1
Theranostik – Perspektiven für die personalisierte Medizin in der
Infektionsdiagnostik
Till BachmannUniversity of Edinburgh
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Division of Pathway Medicine @ Edinburgh BioQuarter
•• University of EdinburghUniversity of Edinburgh
•• College of Medicine and College of Medicine and Veterinary MedicineVeterinary MedicineVeterinary MedicineVeterinary Medicine
•• 13 Principal Investigators13 Principal Investigators•• 70 staff and students70 staff and students
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
•• Pathway Biology of Pathway Biology of Infection and ImmunityInfection and Immunity
•• Biochip Biochip MedicineMedicine•• Stratified MedicineStratified Medicine•• Global HealthGlobal Health
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Talk Outline
• Personalised Medicine
• Companion Diagnostics
• Infectious Diseases & Antibiotic Resistance
• New Technology Solutions for ID Diagnostics
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
• New Technology Solutions for ID Diagnostics
Not Every Drug Works with Every Patient
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Clinical application of pharmacogenetics. Spear BB, Heath-Chiozzi M, Huff J. Trends Mol Med. 2001 May;7(5):201-4.
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Personalised Medicines
Right Medicine
Right Patient
Therapeutic Need
Right Patient
Right Disease
Right TimeInnovative Medicines
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Right Dose
Right Response
Right Price
Patient Targeted Therapies
Keys issues withmedicines today
are …..
*5th – 12th September 2005
Efficacy (does the patient
get better?)
SafetySafety (is the drug safe for the patient?)
4
Industry’s View
“For every single Pharma product …the biomarker research and the development of potentially companion diagnostics is a
“For every single Pharma product …the biomarker research and the development of potentially companion diagnostics is acompanion diagnostics is a standard part of the development process” (Severin Schwan, Roche CEO, June 2007)
companion diagnostics is a standard part of the development process” (Severin Schwan, Roche CEO, June 2007)
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
7
http://www.currentpartnering.com
Technology Path to PGx
Bio-k
Drugs
Assaysmarker
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Personalised Medicine
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Personalised Medicine - The Beginnings
• Herceptin/Trastuzumab (Genentech/Roche)– Antibody against Human Epidermal growth
f t R t 2 (HER2 ( bB2 HER2/ ))
• HercepTest (DakoCytomation)• Pathway (Ventana/Roche)
– Identify which patients overexpress Her2
• PathVysion (Vysis/Abbott)Id tif hi h ti t h lti l i f
factor Receptor 2 (HER2 (erbB2, HER2/neu))
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
– Identify which patients have multiple copies of Her2 gene
http://www.herceptin.comhttp://www.dako.comhttp://www.ventanamed.comhttp://www.abbottmolecular.com/PathVysionHER2DNAProbeKit_5138.aspx
Drugs in the Personalized Medicine Cabinet 2011
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf The Case for Personalized Medicine, 3rd Edition, 2011, The Personalized Medicine Coalition (PMC)
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Companies in Companion Diagnostics
ELISABead Array
Microarray Sequencing
y
Invader
In VivoVirus assay
RT-PCRMethylation
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Nature Biotechnology 26, 509 - 517 (2008)
FISH
IHC
miRNA
23 Personalised Medicine M&A Deals 2011
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik RüdersdorfThe Burrill Report October 2011 http://www.burrillreport.com/article-the_october_2011_issue_of_the_burrill_report.html
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Economic Impact of Companion TestsDiscounted Cash Flow - No Dx, NPV = $892 (15% dcf)
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
ue
& C
ost
s
No CDx
-1000
-500
0
500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Year
Rev
en
Revenue Costs
Discounted Cash Flow - Companion Dx, NPV = $2,694 (10% dcf)
2000
2500
ed M
edic
ines
Ltd
dmed
icin
es.c
o.uk
/
No CDx
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Rev
