LLNL-PRES-733849
This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC
ThePursuitofIndirectDriveIgnitionattheNationalIgnitionFacilityWorkshoponPlasmaAstrophysics:FromtheLaboratorytotheNon-ThermalUniverse
Oxford,EnglandRichardTown
DeputyICFProgramLeader
July3-5,2017
LLNL-PRES-733849
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Centralhotspotinertialconfinementfusion
HotDT
ColddenseDT
MassiveimplodingshellheatscentralhotspotbyPdV
v
PPdV ~ Pr v / R
Heating
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Centralhotspotinertialconfinementfusion
HotDT
ColddenseDT
v
PPdV ~ Pr v / R
Heating
a
PFus ~ n2 T4
rRHS
=> D+T→ n 14.1MeV( )+ 4He 3.5MeV( )
4HedepositenergyinhotspotifrRHS >0.2g/cm2
*rR =Arealdensity
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Centralhotspotinertialconfinementfusion
HotDT
ColddenseDT
v
PPdV ~ Pr v / R
Heating
a
PFus ~ n2 T4
rRHS
*rR =Arealdensity
Cooling> => Ignition
PRad~ n2 T 1/2
Pe~ T 7/2 / R2
e-“Ideal”ignitionT~4keV(Fusionpower>radpower)
InpracticeneedhigherT
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Oncethehotspotignites,aburnwaverapidlyheatstherestofthefueltofusiontemperature
fburnup ≈ρR
ρR+ 6 (g/cm2 )
for total rR ~ 2 g/cm2
fburnup ≈ 25%
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IfthefueligniteswellontheNIF….
a
ColdDTshell~1000g/cm3
Pressure~350GbarrR ~1.5g/cm2
50milliondegrees~100g/cm3
~0.1mm
Energyreleased~20MJ
~1Kgofcoal
Howdowecreatesuchconditions?
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TheUnitedStatesnationalinertialconfinementfusion(ICF)programispursuing3approaches
LaserDirectDriveUniv.Rochester(OMEGA,NIF)
MagneticDirectDriveSandiaNat’lLabZ-machine
SphericalonOmega
LaserIndirectDriveLLNLNIF
Magnetizesfuel/burnproducts
Moststable InstabilitylimitsConvergence
InstabilitylimitsConvergenceandvelocity
Bettercoupling Technologyefficient,scalable
LLNL-PRES-733849
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TodaywewilltalkaboutlaserindirectdriveontheNIF
LaserDirectDriveUniv.Rochester(OMEGA,NIF)
MagneticDirectDriveSandiaNat’lLabZ-machine
Spherical on Omega
LaserIndirectDriveLLNLNIF
Moststable
LLNL-PRES-733849
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LLNL-PRES-733849
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LLNL-PRES-733849
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400MJ:storedenergyincapacitorbanks
2MJ:laserlight
10MJ:Storedinamplifiers
LLNL-PRES-733849
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OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Atherton/Hsing - JNSAC, 12
2013-
15kJ:fuel
2MJ:laserlight150kJ:capsule
LLNL-PRES-733849
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Specialshroudskeepthetargetat– 290degrees
LLNL-PRES-733849
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1 cm
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X-raypictureofcapsuletakendownaxisofthehohlraumjustbeforeashot
2mm diameter capsule
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PlasticIgnitionCapsule
~2mmdiameter
195 µm
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Thechallenge— nearsphericalimplosionby~35X
195 µm
DTshotN120716BangTime
(lessthandiameterofhumanhair)
~2mmdiameter
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Aftertheshot
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Majorchallenge:drivesymmetryatvelocityandconvergenceneededforignition– notyetpredictive
Early foot End of foot Start of main End of main
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Thecapsulemustbedesignedanddriventowithstandhydroinstabilities– reasonablypredictive
LLNL-PRES-733849
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Thecapsulemustbedesignedanddriventowithstandhydroinstabilities– reasonablypredictive
