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Anna Światłoń
George VI was crowned as king of the United King-
dom in 1937. He was born in the 34th anniversary of the death of his great-
grandfather prince Albert. Queen Victoria wrote that she wanted to see a child
born this day, very dear to her heart.
Things about King George VI which you should know:
1. He supported Winston Churchill completely and was an
important symbolic leader for the British people during
World War II, even visiting armies on the battle fronts.
2. He was a sickly child, shy and with
a complex, having tendency to cry. He had
to wear uncomfortable rails.
3. He had difficulty with writing. His
diary was full of orthographic errors.
4. One day students pricked him, be-
cause they wanted to see whether he
had blue blood.
5. He took part in the Fist World War.
He was a pilot that time.
6. In 1939 he said to the Nation: be calm,
steadfast and united. He and his wife left
the country. The Queen said: Children can’t go without me, I can’t leave the
king and the king will never leave the country.
George was the last British monarch born outside Great Britain: he
was born and brought up in Germany. He studied genealogy, mili-
tary history and battle tactics. He spoke in English, but he had
a terrible German accent.
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Anna Światłoń
Queen Elizabeth II
was crowned head of
state, when she was just
25 years old - after the death of her father, George VI,
in 1952. She is now the second longest serving British
monarch. Elizabeth was educated at home, along with
her sister Princess Margaret.
12 facts about Elizabeth II
which you should
know:
1 She doesn’t have
a passport. She has visited
116 countries.
2 She drove
a truck during World
War II and she was
a mechanic.
3 Queen Eliza-
beth II and Prince
Philip are third cousins
— both are great-great-
grandchildren of Queen
Victoria and Prince Albert.
4 The pair first met when
Elizabeth was 13 and Philip was 18,
and it was love at first sight for the
young royal.
5 Elizabeth's parents did not
approve of Philip, because he was without a kingdom — he had
no financial standing, and he was considered a foreigner.
6 Before the wedding, Philip renounced
his Greek and Danish titles and converted from
Greek Orthodoxy to Anglicanism. He also quit
smoking cigarettes for Elizabeth.
7 Grandsons Prince William and Prince
Harry don't call the Queen "Your Maj-
esty." To them, she's just "Granny."
8 The Queen speaks
fluent French.
9 Queen has
30 godsons.
10 She reigns
in 15 countries, for ex-
ample: Jamaica, Can-
ada, Australia and
New Zealand.
11 The Queen
is patron of more than 620
charities and organizations.
12 The most interest-
ing moment in the life of
Queen Elizabeth II - ac-
cording to the British -
was a parachute jump
with James Bond.
However, instead of
the Queen did it a stuntman but the British considered
this event as exceptional.
Elizabeth and Philip
Elizabeth as a mechanic
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From George to Elizabeth Anna Światłoń Anna Światłoń From George to Elizabeth
Queen Elizabeth II
was crowned head of
state, when she was just
25 years old - after the death of her father, George VI,
in 1952. She is now the second longest serving British
monarch. Elizabeth was educated at home, along with
her sister Princess Margaret.
12 facts about Elizabeth II
which you should
know:
1 She doesn’t have
a passport. She has visited
116 countries.
2 She drove
a truck during World
War II and she was
a mechanic.
3 Queen Eliza-
beth II and Prince
Philip are third cousins
— both are great-great-
grandchildren of Queen
Victoria and Prince Albert.
4 The pair first met when
Elizabeth was 13 and Philip was 18,
and it was love at first sight for the
young royal.
5 Elizabeth's parents did not
approve of Philip, because he was without a kingdom — he had
no financial standing, and he was considered a foreigner.
6 Before the wedding, Philip renounced
his Greek and Danish titles and converted from
Greek Orthodoxy to Anglicanism. He also quit
smoking cigarettes for Elizabeth.
7 Grandsons Prince William and Prince
Harry don't call the Queen "Your Maj-
esty." To them, she's just "Granny."
8 The Queen speaks
fluent French.
9 Queen has
30 godsons.
10 She reigns
in 15 countries, for ex-
ample: Jamaica, Can-
ada, Australia and
New Zealand.
11 The Queen
is patron of more than 620
charities and organizations.