enu
e &
Co
sts
Year
Revenue Additional Revenue Costs Dx test
Edd
ie B
lair,
Inte
grat
e
http
://w
ww
.inte
grat
ed
CDx
Preclinical Phase I Phase 2 Phase 3 Filing Post-Approval
Companion Diagnostics Development Scenario 1 – CDx to be developed
Rx Development
BM Assay Development
C
Rx & Dx data filed for approval Diagnostic launched at
ti
Companion diagnostic identified and NOT available
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Commercial IVD
Cross-over
Eg. Herceptin
same time as drug
Chris Chamberlain
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Reimbursement is a Key Driver
• Health Technology Assessment (cf UK NICE)*Hughes NRDD 8: 261 (2009)
To implement this risk-sharing agreement, clinicians are required to measure the levels of serum M protein (SMP; a specific biomarker for tumour load) after a maximum of four cycles of treatment. If the patient has a reduction in SMP of 50% or more, indicating a complete or partial response, treatment will continue and the NHS will pay. If not, the JnJ must rebate the full cost.Hughes NRDD 6: 945 (2007)
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Andrew Dillon, Chief Executive of NICE commented ….”the NHS will only pay for the drug when it has been proven to work…”
Hughes NRDD 6: 945 (2007)
Eddie Blair, Integrated Medicines Ltd 2010
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Health Care
Provider
DxDeveloper
PM Package
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Companies Entering the Infectious Disease CDx Market I
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
annualreport.roche.com
Companies Entering the Infectious Disease CDx Market II
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
18www.biocartis.com
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Companies Entering the Infectious Disease CDx Market III
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
www.genomeweb.com
Companies Entering the Infectious Disease CDx Market IV
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
www.ivdtechnology.com
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Not Every Drug Works with Every PatientThe Problem of Antibiotic Resistance
• Growing antibiotic resistance threatens the effectiveness of antibiotics
• Serious infections in humans• Overuse and misuse of antibiotics leads to
Bug
• Overuse and misuse of antibiotics leads to resistance
• 2.5m extra hospital days• 380,000 extra infections, 25,000 extra
deaths (4 indications)• 1.5b € per year extra costs in EU• beta-lactams most used antibiotics• Some resistance rates have more than
doubled in the past five years
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
doubled in the past five years• Few antibacterial agents with new
mechanisms of action under development (gram-)
ECDC, EMEA, Technical report: The bacterial challenge: time to react, 2009
Antibiotic Resistance Develops Quickly
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Targeting virulence: a new paradigm for antimicrobial therapy, Anne E Clatworthy, Emily Pierson & Deborah T Hung, Nature Chemical Biology 3, 541 - 548 (2007)
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Antibiotic Prescribing and Consumption
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
• Antibiotic prescribing and consumption varies between European countries• Primary care accounts for about 80 to 90% of all antibiotic prescriptions, mainly
for respiratory tract infections
European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, http://www.ecdc.europa.eu
Numbers of unique beta-lactamase enzymes identified since the introduction
of the first beta-lactam antibiotics
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Davies, J. Et Al. 2010. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 74(3):417-433
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Worldwide distribution of different classes of CTX-M beta-lactamases
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Davies, J. et al. 2010. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 74(3):417-433
Do beta-lactamase variants matter therapeutically? I
“As demonstrated in this study, the KPC ariants ha e different s sceptibilities and