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Thecapsulemustbedesignedanddriventowithstandhydroinstabilities– reasonablypredictive
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Thecapsulemustbedesignedanddriventowithstandhydroinstabilities– reasonablypredictive
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Achievingignitionconditionsrequiresunderstandingandcontrollingtheimplosionproperties
Velocity
Shape
Entropy
MixM S
Vα
DTHotspot
DTIce
Ablator
HS
Hote- PdV worktoheathotspot
HighcompressionforrR – trapalphas,andconfinement
Conductiveandradiativecooling
EfficientconversionofimplosionKEtohotspotthermalenergy
€
RHS
€
ΔR
rRDT ~1.45g/cm2 VDT ~370km/s
RMShotspotshape<10%
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ThistalkdescribesthemainscientificresultsfromexperimentsonNIF
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
NationalIgnitionCampaign
HighFootcampaign
“Safe”hohlraums
1Dimplosion
Advancedhohlraums
Engineeringfeatures
Establishthecapabilitytodocontrolledimplosions
Exploremorestableimplosions
LowerLPIMoresphericalimplosions
Alternateablators
Couplingmoreenergy
Scalingstudies
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Velocity
Shape
Entropy
MixM S
Vα
DTHotspot
DTIce
Ablator
HS
Hote-
€
RHS
€
ΔR
Thenationalignitioncampaigndevelopedplatformstomeasureimplosionsandtunetheimplosion
Ge Spectra,Continuumemission
X-rayBacklitImaging
X-ray or
neutron
core image
VISARinterferometry
“Keyhole” “ConvergentAblator/ConA”
“Symcap”“DT”
X-rayPower
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Mostrequirementsweremetindividually
Velocity
Shape
Entropy
MixM S
Vα
DTHotspot
DTIce
Ablator
HS
Hote-
€
RHS
€
ΔR
rRDT ~1.45g/cm2 VDT ~370km/s
RMShotspotshape<10%
RMShotspotshape<10%
rR ~1.2-1.3g/cm2Vfuel ~350-370km/s
Butvariable
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NICimplosionsreachedignition-relevantρR≈1.3g/cm2,butneutronyieldswere<1015
130501
Laser Energy (MJ)
Neu
tron
Yie
ld
1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
1015
1016HF T0
110904
110908 110914111112
111215
120131120205
120417120920
130501
Laser Energy (MJ)
Neu
tron
Yie
ld
1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
1015
1016HF T0HF T−1HF T−1.5LFHDC VACHDC GAS
Aslaserenergywasaddedtoincreasevelocity,performancedegraded
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NICimplosionsreachedignition-relevantρR≈1.3g/cm2,butneutronyieldswere<1015
130501
Laser Energy (MJ)
Neu
tron
Yie
ld
1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
1015
1016HF T0
110904
110908 110914111112
111215
120131120205
120417120920
130501
Laser Energy (MJ)
Neu
tron
Yie
ld
1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
1015
1016HF T0HF T−1HF T−1.5LFHDC VACHDC GAS
also shown. For this implosion, the symmetric, unperturbedyield is simulated to be 3.3! 1016. Including the 2D hohl-raum asymmetries only results in a "8! reduction in yieldto 3.9! 1015. The tent perturbation alone results in a 15!yield reduction to 2.2! 1015. Surface roughness alone (notshown) results in a 5! reduction in yield. As can be seenfrom the insets, while the flux asymmetries strongly distortthe hot spot into a highly prolate shape, they do not result incold material deeply penetrating the hot spot. The tent per-turbation on the other hand injects fingers of cold DT deepinto the hot spot resulting in nearly twice the yield degrada-tion. Based on these results, the tent was evidently the domi-nant perturbation for N120321. All 2D perturbations incombination result in a 30! yield degradation to 1.1! 1015,and finally the 3D simulation results in a 50! yield
degradation to 6.0! 1014. This is close to but still slightlyhigher than the experimental yield of 4.2! 1014. Note thatthere is almost a factor of two degradation in yield between2D and 3D simulations for this highly perturbed implosion.