12 The most interest-
ing moment in the life of
Queen Elizabeth II - ac-
cording to the British -
was a parachute jump
with James Bond.
However, instead of
the Queen did it a stuntman but the British considered
this event as exceptional.
Mark Sutton dressed as James Bond be-
fore the memorable parachute jump
alongside fellow stuntman Gary Connery
dressed as Queen Elizabeth.
Elizabeth with her husband and children:
Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward
Elizabeth II in charity work.
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From George to Elizabeth Anna Światłoń Anna Światłoń From George to Elizabeth
Birth: 28 June 1491, Greenwich, London, England
Succeeded to the throne of England: 21 April 1509
Reigned: 1509 - 1547
Marriages: six times Died: 28 January 1547
Family connections: Son of Henry VII and Elizabeth York
Religion: In his early life he was a devout
Catholic given the title 'Defender of the Faith' by the Pope. Fol-
lowing his liaison with Anne Bo-leyn he then changed to the Protes-
tant religion, dissolved all the monasteries in Britain and estab-
lished the Church of England
Character of King Henry VIII: As a teenager he was flamboyant, studious
but fun loving. In his later life he was cruel, ar-rogant and a hypocrite
As a young man Henry was the second son and was prepared for a life in the church. The
death of his elder brother Arthur changed the fate of Henry. In his early life he enjoyed physical
activities including hunting, hawking (kind of hunting without killing animals), horseback rid-
ing, jousting (in this game two riders try throw enemy off a horse using lances), tennis, archery
and wrestling. He was also well-educated, very intelligent and enjoyed writing and composing
music. Henry VIII loved dancing, too. He had a serious accident while riding. A leg injury re-
duced his physical abilities in his later life.He gave in to excess in eating and drinking and became
a huge, bloated figure. He had more than 1,5m in waist!
The father of Henry was the first king in the Tudor family. His mother was an inspiration
of arts gueen in English cards. Henry VIII had four sisters and three brother. Henry was married
to: Cathrine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Cathrine Howard
and Cathrine Parr.
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Anna Gibas, Rafał Pochopień Anna Gibas, Rafał Pochopień Time of Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon, who was a Catholic Princess
from Spain, became a wife of Henry when she was
23. First she planned to marry his brother Artur, but
unfourtanely he died. She gave birth to 2 children.
The boy died after 52 days, and the daughter
called Mary Tudor survived. Henry was very dis-
appointed and decided to divorce Catherine,
because they hadn`t son yet. Moreover, he fell
in love with Anne Boyelyn.
Anne Boleyn first refused to be the wife of the king.
They married because she got pregnant. She gave
birth to a girl called Elizabeth and the king was disap-
pointed again.
She was very proud, arrogant, willful, had big temper
and was over confident. When she became preg-
nant it was a chance for her, but she miscarried
the baby, so Henry called her witchcraft and
she was behaded.
She was completely different from Anna – meek, shy
and obedient. She became pregnant the same time as
Anne Boleyn, but there was
a difference: She gave to Henry a longed-waited son
– King Edward VI. In that time both daughters: Mary
and Elizabeth were declared illegimate.
Jane died after 12 days from fever. Henry was
devastated. But after two years mourning he
started to think about taking another wife...
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Anna Gibas, Rafał Pochopień Anna Gibas, Rafał Pochopień Time of Henry VIII
Marriage with Anne of Cleves, Protestant German
Princess, was only a political arrangement. Anne of Cleves
travelled to England and Henry met her for the first time as
a bride. He was very surprised. He told all and sundry:
“I like her not” and didn’t want to get married, but
it wasn’t possible. The marriage was not consum-
mated. Despite the fact that Anne couldn’t speak
English, was a clever woman. She agreed to divorce.
She got money, estates and deference.
Catherine was the cousin of Anne Boleyn. King Henry be-
came obsessed with Catherine. It was described as
a „pathetic infatuation” . He regarded her as his „Rose
without a thorn” – young, virginal, pretty woman, very
sweet and so natural. Catherine fell in love, but of
course in Henry’s health and influences. Short after
marriage Catherine started a sexual relationship
with Thomas Culpepper. When King discovered
that fact he didn’t want to see Catherine any-
more – she was arrested. Tragic Catherine How-
ard was executed by beheading at the Tower
of London - she was just 21 years old.