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Phenotypic and enzymatic comparative analysis of the novel KPC variant KPC-5 and its evolutionary variants, KPC-2 and KPC-4. Wolter DJ, Kurpiel PM, Woodford N, Palepou MF, Goering RV, Hanson ND.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Feb;53(2):557-62
variants have different susceptibilities and hydrolytic properties. This may contribute to the difficulty that clinical laboratories have encountered in identifying KPC-producing organisms. “
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Unmet Need in Clinical Microbiology
Pathogen Drug Resistance
Therapy
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Rapid Tests to Enable Prospective Therapy
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Diagnostic DNA Microarrays
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Microbial Antibiotic
SpeciesSNP
DPM Microbial DNA Microarray Portfolio
Microbial Antibiotic
ResistancePathogens
ESBL (SHV, TEM, CTX-M)
OXA, AmpC
KPC
gyrA/parC
Sepsis
Fungi
Protozoa
GastroenteritisHCV
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
E.coli Pathogenicity
fimH ECOR
Environment
Cyanobacteria
Spotting• Microgrid II• Epoxy slides• Spotted capture probes• 20 - 25 nt
Genotyping DNA Microarray Assay
Sample DNAextraction
Amplification and Labeling
Imaging &Identification
Hybridization
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
• Crude sample
• Pure cultures
extraction• AE resin
and Labeling• PCR• Cy3-dCTP• DNase
Identification
• ScanarrayExpress
• 1 h
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Serin β-lactamases Metallo β-lactamases
Antibiotic Resistance: Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases
Carbapenemases
Class A*Group 2**
Class C*Group 1**
Class D*Group 2d**
Class B*Group3**
Cephalosporinaseschromosomal, plasmid encodedall β-Lactams except Carbapenemsno inhibition with clavulanic acid
e.g. AmpC
Carbapenemaseschromosomal, plasmid encodedall β-Lactams except Monobactamsno inhibition with clavulanic acid
e.g. IMP, NDM-1
Cloxacillin (Oxacillin) hydrolyzing enzymeschromosomal, plasmid encoded
e.g. OXA
plasmid encodedinhibition with clavulanic acid2be broad spectrum β-Lactams 2br inhibitor resistant
e.g. TEM, SHV, CTX-M, KPC
point mutations (SNPs) can change resistance phenotype
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Molekulare und biochemische Grundlagen der Beta-Lactam-Resistenz durch Beta-Lactamasen. Irith Wiegand. Chemotherapie Journal, 12. Jahrgang, Heft 6/2003
Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)
Inhibitor Resistant (IR)
mutant beta-lactamases differ in 1 to 5 amino acid positions
* older Classification according to Ambler (1980)** Classification according to Bush, Jacoby and Medeiros (BJM)
SNP Detection Microarray Principle
allele-specific hybridisation
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
spotting controlneg. hyb. controlpos. hyb. controlprocess controlperfect matchTEM1mismatch TEM1
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ESBL Microarray
TEM SHV CTX-M
CTX-M groups
CTX M M1
Specifications
3 chip modules 14 subarrays
process control (PC)
spotting control (SC)
positive control (PHC)
negative control (NHC)
CTX-M group M1
CTX-M group M8/25
CTX-M group M2PMs TEM-1, SHV-1 and CTX-M15
14 subarrays 155 probe sets 2060 spots
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
CTX-M group M9
Integrated detection of extended-spectrum-beta-lactam resistance by DNA microarray-based genotyping of TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes. Leinberger DM, Grimm V, Rubtsova M, Weile J, Schröppel K, Wichelhaus TA, Knabbe C, Schmid RD, Bachmann TT. J Clin Microbiol. 2010 Feb;48(2):460-71.
ESBL Microarray Testing of Clinical Isolates
SHV-12 SHV type beta lactamase13 x
ESBLs
SHV-5SHV-12 + CTX-M15
CTX-M15 CTX-M type beta lactamase42 x
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
CTX-M15 + CTX-M14bCTX-M14
CTX-M9
CTX-M3
no ESBL variant no TEM, SHV or CTX-M ESBL6 x
Integrated detection of extended-spectrum-beta-lactam resistance by DNA microarray-based genotyping of TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes. Leinberger DM, Grimm V, Rubtsova M, Weile J, Schröppel K, Wichelhaus TA, Knabbe C, Schmid RD, Bachmann TT. J Clin Microbiol. 2010 Feb;48(2):460-71.