Fig. 4 shows the analogous implosion sequence as Fig. 2but for the higher power low foot shot N120405. The charac-teristics of the implosion sequence for N120405 are broadlysimilar to those of N120321. With the increased accelerationand convergence of this higher power implosion, however,the growth of perturbations at the ablation front is magnified.The defect caused by the tent perturbation has grown evenlarger than in N120321 and the random surface defects havegrown into larger radiating spikes. In this case, the tentdefect cuts cleanly through the north and south poles of theimploding shell roughly 150 ps before bang time and not
FIG. 2. Stagnation sequence from the 3D simulation of N120321 showing times from just before peak implosion velocity (410 ps before bang time) to the endof the simulation (160 ps after bang time). In each rendering, the outer surface shows the ablation front as defined by 1/e! the maximum density at that timeand is colored by the electron temperature with the color scale on the lower left. The left half of each cutaway shows the ion temperature with the color scaleon the upper left, and the right half of each cutaway shows the density with the color scale on the right. The temperature color scales are fixed in time, but thedensity color scale and the spatial scale change to follow the implosion in time. The dominating effect of the tent is evident at each time.
056302-5 Clark et al. Phys. Plasmas 23, 056302 (2016)
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Hydrodynamicinstabilitiesturnedouttobethebiggestproblem
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Amorestable“highfoot”laserpulsewasdeveloped
§ ReducedgrowthoftheRayleighTaylorinstabilityattheablationfront
§ Reducedimplosionconvergenceratio
1
2
46
10
2
46
100
2
4
Lase
r pow
er (
TW)
20151050Time (ns)
N120321_request N130812
N120321 low-foot N130812 high-foot
LaserpulsesforNIC(low-foot)andhigh-footdesigns
CR =Rablator,outerRhot−spot
Thehigh-footdesigntradesbetterstabilityforlowerρR andultimatefusiongain
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ExperimentalmeasurementsofRayleighTaylorgrowthconfirmedthestabilityofthehigh-foot
Lo-Footvs Hi-FootGrowthfactorat650µm
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 40 80 120 160 200
Opt
ical
Dep
th G
row
th F
acto
r
Mode Number
Simulation
Low foot
Ripple target
X-ray snapshots
High
foot
RadiationhydrodynamiccalculationsofRTgrowthfactorsareveryclosetodata:PredictivecapabilityforgrowthisOK:problemistheRTgrowthseed
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Incontrastwiththelow-footNICdesign,thehigh-footyieldincreasedathighervelocity
130501
130710
130812
130927
131119
140120140304
140511
Laser Energy (MJ)
Neu
tron
Yie
ld
1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
1015
1016HF T0
0 5 10 15 200
100
200
300
400
500
Time (ns)
Lase
r Pow
er (T
W)
DU
Equator Pole
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Byusingthinnerablatorsthedesigncouldbepushedtohighvelocitiesandstagnationpressures
130501
130710
130812
130927
131119
131219
140120
140225
140304
140311
140511
140520
140707
141106
150121
150211
150401
150409
Laser Energy (MJ)
Neu
tron
Yie
ld
1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
1015
1016HF T0HF T−1HF T−1.5
130501130710
130812
130927
131119131219
140120
140225
140304
140311
140511
140520
140707
141106
150121
150211
150401150409
Coast time (ns)
Pres
sure
(Gba
r)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0
50
100
150
200
250
300HF T0HF T−1HF T−1.5
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Whenthevelocityofthinnershellswasincreased,theyielddropped—a“cliff”
130501
130710
130812
130927
131119
131219
140120
140225
140304
140311
140511
140520
140707
140819
141106
150121
150211
150401
150409
Laser Energy (MJ)
Neu
tron
Yie
ld
1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
1015
1016HF T0HF T−1HF T−1.5
130501130710
130812
130927
131119131219
140120
140225
140304
140311
140511
140520
140707140819
141106
150121
150211
150401150409
Coast time (ns)
Pres
sure
(Gba
r)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0
50
100
150
200
250
300HF T0HF T−1HF T−1.5
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Asvelocityincreased,yielddroppedrelativeto1Dpredictions;2Dpredictionswerecloser
100% 35%
10%
1%
Simulated Yield
Expe
rimen
tal Y
ield
1015 1016 1017 1018
1015
1016
1D Sim2D Sim
300 km/s
340 km/s
375 km/s
spot temperature is reached despite the similar level of shellperturbations and is indicative of the tradeoff made in thehigh foot implosion. That is, by sacrificing fuel adiabat andcompressibility, the high foot implosion does not reach theperturbation levels of the low foot until much higher veloc-ities (319 compared to 390 km/s). In this case, the higher ve-locity of the high foot implosion outweighs the highercompression of the low foot such that the high foot achievessignificantly higher yield.
