Toll-like Receptor(TLR) Signaling
Bacteria
Bacteria
Yeast
Zymosan
TIRAP
TIRAP
TRIF
MyD88
MyD88
FADD
IRAK4
TRAF6
TRAF6
RIP1
IRAK1
IRAK4
TAB1/2
TRAF6 IRAK1/2
PI3K
Rac1
Akt
IKK
Expression of Pro-inflammatory CytokinesApoptosis Expression of Type I Interferon
IκB
IKKε
ISRE
Casp-8
Caspase
Degradation
Cascade
TL
R2
TL
R1
TL
R5
TL
R5
dsRNA
ssRNA
CpG DNA
NAP1
TL
R4
CD
14
BLP/LAM/PGN Flagellin LPS
MD-2
TRIF
TL
R4
TRAF3TAK1
TL
R6
TL
R2
CD
14
ERK
Bacteria Bacteria
Cell Membrane
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleus
IRF5 IRF7 IRF3
TBK1
TLR3
TANK
TLR7
TLR8
TLR9
TLR3
TRAMTIRAP
MyD88
MyD88
MyD88
MyD88
MKKsIKKs
p38JNK
NF-�B IRF7IRF5c-Jun IRF3
I�B�
NF-�B
ISRE ISRE
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors identified as homologs of Toll in Drosophila. TLRs play crucial
roles in the innate immune system by recognizing various ligands of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs, e.g.
dsRNA) derived from various microbes or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) derived from damaged cell
contents (not shown). TLRs localize to the cell surface or to intracellular compartments (e.g. endosome). Homo- or
heterodimer formation initiates signaling to the two major downstream adaptor proteins, MyD88 and TRIF. TIRAP conducts
the signal from TLR4 to MyD88, and TRAM mediates the signal from TLR4 to TRIF. TLR engagement induces formation of
the Myddosome, which is based on MyD88 and also contains IRAK1 and IRAK4. IRAK1 activation induces TRAF6 activation
following K63-linked polyubiquitination on TRAF6 itself and TAK1. TAK1 activation leads to the activation of IKK
complex-NF-kB and MAPKs (e.g. ERK, JNK, p38). MAPK activation leads to AP1 (e.g. c-jun) activation. TLR engagement
also induces TRIF activation following TRAF6 and TRAF3 recruitment. TRAF3 recruits TBK1 and IKKε for IRFs
phosphorylation and expression of interferon-β. Abbreviations: dsRNA, double-stranded RNA; ssRNA, single-stranded
RNA; BLP, Bacteria Lipoprotein; LAM, lipoarabinomannan; PGN, peptidoglycan; ISRE, Interferon-sensitive response
Key Products for TLR SignalingKey Products for TLR Signaling
Target Name Cat.No. Reactivity Applications Citations
TLR2
TLR4
TLR5
TLR7
TLR8
TLR9
IRAK1
Phospho-IRAK1 (Ser376)
Phospho-IRAK1 (Thr209)
Phospho-IRAK1 (Thr387)
IRAK4
Phospho-IRAK4 (Thr345)
Phospho-TAK1 (Thr184)
Phospho-TAK1 (Thr187)
Phospho-TAK1(Thr184 + Thr187)
IKK alpha + IKK beta
Phospho-IKK alpha/beta (Ser176 + Ser180)
JNK1+JNK2+JNK3
Phospho-JNK1 + 2 + 3 (Thr183+Tyr185)
p38 MAPK
Phospho-p38 MAPK (Thr180 + Tyr182)
AKT1+2+3
AKT
AKT
Phospho-AKT (Ser473)
ERK1 + ERK2
Phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202 + Tyr204)
NFkB p65
Phospho-NFkB p65 (Ser536)
c-Jun
Phospho-c-Jun (Thr249)
Phospho-c-Jun (Thr91)
IRF3
IRF3
Phospho-IRF3 (Ser386)
Phospho-IRF3 (Ser396)
IRF7
Phospho-IRF7 (Ser471 + Ser472)
bs-1019R
bs-20595R
bs-1197R
bs-6601R
bs-8684R
bs-2717R
bs-28003R
bs-3192R
bs-20492R
bs-3194R
bs-2440R
bs-10208R
bs-3436R
bs-3438R
bs-3439R
bs-10123R
bs-3237R
bs-2592R
bs-1640R
bs-0637R
bs-0636R
bs-6951R
bsm-33278M
bsm-33282M
bs-0876R
bs-2637R
bs-3016R
bs-20355R
bs-0982R
bs-0670R
bs-5462R
bs-5458R
bs-2993R
bsm-52116R
bs-9278R
bs-3195R
bs-2994R
bs-3196R
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse
Human
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human
Human
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human
Human
Human,Mouse
Human,Mouse
Human,Mouse
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
Human,Mouse,Rat
WB,IHC-P
WB,FCM
WB
WB,IF
WB,IHC-P
WB,IHC-P,FCM
WB,IHC-P
WB,IHC-P,FCM
WB,IHC-P
WB,IHC-P,FCM
FCM
WB,IHC-P
WB
WB,IHC-P,FCM
WB
WB,IHC-P
WB,IHC-P
WB,IHC-P,FCM
WB,IHC-P,FCM
WB
WB
WB,FCM
WB
WB
WB,IHC-P
WB,IHC-P
WB,IHC-P,IF
WB,IHC-P,FCM
WB,IHC-P,FCM
WB,IHC-P,FCM
FCM
WB,FCM
WB
WB
WB,IHC-P,FCM
IHC-P,FCM
WB,IHC-P
WB,IHC-P,FCM
WB=Western Blot; IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry with Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Slides; IF=Immunofluorescence; FCM=Flow cytometry
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