The Tudors1485-1603
The Tudor Dynasty
Henry VII (1485-1509)Henry VIII (1509-1547)Edward VI (1547-1553)
Lady Jane GreyMary I (1553-1558)
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
Henry VII
Henry VII – won Battle at Bosworth Field to become king.
Married Elizabeth of York.Died in 1509 – preceded in death by eldest son Arthur in 1502.
Throne passes to second born son, Henry VIII.
Henry VIII
Henry VIII took the throne and married Catherine of Aragon in 1509.
Catherine m. Arthur in Nov. 1501 and he died of consumption in April 1502.
Good friends, long marriage, but only 1 surviving child – a girl – Mary, born in 1516.
Henry felt security of his dynasty depended on a male heir – wanted out of the marriage to pursue Anne Boleyn.
Biblical Debate
Leviticus 20:21 “If a man shall take his brother’s wife, it is an impurity; he hath uncovered his brother’s nakedness; they shall be childless”
Deuteronomy 25:5 “When brethren dwell together and one of them dieth without children, the wife of the deceased shall not marry to another; but his brother shall take her, and raise up seed for his brother.
The Church of England
1531 – Henry was named Supreme Head of the Church of England, but still considered himself Catholic.
May 23, 1533 – Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer declared Henry’s marriage to Catherine invalid.
June 1, 1533 – Anne Boleyn was declared Queen (at 6 months pregnant)
November 28, 1534 – Act of Supremacy passed by Parliament (Thomas More executed)
Anne Boleyn
1533- H8 marries Anne Boleyn and she gives birth to their childAnother girl: ElizabethAnne suffers 2 miscarriages
Anne Boleyn is accused of adultery; imprisoned and later beheaded by sword in 1536. The charges against her were false!
Jane Seymour
Henry married Jane Seymour 10 days after Anne’s execution.
She gave birth to his only son, Prince Edward in 1537, but died 12 days later.
Henry wanted more sons as insurance.
Anne of Cleves
Married Henry in 1540.
“Flanders mare”Brief marriage
was annulled.Why? No
chemistry.
Katherine Howard
Married Henry in 1540.
He was 49; she was 19.
She had affairs; was beheaded in 1542.
Katherine Parr
Married Henry in 1543.
She was a widow; she outlived Henry and remarried after his death.
Kind stepmother. Compared to his 1st wife.
King Edward VI
When H8 died in 1547, his only son became king.
Edward was only 9.Govt. was run by Protestant
advisors (uncle Edward Seymour)
Died in 1553 at the age of 15. (TB)
Picked his cousin, Jane Grey to succeed him. The “9 days queen”
Queen Mary I
R. 1553-1558Known in history as
“Bloody Mary”Repealed everything
Protestant.Turned England back to
Catholicism.Passed Heresy Act-killed
300 Protestants during her reign.
Mary and Philip II
Married Philip in 1554. She was 38; he was 27One-sided love/attractionMarriage was protested by many in England who
didn’t want their country to simply become a satellite territory of Spain.
Suffered a “phantom pregnancy” in 1555.Imprisoned Elizabeth but would not sign her death
warrant.
Throne passes to Elizabeth in 1558.
Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
Glorified as strongest female monarch in England’s history.
“Good Queen Bess”Known for being tolerant and moderate in religious
issues.Reestablished Protestantism, but not too strict.Her changes lasted-The Church of England (Anglican
Church) is still in place today with the same policies she established.
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth was 25 when crowned Queen.Immediately pressured by her Council to marry and
produce an heir.She never does…the Tudor dynasty ends and the
Stuart dynasty begins with her death in 1603. Why not?
The Virgin Queen?Greatest accomplishments: Defeat of the Spanish
Armada in 1588; England’s Golden Age