The likely explanation for why N140819 experienced adegradation in performance relative to other high foot implo-sions thus appears to be the reemergence of large ablationfront perturbations at higher velocities, again primarily dueto the tent. The melt feature may also have contributed,although 2D simulations suggest this was at worst a second-ary effect. In a more general sense, this high power, thinshell high foot implosion brought the high foot platform fullcircle. After reducing the ablation front perturbations to amuch tamer level with its strong first shock, as seen withN130927, N140819 was accelerated sufficiently strongly thatit returned to the perturbation levels of N120321 and began
to experience a similar degradation in yield. Recalling thatN120405, the higher power companion to N120321, mixedheavily, N140819 may indeed have been on the edge of avery steep performance cliff.
IV. HIGHER RESOLUTION 2D SIMULATIONS
It was noted in Sec. I that 2D hohlraum simulations ofthe high foot implosion series consistently over-predicted theDSR measurements for these shots. A similar over-predictionof the DSR can be seen in the 2D simulation results listed inTable III. Given this consistent over-prediction, it has beenspeculated that additional effects are present in high footimplosions, beyond those included in 2D simulations of thetype summarized in Tables II and III. In particular, it has beenhypothesized that significant supra-thermal electron pre-heat-ing50 could be occurred raising the DT fuel adiabat and reduc-ing its compressibility. Another hypothesis is that the stronglydriven high foot implosions are impacted by significant mix-ing at the fuel-ablator interface that could also heat the DTfuel and reduce its compressibility. This scenario seems
TABLE III. Summary of high foot simulation results.
N130927 N140819
2D 3D Expt. 2D 3D Expt.
Hot spot mix (ng) 0a 0a 0–150 0a 0a 0–150
Bang time (ns) 16.56 16.53 16.59 6 0.03 15.21 15.16 15.14 6 0.03
Burn width (ps) 120 143.5 188 6 30 100 110 147 6 30
X-ray P0 (lm) 31.2 31.4 35.3 6 3.0 30.9 30.5 31.3 6 2.2
X-ray M0 (lm) 39.8 45.7 49.8 6 1.5 29.5 28.8 29.9 6 1.0
PNI P0 (lm) 33.7 27.7b 32 6 4 35.6 25.3b 33.4 6 3
DSNI P0 (lm) 53.6 51.1b 55 6 4 54.7 33.3b 46.7 6 6
Tion (keV) 4.1 3.9b 4.43 6 0.15 4.5 4.4b 5.5 6 0.2
DSR (%) 4.7 3.5b 3.48 6 0.17 4.4 3.9b 3.5 6 0.2
Y13–15 MeV 6.3 ! 1015 3.1 ! 1015 4.5 6 0.1 ! 1015 1.3 ! 1016 4.3 ! 1015 5.5 6 0.1 ! 1015
aPre-loaded in DT gas.bFrom single-time post-processing at bang time.
