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What is a tip truck?
A tip truck is a truck which carries and discharges (dumps) loads. The types of loads a tip truck might carry
include grain, rock, sand, mulches, etc. You use a tip truck to dump or spread loads. You often use tip trucksfor civil construction or landscaping jobs.
There are many different types of tip trucks for different jobs. Tip trucks range from small light rigid trucks
to large B-doubles or road trains. Some tip trucks tip from the rear only, some tip from the side. There are
also belly dumpers which drop the load from the middle of the truck. Because you drive tip trucks on public
roads, you need a licence. The type of licence you need will depend on the weight of the tip truck and load. It
also depends on the laws (regulations) in your state or territory. You will need to get your licence through the
road trafc authority in your state.
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Types of tip trucks
You measure truck weight as Gross
Vehicle Mass (GVM), or Gross
Combination Mass (GCM).
Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) is the
total weight of the truck load. For
example, if the truck weighs 4 tonne
and the load weighs 2 tonne, the
GVM is 6 tonne.
Gross Combination Mass (GCM)
means the total weight of the truck,
trailer and load. For example, if the
truck weighs 10T, the trailers weighs
10 tonne and the load weighs 20
tonne, the GVM is 40 tonne.
The following table shows types of tip trucks, how many axles they may have, and what each type of tip truck
is used for. It shows the type of licence needed to drive the truck as well as the weight of the vehicle and
load (Gross Vehicle Mass).
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Required Knowledge 11
Road constRuction
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Civil construction activity sequences of road
construction, earthworks and drainage
Easy Guides Australia Pty Ltd
Basics of road construction (continued)
As the operator shapes the ground, they will usually create drainage at the sides of the road area. They will
also make sure there is enough fall (scope) on the road so that water drains away from the road.
The road base is shaped level, using a front end
loader or a dozer. This helps smooth out the
surface ready for grading.
A water truck is often used to wet down the
ground. This helps the soil to bond.
RIIMPO326A: RK 11
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Civil construction activity sequences of road
construction, earthworks and drainage
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Basics of road construction (continued)
If asphalt is being laid then there may be
several layers of road base. Each layer will be
spread, watered, then compacted. The asphalt
is then laid by an asphalt machine.
A compactor then compacts the asphalt.
RIIMPO326A: RK 11
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Element 1
Plan and PRePaRe
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Element 1 Plan and prepare
What environmental issues should you be careful of when working?Question 21
Answer:
Wastemanagement
Air pollution
Conned spaces
Damage to plants andtreesNoise
Damage to undergroundservices
Soil damage anderosion
Asbestos from oldbuildings
Fire
Leaking fuels
RIIVEH304B PC: 1.5
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Why should you check the noise laws for your state/territory before
starting work?
Question 22
Answer:
Because there are rules about
how early or late you can work.
RIIVEH304B PC: 1.5
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Element 2
conduct machine
PRe-oPeRational checks
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Element 2 Conduct machine pre-operational checks
Easy Guides Australia Pty Ltd
What are some pre-operational checks you do before using the tip truck?
Note: On many sites, an authorised mechanic will do some of these checks.
Question 25
Answer: Checks may include:
Look for leaks under the tip truckDo a visual check of tyre condition, tyre pressure and
wheel nut indicators (if tted).
RIIVEH304B PC: 2.1, 5.2
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Element 2 Conduct machine pre-operational checks
Easy Guides Australia Pty Ltd
What are some park checks you do before using the tip truck?Question 26
Answer: Checks may include:
The bonnet and cab are secure and all doors and
hatches are closed
Air pressure (If your truck has air brakes).
RIIVEH304B PC: 2.1, 5.2
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Element 3
oPeRate tRuck
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Element 3 Operate truck
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If your load is sticking you
will need to lower the tray
and free the load.
Tipping soils, sand or clay (continued)
RIIVEH304B PC: 3.1
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Element 3 Operate truck
15 Easy Guides Australia Pty Ltd
Do not climb up the load with the tray tilted to free the load. The load might come lose, slide down and
trap you.
Tipping soils, sand or clay (continued)
RIIVEH304B PC: 3.1
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Element 3 Operate truck
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What are some weather conditions that can make the tip truck unstable?Question 42
Answer:
RIIVEH304B PC: 3.1
Wet ground. Raising the tray in high winds.
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Element 3 Operate truck
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Your truck is empty. Why do you have to give way to loaded trucks
and scrapers?
Question 54
Answer:
Because you can stop and turn
your empty truck more easily.
This is because loaded trucks are
heavier than unloaded trucks, so
it takes longer for them to stop.
Empty trucks need to give way to
scrapers because they can turn
and stop better than scrapers.
RIIVEH304B PC: 3.5
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Element 4
load, tRansPoRt and
tiP mateRials
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Element 4 Load, transport and tip materials
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RIIVEH304B PC: 4.1
Position the truck for loading and unloading
There are different ways to
load a trip truck. The load may
be placed in the tray by a front
end loader or an excavator.
Sometimes the truck may be
loaded with a conveyor. You
may load the truck by parking
under a loading silo, or auger.
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Element 4 Load, transport and tip materials
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Secure load safely
RIIVEH304B PC: 4.4
When you are moving loads such
as sands, soils or rubbish (waste
material), you must cover your
load. This is because dust, small
stones, dirt or rubbish may cause
a hazard on the road. This could
cause a driver or a motorcyclist to
have an accident.
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Element 4 Load, transport and tip materials
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RIIVEH304B PC: 4.5
Discharging on slopes (side tipping)
You must be careful when you are dumping a loadover the face of a ll site. You must talk to the
site supervisors or check engineering drawings to
make sure the site can support the weight of the
truck. If the ground is too soft it could give way
and your truck could fall into the hole.
If you are not sure if the ground can support thetruck you should arrange to tip in a pile further
from the face. A loader/dozer can then push the
load over the face.
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Element 4 Load, transport and tip materials
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RIIMPO206B: PC 4.6
Dumping
Sometimes you may need to dump all the materials in a heap. For example, if you are building a stockpiling,
or working on a site where the truck does not have access, and another machine will do the spreading.
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Element 5
caRRy out oPeRatoR
maintenance
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Element 5 Carry out operator maintenance
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How do you shut down the tip truck?Question 57
Answer:
2. Put the gear shifter in neutral or park.1. Put the park brake on.
RIIVEH304B PC: 5.1
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Element 5 Carry out operator maintenance
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Can you leave the engine running when youre not in the truck?Question 59
Answer:
No, always shut down the machine
properly when you arent in it!
Shut down the machine for safety and
to stop unauthorised people using it.
RIIVEH304B PC: 5.1
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Element 5 Carry out operator maintenance
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Why must you remove the keys when youre nished with the truck?Question 61
Answer:
To stop unauthorised people using it.
RIIVEH304B PC: 5.1
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Element 6
clean uP
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Element 6 Clean up
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What do you have to clean on the tip truck?Question 73
Answer:
Clean the steps, windows and cabin. Clean the mirrors.
RIIVEH304B PC: 6.2
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Element 6 Clean up
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What do you do with other equipment and tools youve used?Question 74
Answer:
Clean tools and equipment, and put them back in their place.
RIIVEH304B PC: 6.2