellGravity sensing
C.elegansepigenetics
ZebrafishMuscle
Biodosimetory using silkworm eggs
Effects on Human neuron cells
Cell walls of wheat seedling (Ferulate)
Seed to seed plant culture for 60 days
Changes in loss of heterozygosity
P53 genes in mammal cells
Hydro‐tropism in roots growing
Mouse Stem Cells
Auxin efflux facilitators
Gravity resistance
Freeze dry sperm
Microtubleobservation
Embryos
PlantGravity sensing
Microbial monitoring in Kibo#1 #2 #3
Long term habitation
Fluorescenceobservation
C. elegansmuscle
C. eleganslife span
#4
Mouse epigenetics
PlantRotation
First series of high‐quality protein crystallization growth (PCG) Second series of high‐quality PCG
Recent JAXA’s accomplishment/publications in lifescience(1/2)
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Human vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex(published on September 2016)
Plant research
Microbiology monitoring
(published on September 2016)
(published on April 2016)
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C.elegans
C.elegans
(published on January 2016)
(published on April 2016)
Rodent ground study with centrifuge (published on October 2015)
Recent JAXA’s accomplishment/publications in lifescience(2/2)