Transfer of TrainingTransfer of Training
Employee Training & Development (Noe)
Chiara S. IndhiraChiara S. Indhira
IntroductionIntroductionTransfer of training - Transfer of training - trainees effectively and continually
applying what they learned in training on their jobs pelatihan secara efektif dan terus menerus menerapkan apa yang mereka pelajari dalam pelatihan pada pekerjaan mereka
The work environment plays an important role in ensuring that transfer of training occurs Lingkungan kerja memainkan peran penting dalam memastikan bahwa terjadi transfer training
Transfer of training is also influenced by:Transfer pelatihan juga dipengaruhi oleh
o trainee characteristics karakteristik peserta pelatihan o training design desain pelatihan
A Model of The Transfer ProcessA Model of The Transfer Process
Trainee Characteristics
Training Design
Work Environment
Motivation
Ability
Create a Learning Environment
Apply Theories of Transfer
Use Self-Management Strategies
Climate for Transfer
Management and Peer Support
Opportunity to Perform
Technological Support
Learning Retention
Generalization and Maintenance
Training DesignTraining DesignTraining designTraining design refers to factors built into the
training program to increase the chances that transfer of training will occur
For transfer of training to occur we need to apply:
◦Transfer of training theories
◦Principles of self – management
Applications of Transfer of Training Applications of Transfer of Training TheoriesTheories
Theory Emphasis Appropriate Conditions Type of Transfer
Identical Elements ToT will occur when training environment is identical to work environment
Work environment features are predictable and stable
Near
Stimulus Generalization
General principles are applicable to many different work situations
Work environment is unpredictable and highly variable
Far
Cognitive Theory Meaningful material and coding schemes enhance storage and recall of training
All types of training and environments
Near and far
Self-Management StrategiesSelf-Management StrategiesSelf-management refers to a person ’s attempt
to control certain aspects of decision making and behavior.
Training programs should prepare employees to self-manage their use of new skills and behaviors on the job.
Obstacles in the work environment that inhibit Obstacles in the work environment that inhibit transfer of training: transfer of training: (1 of 3)(1 of 3)
Obstacles in the work environment that inhibit Obstacles in the work environment that inhibit transfer of training:transfer of training:Work ConditionsWork Conditions (Trainee has difficulty using new
knowledge, skills, or behavior)◦Time pressures◦ Inadequate equipment◦Few opportunities to use skills◦ Inadequate budget
Lack of Peer SupportLack of Peer Support (Peers do not support use of new knowledge, skills, or behavior)
◦Discourage use of new knowledge and skills on the job
◦Unwilling to provide feedback◦See training as a waste of time
Lack of Management SupportLack of Management Support (Managers do not reinforce training or provide opportunities to use new knowledge, skills, or behavior)◦Do not accept ideas or suggestions that are learned
in training◦Do not discuss training opportunities◦Oppose use of skills learned in training◦Communicate that training is a waste of time◦Unwilling to provide feedback and reinforcement for
trainees to use training content
Obstacles in the work environment that inhibit Obstacles in the work environment that inhibit transfer of training:transfer of training:
Work Environment Characteristics That Work Environment Characteristics That Influence TransferInfluence TransferClimate of transferManager SupportPeer supportOpportunity to use learned capabilitiesTechnological support
Organizational Environment That Organizational Environment That Encourage TransferEncourage Transfer
The Learning Organization
Knowledge and Knowledge Management
Learning OrganizationLearning Organization
Learning organization – a company that has an enhanced capacity to learn, adapt, and change
Training processes are carefully scrutinized and aligned with company goals
Training is seen as one part of a system designed to create intellectual capital
Knowledge n Knowledge Knowledge n Knowledge ManagementManagementKnowledgeKnowledge refers to:◦what individuals or teams of employees know or
know how to do (human and social knowledge)◦a company’s rules, processes, tools, and routines
(structured knowledge)
Knowledge is either:◦tacit knowledge, or◦explicit knowledge
Knowledge n Knowledge Knowledge n Knowledge ManagementManagementKnowledge managementKnowledge management refers to the
process of enhancing company performance by:◦designing and implementing tools, processes,
systems, structures, and cultures◦to improve the creation, sharing, and use of
knowledge
Knowledge n Knowledge Knowledge n Knowledge ManagementManagementKnowledge management can help
companies:◦Get products to market quicker◦Better serve customers◦Develop innovative products and services◦Attract new employees and retain current ones by
giving people the opportunity to learn and develop