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Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) microarray
• Confers resistance to Carbapenems• Carbapenems classed as “drug of last
resort”• First reported in North Carolina inFirst reported in North Carolina in
2001 by Yigit et al. • Found in New York, Israel, China,
South America, ...Perfect Match(KPC-3)
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Peter H, Berggrav K, Thomas P, Pfeifer Y, Witte W, Dobrindt U, Bachmann TT, Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Carbapenem Resistance Directly from Urine Samples using DNA Microarrays. submitted
KPC Reference Strains for Assay Development
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
urine dilutions 1x109 – 1 CFU / ml
QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit (Qiagen)
Urine Bacterial DNA Isolation Kit (Norgen)
Peter H, Berggrav K, Thomas P, Pfeifer Y, Witte W, Dobrindt U, Bachmann TT, Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Carbapenem Resistance Directly from Urine Samples using DNA Microarrays. submitted
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KPC Microarray Results I
Array 1 (K. pneumoniae, VA 367, KPC-3)
Array readout results:
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Peter H, Berggrav K, Thomas P, Pfeifer Y, Witte W, Dobrindt U, Bachmann TT, Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Carbapenem Resistance Directly from Urine Samples using DNA Microarrays. submitted
Identification Directly from Spiked Urine Samples
Qiagen K. pneumoniae (KPC-3)
LOD4000 CFU / ml urine
Norgen
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
LOD360 CFU / ml urine
Peter H, Berggrav K, Thomas P, Pfeifer Y, Witte W, Dobrindt U, Bachmann TT, Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Carbapenem Resistance Directly from Urine Samples using DNA Microarrays. submitted
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Limit of Detection (LOD)
Analysis directly from spiked urine samples
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Peter H, Berggrav K, Thomas P, Pfeifer Y, Witte W, Dobrindt U, Bachmann TT, Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Carbapenem Resistance Directly from Urine Samples using DNA Microarrays. submitted
Improving the Resolution of SNP Detection
C TA G
hybridisation
C TA G C TA G
hybridisation digestiondigestion
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Schulze H, Barl T, Vase H, Baier S, Thomas P, Giraud G, Crain J, Bachmann TT, Enzymatic on-chip enhancement of genotyping DNA microarrays. submitted
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Nuclease Treated KPC Arrays with Clinical Isolates
1.21.2
Nuclease treatedBuffer control
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
SNP 147 SNP 308 SNP 716 SNP 814
SNP Position
A
G
C
T
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
SNP 147 SNP 308 SNP 716 SNP 814
SNP Position
A
G
C
T
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
PCR amplified KPC-3 positive sample labeled with Cy3 was hybridized to the KPC array and treated with 1:10 dilution of nuclease (left) or a control (1x Taq PCR buffer) (right) at 42ºC for 30 min. Normalized signal intensity data.
CEL nuclease substantially enhanced SNP discrimination of a KPC microarray tested with PCR products derived from clinical isolates.
Schulze H, Barl T, Vase H, Baier S, Thomas P, Giraud G, Crain J, Bachmann TT, Enzymatic on-chip enhancement of genotyping DNA microarrays. submitted
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Point of Care Testing
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• Integration Of Nucleic Acid, Protein And Small Molecule Detection On A Rapid, Point-of-care Multi-parameter Platform
• 4 year $15M funding provided by ITI Scotland and
Biosensing Platform Project
• 4 year, $15M funding provided by ITI Scotland and the European Regional Development Fund
• Demonstrator cartridge & instrument• Microfluidics core capability • Prototype system designed for flexible development• Short time-to-result achieved
Total TTR of 10 – 15minSample preparation <2minPlasma to cDNA ~6minqPCR <7minqPCR <7min
• Small molecule (antibiotic) detection• Multiplex and Multiparameter assays• Novel detection modalities• Partners
ITI-Scottish Enterprise, GlasgowLab901, Edinburgh, ScotlandDivision of Pathway Medicine, EdinburghAxis-Shield Diagnostics, Dundee
Chronic Wound CareProgramme
• Development of a an easy-to-use, portable medical device that can be readily applied to diagnose and treat chronic wounds in a clinical environment and in the community.
• University of Edinburgh, Zisys Ltd. research provider
• Aim: Molecular MRSA detection from clinical specimen without PCR
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Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
• Label free detection
• Small AC potential is applied to an electrochemical cell and the
3’
Fe(CN)6-3/-4
Fe(CN)6-3/-4
current response measured
• Interrogate different frequencies ranging from 0.1 -100,000 Hz
5’
Probe
Target 10 nM
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Target 10 nM
Target 50 nM0.00
E - Excitation potential I - current response
Detection of MRSA using EIS
3
4 0 nM mecA + 3 S.D
Rat
io
4
5
6
7
R2 = 0.9920
e R
atio
0.01 0.1 1 100
1
2
Sig
na
l In
cre
ase
mecA PCR product / nM
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700
1
2
3
4
Sig
nal I
ncr
ease
MRSA mecA PCR product / nM
• PCR Product • PCR Product
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
OO
O
O
NH2
• PCR Product• PNA Probes
• PCR Product• PNA Probes + Spacer
Corrigan D., et al. Impedimetric detection of single-stranded PCR products derived from methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. Biosensors Bioelectronics in revision
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Enzymatic Signal Amplification to Increase EIS Signal
1000 PMMM
[Fe3(CN)6]3- + e-[Fe3(CN)6]4-[Fe3(CN)6]3- + e-[Fe3(CN)6]4-
0 5 10 15 20 25 301
10
100
MM
Am
pli
fica
tio
n f
acto
r
Localised precipitation
[ 3( )6][ 3( )6][Fe3(CN)6] e[Fe3(CN)6]
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
t [min]
• SNP discrimination• Localised precipitation• Detection even before 5 min feasible
Alkaline phosphatase enzymatic signal amplification for fast, sensitive impedimetric DNA detection. Kaatz M,Schulze H, Ciani I, Lisdat F, Mount AR, Bachmann TT. Analyst. 2012 Jan 7;137(1):59-63.