The HBO television produced the serial called
‘The Tudors’ which focuses the life of King Henry
VIII. The series takes a look at the politican relation-
ship, struggle with the Pope over first divorce, creation
of the church of England and of course all of the mar-
riages. The biography of king has never been so good.
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Time of Henry VIII Anna Gibas, Rafał Pochopień Anna Gibas, Rafał Pochopień Time of Henry VIII
Catherine Parr was a respectable and well
educated widow. As a queen she made a mistake
of taking the side of heretics (including Anne Askew).
When she was to be arrested, she wisely apologised
to the King Henry. Catherine was forgiven. Through-
out the period of marriage she looked after
Henry VIII, but it didn’t prevent the death of the
King, who died in 1547. Catherine Parr be-
came a widow again.
There is a famous rhyme describing the vari-
ous ends of the wives of King Henry VIII:
He died 28 January 1547. The body of King Henry VIII was in-terred on St George’s Chapel (Windsor Castle) with his third wife, Jane Seymour,
the beloved mother of his son.
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Time of Henry VIII Anna Gibas, Rafał Pochopień Anna Gibas, Rafał Pochopień Time of Henry VIII
The Elizabethan era was the time associated with
Queen Elizabeth I reign (1558–1603) and is often considered to
be the Golden Age in the English history.
It was the bloom of the English Renaissance along-
side with the English poetry, music and literature.
This was also the time during which Elizabethan
theatre flourished, and William Shakespeare and
many others composed plays that broke free
of England's past style of theatre. It was
the age of exploration and expansion
abroad, while back at home, the Protes-
tant Reformation became more acceptable
to people, most certainly after the Spanish
Armada was repulsed. It was also the end
of the period when England was a separate
realm before its royal union with Scotland.
Queen Elizabeth is one of the
most famous queens of England. She was
born in 1533 as a daughter of Henry VIII
a n d w a s c r o w n e d i n 1 5 5 8 .
She was devoted to Anglicanism and established it
as a national religion of England by fighting with
C a t h o l i c s i n E n g l a n d .
Elizabeth wasn't married because as she said she had mar-
ried England. She had never married anyone. To many ad-
visers she always re-
fused to marry . That's why she is called the
"Virgin Queen".
The most important achieve-
ments of Queen Elizabeth
The Queen Elizabeth I was famous for
leading England through war with Spain –
a war when England beat Spanish Armada,
her engagement in culture of England, and
the her dedication to religion established by
her father Henry VIII - Anglicanism. She made out of it a "real national religion of England".
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Marcin Gigoń, Jakub Stanik Marcin Gigoń, Jakub Stanik Elizabethan Era
The most important achievements
of Queen Elizabeth are: leading En-
gland through war with Spain - war
when England beat Spanish Ar-
mada, her engagement in cul-
ture of England, and the her
dedication to religion esta-
blished by her father Henry
VIII - Anglicanism.She
made out of it a "real
national religion of
England". Reasons for
begining war with Spain:
There are thousands of
opinions about that but
two of them are the most
trustworthy. First is that
England had begun to
rob Spanish ships and was
an important enemy in colo-
nizing and discovering a
"New World"; Second is that England helped
the Netherlands in fighting with Spain while
they were in conflict by, for example, sending
to the Netherlands few thousands of English
soldiers. War between Spain and England was
short so I'll tell you only about the final battle
fought in 1588. Both fleets fought for nine ho-
urs and eventually The Great Armada was de-
feated for the first time. There are also many
opinions about reasons for deafeating Armada
but I chose two that are probably true. First is
bad weather - Armada was a huge fleet with
huge ships and it was much harder to commu-
nicate between them during storm than betwe-
en small English ships. Historians say that En-
glish fleet had had much better strategy than
Armada and it let them to win the battle. The
war between England and Spain opened a new
chapter in colonialism - England started to
conquere more and more lands but Armada
still was the most powerfull fleet. To sum up
Elizabethian Era was filled with revolutionary
moments like vicotry in war with Spain and
the begining of colonizing lands beyond Euro-
pe and also English innovation in theatre, lite-
rature etc. that are noticeable even in present
culture.