FIG. 9. Comparison of bang time ren-derings of the high foot shot N140819and the low foot shot N120321. Bothsimulations are shown on the samecolor scales. The N140819 simulationreaches a much lower shell densitycompared to N120321 but also a muchhigher hot spot temperature accountingfor its much higher yield. It is notewor-thy, however, that despite its higheradiabat, N140819 has reached a similarlevel of shell distortion at bang timecompared to N120321. The signifi-cantly higher velocity of N140819apparently compensates for the highlevel of shell distortion and still ena-bles this implosion to achieve signifi-cant yield. Nevertheless, like the lowfoot N120321, N140819 appears to beon the edge of a cliff in performance.
056302-13 Clark et al. Phys. Plasmas 23, 056302 (2016)
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Fasterhigh-footimplosionswiththinnershellshavesimilardistortionstoNICimplosions
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Processedin-flight
radiograph
SimulatedDTfuelatstagnation
TentTent Tent
Weknowoftwomajorissues…
…andthesemaybemaskingotherfactors – e.g hydroinstability
Asymmetricx-raydrive
+
Butthereareimportantknowledgegaps(e.g.cannotseetheshell)andthemodelisnotperfect
capsule
tent
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Thetentalternativeprojectconsideredawiderangeofpossibleoptions
Tetra-cage
wires perp
to page
wires parallel
to page
low-density
(3 mg/cc)
foam
Block foam support
low-density
(~30 mg/cc)
foam
Foam shell support
Cantilevered fill-tube
supported
by additional
component
fill-tube is
cantilevered
Fishing poleFill-tube only
Fill-tube is
larger diameter
thin HDC
disk
to ensure
tangential
contact
Polar contact with diskor C re-inforced PI tent
requires 4-part
hohlraum
Near-tangential tent, standard formvar
Eliminated
MItigated
supported
by additional
component
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Includinglevitation(magnetic)butnotasaneartermproject!
NotecapsulePush-Pull
-I
+I
+I
-I +I-I
LLNL-PRES-733849
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-0.1
+0.1
-0.2
0.0
+0.2
Amplitude Δ(OD)
658 μm600 μm
30 μmfill tube
10 μmfill tube
10 μmfill tube
30 μmfill tube
300 μm offset
200 μm offset
600 μm
WehavetestedmanyconceptstomeasurethegrowthusingtheHGRplatform
30-μmthickfilltube Cantileveredfilltube SiO2 foam-shell
30 nm tent
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Wehavebeeneliminatingsupportoptionsandwilltestremainderinlayeredimplosionsthisyear
Tetra-cage
wires perp
to page
wires parallel
to page
low-density
(3 mg/cc)
foam
Block foam support
low-density
(~30 mg/cc)
foam
Foam shell support
Cantilevered fill-tube
supported
by additional
component
fill-tube is
cantilevered
Fishing poleFill-tube only
Fill-tube is
larger diameter
thin HDC
disk
to ensure
tangential
contact
Polar contact with diskor C re-inforced PI tent
requires 4-part
hohlraum
Near-tangential tent, standard formvar
Eliminated
MItigated
supported
by additional
component
✗ ✗ ✗
✗
✗
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Thehohlraum challenge:NIFscaleICFhohlraums fallroughlyintotwocategories– differentchallenges
Innerbeam
Highgasfill– LPIdominated Lowgasfill– radhydrodominated
CBET
SRS
2wp
Lowefficiency,strongtimedependentdrive
asymmetry
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Thehohlraum challenge:NIFscaleICFhohlraums fallroughlyintotwocategories– differentchallenges
Innerbeam
Highgasfill– LPIdominated Lowgasfill– radhydrodominated
CBET
SRS
2wp
Lowefficiency,strongtimedependentdrive
asymmetry
MoreefficientBettersymmetry,more
predictable?