PM
MM
Towards NDM-1 Point of Care Testing using EIS
3
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
NDM-1 noncomplementary Target
del
ta R
ct
Control
Test
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: a molecular, biological, and epidemiological study. Kumarasamy KK et al. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010 Sep;10(9):597-602.
p y g
Sample
• 15 min incubation• Synthetic target
25
Sample Manipulation to Improve Assay Performance
25 nm• Dielectrophoresis (DEP)• Trapping of bacterial RNA by DEP in order to
AC field
achieve faster and more sensitive detection
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
16S rRNA (1541 bases) 23S rRNA (2904 bases)
Dielectrophoretic manipulation of ribosomal RNA. Giraud G, Pethig R, Schulze H, Henihan G, Terry JG, Menachery A, Ciani I, Corrigan D, Campbell CJ, Mount AR, Ghazal P, Walton AJ, Crain J, Bachmann TT.Biomicrofluidics. 2011 Jun;5(2):24116
Frequency Dependency of rRNA Dielectrophoresis
Spherical rRNA Stretched rRNA0.01 MHz0.1 MHz
1 MHz3 MHz
5 MHz7 MHz
10 MHz30 MHz50 MHz
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Dielectrophoretic manipulation of ribosomal RNA. Giraud G, Pethig R, Schulze H, Henihan G, Terry JG, Menachery A, Ciani I, Corrigan D, Campbell CJ, Mount AR, Ghazal P, Walton AJ, Crain J, Bachmann TT.Biomicrofluidics. 2011 Jun;5(2):24116
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Manipulation of rRNA in Real Time
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
DEP at 3 MHz 4V -------------------------- 1 minute --------------------- DEP at 50 MHz 4V
Dielectrophoretic manipulation of ribosomal RNA. Giraud G, Pethig R, Schulze H, Henihan G, Terry JG, Menachery A, Ciani I, Corrigan D, Campbell CJ, Mount AR, Ghazal P, Walton AJ, Crain J, Bachmann TT.Biomicrofluidics. 2011 Jun;5(2):24116
Conclusion and Outlook
• Personalised Medicine is becoming a viable approachin healthcare.
• IVD and Pharma partnering is rising• IVD and Pharma partnering is rising.
• Omics research feeds into constant stream of novel biomarkers.
• Rx demand for Dx creates opportunities for biosensing developments.
• Antibiotic resistance creates an unmet need for therapies
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Image http://ocjewishexperience.wordpress.com
of infectious disease.
• New technologies offer advanced possibilities for infectious disease diagnostics.
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Acknowledgments
Grace HenihanIlenia CianiMarie CraigonCatriona AndersonMiriam Kaatz
Julie LubyDiana Sisu
Stuart EmberMizan Khondoker
Davide PapaleChaker Tlili
Alison HardieAnne HolmesHolger SchulzeHarald PeterAlan RossDamion CorriganJon Terry
Chaker TliliNate Wittenberg
Gerard GiraudJohn Henry
John Beattie
Eddie Blair
Workshop Infektionsdiagnostik25. Januar 2012Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
Peter Ghazal, Ron Pethig, Jason Crain, Anthony Walton, Colin Campbell, Andy Mount,Ken Pierce, Rohit Mistry, Carmelo Volpe, Larry Wangh, Jay Lewington
Kate Templeton, Paddy Gibb, Matthew Young,Fred Lisdat, and all former funders, collaboration partners and colleagues
Eddie Blair