Reasons for beginning war with Spain
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Marcin Gigoń, Jakub Stanik Marcin Gigoń, Jakub Stanik Elizabethan Era
Globe Theatre.
The Globe Theatre was originally built in 1599,
by brothers Cuthbert and Richard Bur-
baqe, after their lease from the previous site
of "The Theatre" ran out in 1599. Located in
Backside (a district of Southwark stretching
for about half a mile west of London Bridge
on the south bank of the River Thames), the
Globe Theatre was built from the timbers of
"The Theatre", which were carried down to
Backside from the site of "The Theatre". The
Globe provided a place for Shakespeare
to write and perform his plays, but misfortunes
were to follow this success. In 1613 during the
performance of Henry VIII, the Globe was acci-
dentally burned down when one of the cannons fired
to mark the King's entrance lit the thatches and the thea-
tre collapsed within an hour. Later on in 1642, 26 years fol-
lowing Shakespeare's death, the Puritans closed the Globe down and demolished it two years later
to build tenements. The foundations were buried. In 1989, the foundations of the original Globe
Theatre were found, and with this scholars and architects were able to reconstruct the original
structure of the Globe Theatre, and the foundations of the new Globe Theatre were laid. In 1989,
the foundations of the original Globe Theatre were found, and with this scholars and architects
were able to reconstruct the original structure of the Globe Theatre.
Wiliam Shakespeare He was baptised on 26 April 1564. We don't know the exact
date of his birth but in the 16th century it was normal for ba-
bies to be baptised within a few days of their birth (because
so many died). In 1557 John Shakespeare married a woman
from nearby Wilmcote called Mary Arden. The Shake-
speare’s had 8 children. William Shakespeare probably
went to Stratford Grammar School. However, we do not
know what he did for a living when he was a young man
but in about 1587 he went to London. He became an actor
and a playwright.
The theatres in London were closed from 1592 to 1594
because of plague but Shakespeare wrote two poems dur-
ing that time, Venus and Adonis 1593 and Lucerce in
1594. William Shakespeare prospered and in 1597 he
bought a house and gardens in Stratford for Ł60. William
Shakespeare made his will on 25 March 1616 shortly before
his death. He died on 23 April 1616 and was buried in
the parish church. Anne Shakespeare died in 1623.
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Elizabethan Era Marcin Gigoń, Jakub Stanik Marcin Gigoń, Jakub Stanik Elizabethan Era
He was an English actor, theatre impresario, joiner, and
theatre builder in the English Renaissance Theatre. He
built The Theatre, the first permanent dedicated theatre
built in England since Roman times.
James Burbage was born about 1531, probably in
Bromley, Kent. He was apprenticed in London to the
trade of joiner, and must have persevered through his
apprenticeship and taken up his freedom, as in
1559 he was referred to as a joiner twice in the
St Stephen's register. Burbage took up act-
ing and was the leader of Leicester's Men
by 1572. Burbage married Ellen
Brayne, the daughter of Thomas
Brayne, a London tailor and sister of
his later business partner John
Brayne, on 23 April 1559. They were
settled in St. Leonard's parish in
Shoreditch by 1576, with residence in
Halliwell Street or Holywell Lane. Bur-
bage's son Richard Burbage became one of
the most celebrated actors of his era. Cuthbert
Burbage, Richard's elder brother, followed in his fa-
ther's footsteps as a theatre manager.
James Burbage was buried in Shoreditch on February 2, 1597. He died intestate. Having
previously given his Blackfriars property to his son Richard and his personal property to
his son Cuthbert, his widow presented an inventory valued at only £37.
James Burbage was born in 1531. He was the father of Richard and Cuthbert. He worked as an
actor. He died in The Theatre on February 2nd 1597
aged 65 or 66 years old.
James Burbage
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Elizabethan Era Marcin Gigoń, Jakub Stanik Marcin Gigoń, Jakub Stanik Elizabethan Era
History
The royal family can trace its lineage back to 1066 when William the Conqueror conquered England. Since then there have been 42 mon-archs from eight different houses. Most of them were completely nuts. Some notable relatives include hunchbacked Richard III, wife-killing Henry VIII, and sex crazy Queen Victoria. The current Queen has reigned almost 60 years.