“eliminate”LPI
Growingevidencelowgas-fillhohlraums behavemorelikesimulations
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Te - growingevidencelowfillhohlraums behavemorelikesimulationsthanLPIdominatedhohlraums
MnLyαMnHeα(y+w)MnLyα
MnHeα(y+w)
5 6 7 80
1
2
3
4
5
6
Time (ns)
Te(keV
)
MeasuredandsimulatedTe
PulseShape
2-shkHDCHegasfill,0.6mg/cc
▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲
▲▲▲▲ ▲▲▲▲
●●
●●
●●
●●
●
▲▲▲▲
▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲ ▲▲▲▲
△△△△△△△△
△△△△ △△△△
○○
○○
○○
○○
○
△△△△△△△△
△△△△ △△△△
3 4 5 6 7
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Time (ns)
DotZPosition(μm)
0.6 mg/cc, 2-shock HDCDotTrajectory
Measurement
Simulation
Simulatied Te atmeasuredtrajectory
MnLya/MnHea
OnlyafewmeasurementstodateNotyetpredictive
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Physicsoftheinnerbeamsiscomplicated– makescontrollingandpredictingsymmetrychallenging
§ Complicatedbeampath,timedependent– energydepositiondistributedinspace
§ HighZbubbleeventually“shutsoff”innerbeams–lossofcontrol
§ Ultimatelyneedthe“right”x-rayproductionoverthewaist,alsocomplicated
Motivateslargerhohlraums andshorterpulses
Mix(hydro,kinetics)
Innerbeam
e-trans
e-trans
NLTEe-trans
NLTE
Gold/HighZbubble dB/dt
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Wehavedevelopednewexperimentstoquantifyhowwelltheinnerbeammakesittothewaist
Inner-cone only
4.8 ns 5.2 ns 5.5 ns 6.2 ns
Losingsymmetrycontrol,
predictability
Innerbeams
Symmetrycontrol,predictable*
“Thin-walled”hohlraum
Combinedwithexistingsymmetrymeasurements
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Betterforlaser
Biggerhohlraumsmakethingssimpler(andeasier?)– butpracticallimit
Betterforsymmetry
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HDC’shighdensity(3.5g/cm3 comparedto1g/cm3 forCH)resultsinshorterlaserpulsesthatareeasiertofitintothehohlraum
1
2
4
68
10
2
4
68
100
2
4
Lase
r pow
er (
TW)
20151050Time (ns)
N141019_req N120321_request N130812
N120321 low-foot N130812 high-foot N141019 3-step HDC
! 27!
!!!!Figure!3! !
(d)$Si$Doped$$CH$Rev$5$$SYMCAP$
CH#1#g/cc##195um#thick##2%#Si##doped#layer##CH#1#g/cc#20#µm#thick#payload##(equivalent#mass#to#DT#ice#layer)#
1108µm#
outer#radius#1086#or#1076#µm#
HDC#ablator#86#or#76#µm#thick#3.32#g/cc#
DD##or#DT#gas#3.2#or#7#mg/cc#
DT#gas#7#mg/cc#
(a)$Un7doped$HDC$capsule$for$2$and$4$shock$$DD$or$DT$$gas$filled$Symcaps$/$1DCONA$
Outer#radius#=#1086#µm#
HDC#3.32#g/cc#86#µm#thick##THD#0.255#g/cc#58#µm#thick#
(c)$Un7doped$HDC$$with$THD$ice$layer$
T#(75%):H(23%):D(2%)#
(b)$1mm$radius$HDC$capsules$
LLNL-PRES-733849
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110608
110615 110620
110826
110904
110908 110914
111103
111112
111215
120126
120131120205
120213
120219
120311
120316
120321
120405120412
120417
120422
120626
120716
120720
120802
120808
120920
130331
130501
130530
130710
130802
130812
130927131119
131219
140120
140225
140304
140311
140511
140520
140707
140819141008
141016141106
150121
150211
150218150318
150401
150409150528
150610
160509
160807
