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CHAPTER 10
CREATIVE DECISION
MAKING AND PROBLEM
SOLVING
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Creativity refers to the invention or origination of
any new thing that has value.Wikipedia
Creativity is defined as the tendency to generate
or recognize ideas, alternatives, or possibilities
that may be useful in solving problems,
communicating with others, and entertainingourselves and others.Robert E. Franken
The ability to look at the same things as
someone else and think something
differentAlbert Szent-Gyorgyi
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THEORIES OF
CREATIVITY
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Psychoanalytical perspective
The general argument is that people
become creative in reaction todifficult circumstances or repressed
emotions
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Creativity is a preconscious mental activity Creativity thinking occurs in our subconscious
thoughts and is not directly accessible to our
conscious thoughts
This theory argues that people are able todemonstrate creativity when they link the
personal unconscious with the collective
conscious.
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Behavioral Perspective
The behaviorist believes a person is not an
initiating force in the creative act, but
rather a focal point where environmental
and genetic forces come together to havea common effect. The environment acts
upon the individual
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Creativity is a natural response to stimuli
within our individual environments, certain
combinations of stimuli can lead to more
creative behavior than other combinations
The genetic and environmental histories
responsible for an individual's behavior andthen to create an environment for creative
behavior to occur
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Cognitive Process Perspective
The term cognitive process means a
volitional mental operation that can belearned in much the same way as
solving a problem
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Creativity is a property of thought process
that can be acquired and improvedthrough instruction and practice
Creativity as a thinking process implying it
is a learned behavior that can be
improved.
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Different Waysto Think
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Logical Thinking
Logical thinking is to think on the basis of
knowledge, what we know, and
certainties, what we can prove.
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Using left-brain
Using experimental and analytical abilities to
think about a problem
rooted in the model-building and quantitative
methods of management sciences
an integral part of the design and developmentof a computer-based DSS
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Lateral Thinking
Lateral thinking is based upon the premise that
the human mind naturally processes and stores
information in accordance with a specific
pattern of thought and action.
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Lateral thinking is the ability to think creatively,
or "outside the box" to use your inspiration and
imagination to solve problems by looking at
them from unexpected perspectives.
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Critical Thinking
Process of purposeful, self-regulatory judgment.The process gives reasoned consideration
to evidence, contexts, conceptualizations,
methods, and criteria" (1990).
Broadly defined as "thinking about thinking."
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Opposite Thinking
a method of problem solving whereby the
decision maker simply takes the
perspective of someone other than
him/herself
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Group Thinking
an alternative way of thinking and can be
used effectively to achieve group
involvement in activities such as idea
generation and brainstorming
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Intuitive Thinking
not same as creativity but has been identified as
an important element in creative decision
making and problem solving
Intuitive Thinking educates people to access anduse the full potential of their whole brain
intelligence in decision-making.
Use the right-brain
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CREATIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING TECHNIQUES
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Free association
all focused on a single goal; divergent thinking
and generation of ideas
It wont give you a specific answer to your
problem but it will help you explore differentapproaches to it
Association can help spark ideas to lead
you to a solution. The most common is brainstorming
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Structured relationships
focus on the generation of new ideas via a
process where two or more objects, products,
idea or concepts are forced together or
combined to produce new objects or ideas Osborns Idea Checklist, Morphological forced
connections, Analytic Hierarchy Process
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Group techniques
focus on enhancing and fostering creativity
within a multiparticipant problem-solving context
exercise will naturally create synergies that
generate creative ideas if they are stimulate intosome form of regular and flexible interaction
Nominal Group Technique, Delphi Techniques
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10.3 INTELLIGENT AGENTS INDECISION SUPPORT
To assist in organizing the characteristicsof agents.
Capable of performing many of thenecessary
decision support function formerly
relegated
to human beings
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What is an Intelligent Software Agent?
To assist in organizing the characteristics ofagents, we can conceptualize them asmembers of three primary divisions:1. Agent theory answers the question of what
an agent is as well as the mathematics forrepresenting them.
2. Agent architecture conceptualizes thesoftware engineering models.
3. Agent languages focuses on thedevelopment and deployment of softwarelanguages for programming andexperimenting with agents.
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Characteristics of an IntelligentSoftware Agents
Characteristics
of Intelligent
Software
Agents
MobilityPersonalizabilit
y
Discourse and
Cooperation
Risk, Trust, and
Domain
Graceful
Degradation and
Cooperation
Anthropomorphis
m
Autonomy
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Classification of Intelligent SoftwareAgents
In addition to the identifying
characteristics, there are other ways to
classify agents:
1. Hierarchical classification Franklin and
Graesser proposed a treelike structure,
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Franklin and Graesser Hierarchical
Classification
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2. Categorical classification
classification as organizational
versus personal. Personal
agents are more widespread, but
collaborative technologies suchas Lotus Notes are becoming
more popular.
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