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Michał Marek, Wojciech Popek Michał Marek, Wojciech Popek Present Royal Family
Prince Phillip, Duke of Edinburgh
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
The Queen calls her family "The Firm," assumedly because they are powerful, secretive,
and want to kill Tom Cruise.
The sane one. Despite her obsession with Corgis, horses, and ridiculous hats, the
Queen doesn't appear to be any more un-
hinged than the aver-age English (German)
grandma.
The insane one. We'll let him speak for himself:
To the President of Nigeria, who was wearing traditional robes: "You look like you're ready for bed!"
To a Scottish driving instruc-tor: "How do you keep the natives off the booze long enough to get them through the test?"
To English students studying abroad in China: "If you stay here much longer, you'll all be slitty-eyed."
Charles - the Prince of Wales
Heir to the throne. Prince Charles has admitted talking to plants and left Princess Diana for Camilla Parker-Bowles after tapes were released of a phone call in which he stated he wanted to be reincarnated as Camilla's tampon. This makes him one of the more normal members of his family.
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Michał Marek, Wojciech Popek Michał Marek, Wojciech Popek Present Royal Family
She failed her O levels twice and often joked about her poor academic record.
For her engagement, Lady Diana selected a large £30,000 (£94,800 in today's terms) by Garrard. The spar-kler consisted of 14 solitaire diamonds elegantly surround-ing a 12-carat oval blue Ceylon sapphire set in 18-carat white gold. It now sits on Kate Mid-dleton's finger, of course.
Her wedding to Prince Charles on July 29, 1981 was broadcast in 74 countries and watched by 750 million peo-ple worldwide. Her funeral 16 years later had 2.5 billion view-ers.
Princess Diana
Prince
William Known for drunkenly fal-
ling out of clubs, using up taxpayers' money by flying an army helicopter to a bachelor party, and dating a woman seri-ously out of his league:
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Present Royal Family Michał Marek, Wojciech Popek Michał Marek, Wojciech Popek Present Royal Family
Kate Middleton
Her hobbies include walk-ing, tennis, swimming, sailing, and painting.
Is six months older than Prince William.
Is distantly related to Prince William - they are 12th cousins once re-moved.
Prince Harry "The Spare." In his short life Harry has been photographed drunkenly feeling up women who aren't his girlfriend, smok-ing weed, and wearing a Nazi uniform to a costume party.
Princess Eugenie The "smartest" of the royals. After graduating high school with pretty average grads she celebrated by run-ning naked through her school with friends. Sadly, there are no photos of this event (That we know of. Give it so-me time.)
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Present Royal Family Michał Marek, Wojciech Popek Michał Marek, Wojciech Popek Present Royal Family
FACTS:
The couple only informed the Queen and the Prince of Wales of their engagement two hours before it was made public.
Before their son was born, people were placing bets on the name. Alexandra, Victoria, Elizabeth and Diana were the bookies' favourite
names for a girl. George, Charles, Philip and James were the favourites for a boy. Kate and William chose George Alexander Louis.
William’s full name is William Arthur Philip Louis Mountbatten-Windsor, and Kate’s is Catherine Elizabeth Mountbatten-Windsor.
Prince William once attempted to detract attention from himself while in a nightclub, tell-ing strangers his name was “Danny” and he “often gets mistaken for William”.
Kate & William
Prince George
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Present Royal Family Michał Marek, Wojciech Popek Michał Marek, Wojciech Popek Present Royal Family
The young Princess Elizabeth, just two
years old, already bears the burden of royal-
ty and its requisite pomp with solemnity.
A family outing to the the-
ater. With father King
George VI and mother
Queen Elizabeth watching
a performance from a box
at the Coliseum Theatre,
London, 1939
In a meditative mood at Windsor Castle, June 1940.
Reviewing the Grenadier guards on her birthday.
Elizabeth met Philip married on the 20th of November 1947.
The happy couple with Prince Charles and Princess Anne.
Happy times on the balcony of Buckinham Palace for Prin-
ce Charles and Princess Diana after wedding, July 29, 1981.
God Save The Queen! photos
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Present Royal Family Michał Marek, Wojciech Popek Michał Marek, Wojciech Popek Present Royal Family
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