160829
151102
160120160223
160313160418
161023
161113
170226
170601
Laser Energy (MJ)
Neu
tron
Yie
ld
0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.01014
1015
1016
CH LFCH HFHDC SC
Improveddrivesymmetry->moreefficientimplosions->higheryieldwithlessenergy
HDC2017
Highfoot2015
NIC2012
• Keywas“eliminating”LPI
• Roundimplosions
• Betteragreementwithcode
• YOC1D~30-40%
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110608
110615 110620
110826
110904
110908 110914
111103
111112
111215
120126
120131120205
120213
120219
120311
120316
120321
120405120412
120417
120422
120626
120716
120720
120802
120808
120920
130331
130501
130530
130710
130802
130812
130927131119
131219
140120
140225
140304
140311
140511
140520
140707
140819141008
141016141106
150121
150211
150218150318
150401
150409150528
150610
160509
160807
160829
151102
160120160223
160313160418
161023
161113
170226
170601
Laser Energy (MJ)
Neu
tron
Yie
ld
0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.01014
1015
1016
CH LFCH HFHDC SC
Byscaling-uptheHDCdesignwerecentlyincreasedtheyieldabove1016 forthefirsttime
HDC2017
Highfoot2015
NIC2012
N170226
N170601
c (Energy for ignition ~ 1/c 2)
Ignition(withG>1atNIF)
Alpha-heatingQa~1burningplasma(~50kJ)
Qa~2-3alphadominated(~120kJ)
(March2011)
(NIC,2012)
(highfoot,2014/15)
(HDC,2017)
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Thebestwe’vedoneonasingleshotisabout~2Xfromignition
a
ColdDTshell~1000g/cm3
Pressure~350GbarrR ~1.5g/cm2
50milliondegrees~100g/cm3
~0.1mm
Energyreleased~47kJ
~2gofcoal
~ 0.8 g/cm 2
~ 500 g/cc
~ 5 keV
~ 40 g/cc
~ 200 Gbar
Bestperformanceonsingleshot
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2020deliverableifignitionnotachieved– quantitative scalingandUQfromhighestperformancereasonablyachievable
1.8 MJ Laser Energy
Neu
tron
Yie
ld
1 MJ
100 kJ
10 kJ
1015
1016
1017
Data(highfoot,Increasingvelocity)
Quality(faster,denser,rounder,cleaner)
Energy(Bigger)
2020goal:
1. IsignitionpossibleontheNIF– “quality”?Havetomeasureandunderstandlimiters
2. Ifnot,howmuchmoreenergy isneeded?Validatedpredictivecapability+UQ
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M.J.Edwards,O.A.Hurricane,W.W.Hsing,P.K.Patel,L.F.Berzak Hopkins,M.A.Barrios,L.Benedetti,D.K.Bradley,D.A.Callahan,D.T.Casey,P.M.Celliers,C.J.Cerjan,D.S.Clark,E.L.Dewald,L.Divol,T.Döppner,J.E.Field,G.P.Grim,S.W.Haan,G.N.Hall,B.A.Hammel,M.Hermann,D.E.Hinkel,D.D.Ho,M.Hohenberger,N.Izumi,O.S.Jones,R.L.Kauffman,S.F.Khan,A.L.Kritcher,O.L.Landen,S.LePape,T.Ma,A.J.MacKinnon,A.G.MacPhee,M.M.Marinak,L.Masse,P.Michel,N.B.Meezan,J.L.Milovich,J.D.Moody,A.Moore,D.H.Munro,A.Nikroo,A.Pak,H.S.Park,J.L.Peterson,H.R.Robey,M.D.Rosen,J.S.Ross,J.D.Salmonson,M.B.Schneider,V.A.Smalyuk,B.K.Spears,P.T.Springer,M.Stadermann,D.J.Strozzi,C.A.Thomas,R.Tommasini,B.VanWonterghem,C.R.Weber
LawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratory,Livermore,California94551,USA�
J.L.Kline,andS.Batha
LosAlamosNationalLaboratory,LosAlamos,NewMexico87545,USA�
Collaborators
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