The power point presentation covers the material from Chapter 16 of the Mastering the TEKS in World History book by Jarrett, Zimmer, and Killoran.
Essential Questions
• What were the causes of the “New Imperialism?”
• How did imperialism have different characteristics in different places?
• Was the overall impact of imperialism good or bad?
Important Ideas
• New Imperialism• Political, Economic,
and Social Motivations
• Characteristics of Imperialism
• China and Latin America
• Local Opposition
European Imperialism
Imperialism
• Imperialism: the political and economic control of one area or country by another.
• Past Examples:– Persia– Rome– European Colonies in
15th – 18th Century
The Roman Empire
What are the benefits to controlling the government and economy of another country?
European Imperialism
• European countries created colonies all over the world
• Some colonies were lost when they revolted, such as the U.S.
• By the 19th century Europe still had colonies in India, South Africa, and the East Indies
What might be some negative aspects of controlling another countries government and economy?
The British “Raj” (Reign) in India
• During the 18th century Great Britain took control of much of India
• Reforms:– Wiped out some old local
traditions and customs– Built a railroad– Spread Christianity– Built schools and colleges– English became official
language
• The Indians like some of the new changes, but resented the change to their customs and beliefs
Britain tried to modernize India. Why did the Indians resent the British efforts?
The Sepoy Mutiny (1857)
• Britain used Indian soldiers called Sepoys to control the country
• The Sepoys revolted in 1857
• The British easily stopped the rebellion
• After this Britain took over complete control of the country
• Queen Victoria became the Empress of India
Do you think the Indian people might try and achieve independence again? Why?
The Impact of British Rule on India• Government:
– Unified India under one government– Made English the official language
• Economic: – built roads, railways, and telegraph– Hurt local cottage industry from
British manufacturing• Health:
– built hospitals– Introduced new medicine– Provided famine relief– Resulted in a population explosion
• Social:– Indian culture was seen as inferior to
British– Indian workers provided cheap labor,
working long hours for little pay
Was the British reign in India good or bad? Explain.
Other British Colonies
• Britain also has colonies in:– South Africa – West Indies– Canada– Australia– New Zeland– Singapore
What might be some of the problems with having colonies all over the world?
Other European Colonies
• France:– West Indies– West Africa– India– Algeria– Indochina
• Holland:– Dutch East Indies
• Spain:– Philippines– Cuba– Puerto Rico
Why did European countries feel they needed colonies?
The “New Imperialism”
• Imperialism was almost gone in the 18th century due to the loss of many of the American colonies
• A new imperialism sprang up from 1880 to 1900. Almost every corner of the earth was claimed by a European country
Describe the picture
Causes of the “New Imperialism”
• Industrial Revolution Technologies – Steamboat helped reach the
interior of Africa and Asia– Telegraph made communication
across large distances possible– Railroad made shipping of goods
and raw materials easier– Medicine made exploring new
areas safer– New military weapons helped to
control local people
Can you name another time in history when technology has promoted such a movement?
Causes of the “New Imperialism”
• Economic Motives:– Industry needed raw materials– Industry needed new markets
• Political Motives:– Demonstrates a nations power– Sought to preserve a balance of
power between European countries
• Social Motives:– Social Darwinism: some societies
were superior to others and should spread their culture
– Spread Christianity
Explain how this picture relates to Social Darwinism
The “Scramble for Africa”• Between 1870 and 1890
most of Africa came under the control of a European country
• 1880 a revolt in Egypt prompted Great Britain to take over that country so it could continue to use the Suez Canal
• In 1884 the Berlin Conference divided Africa up among the European countries
• By 1890 only Ethiopia and Liberia were independent
Explain this picture
Major Imperial Powers
• France: – Central Africa– Northwest Africa above the Sahara
• Belgium:– The Congo
• Great Britain:– West Africa– East African coast from Egypt to
South Africa
• Germany:– Tanganyika– Cameroon– Togo– Southwest Africa
Positive Effects of Imperialism in Africa
• Health:– Medicine– Improved nutrition– Longer life spans– Population explosion
• Technology– Modern transportation (steamboat &
railroad)– Communications (telegraph and
telephone)
• Economics:– Some Africans received an education– Some received better jobs such as
administrators or in the army
Is the loss of the control of your government and economy worth the positive outcomes of that loss?
Negative Effects on Imperialism in Africa
• Traditions:– Led to an erosion of traditional
African values– Destroyed existing social
relationships
• Culture– African people were treated as
inferior– Africans worked long hours for
little money in terrible conditions
• Politically:– Africa was divided without thought
toward tribal, ethnic, and cultural boundaries
– Led to continuing tribal conflicts
What might be some of the effects to a society that loses its culture?
Explain the meaning of this political cartoon.
European Powers and China
• Why Europe was Interested in China:– Large market– Valuable raw materials– Produced good
Europeans wanted
• China lacked a strong military. Europe forced China to do what it wanted.
The Opium Wars (1839-1842)• Causes:
– Britain sold opium in China to get money to buy tea
– China sentenced opium dealers to death to try and stop this practice
– Britain declared war
• Britain easily won• Results:
– Damaged the Chinese economy– Created political instability in China– Britain got new trade privileges giving
Britain economic control of some areas (Spheres of Influence)
– Other European countries wanted their own Sphere of Influence
– Chinese people revolted against the Chinese rulers
British gunships pound the Chinese coast
Why do you think the European countries felt they had the right to control the Chinese economy?
U.S. Involvement in China
• U.S. Open Door Policy: The U.S. proposed equal trading rights between all countries in 1899. They wanted a part of the action.
• Boxer Rebellion:– Chinese (Boxers) rebelled against
foreign influence– Hundreds of foreigners were killed– European forces put down the
rebellion– The U.S. helped to stop the rebellion
with troops and ships stationed in the Philippines, but also stopped Europe from further dividing up China.
What does the rebellion show of how the Chinese people felt about foreign influence?
What was the U.S. main purpose in China?
The Opening of Japan
• Japan closed itself off to foreigners in 1639.
• The U.S. sent a naval force to Japan in 1853:– Led by Mathew Perry– Sought to open Japanese ports– Japan opened its ports, so they would
not be taken over like China• Meiji Restoration (1868-1912):
– The nobles in Japan criticized the decision to open its doors
– The Shogun fell and was replaced by the Emperor
– The Emperor tried to make Japan more like the West.
– He sent scholars to learn western technologies and customs
Mathew Perry
Compare and contrast Western influence on China and Japan.
Latin America
• Spanish American War:– Spain still held Puerto
Rico, Cub, and a few islands in the late 1800s.
– Cuba rebelled in 1898.– In 1898 the USS Maine
blew up in the Havana harbor.
– US and Spain went to war.– US won and received
Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines from Spain
– The US also annexed Hawaii
Would you consider the U.S. to be imperialistic based on the events in China, Japan, and the Spanish American War.
Latin America
• Most of Latin America was economically dependent on the U.S. and Great Britain.
• Panama Canal:– Shorter route between Atlantic
and Pacific Oceans.– Area was owned by Columbia.– President Roosevelt
encouraged Panamanian rebels to declare independence in 1904.
– The U.S. protected the rebels.– Took 10 years to build the canal– Used the Monroe Doctrine as a
basis for protecting the canal.
Roosevelt said “Walk softly and carry a big stick.” How does this statement relate to the Panama Canal situation.