1
1 October 2008
Masatami Takimoto
Toyota Motor Corporation
1 October 2008
Masatami Takimoto
Toyota Motor Corporation
Toyota’s Initiatives for Realizing Sustainable Mobility
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3. Prevent Air Pollution3. 3. Prevent Air PollutionPrevent Air Pollution
1. Reduce Oil Consumption and Promote Wider Use of Alternative Energies
1. 1. Reduce Oil Consumption Reduce Oil Consumption and Promote Wider Use of Alternative Energiesand Promote Wider Use of Alternative Energies
2. Reduce CO2 (for prevention of global warming)2. 2. Reduce COReduce CO2 2 ((for prevention of global warmingfor prevention of global warming))
Recognizing Challenges
3
Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and lower CO2 emissions
Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and lower COlower CO22 emissionsemissions
【
Six methods by which the world’s most
compact vehicle was achieved 】【
Six methods by which the world’s most
compact vehicle was achieved 】Reverse placement of differential gear Reverse placement of differential gear Centered take-off gearboxCentered take-off gearbox
Placement of ultra-thin fuel tank under floorPlacement of ultra-thin fuel tank under floor
Compact air conditioning unitCompact air conditioning unit Asymmetric installment panelAsymmetric installment panel
Slimmed backs of car seatsSlimmed backs of car seats
Initiatives for Reducing Size and Weight of Vehicles
4
L31.0LL3
1.0L
Newly- developed
L41.3L
New Start & Stop system
Newly- developed
L41.3L
New Start & Stop system
L41.8L2.0L
Valvematic system
L41.8L2.0L
Valvematic system
Newly- developed
L42.5L2.7L
Newly- developed
L42.5L2.7L
V62.5L3.0L3.5L4.0L
V62.5L3.0L3.5L4.0L
V84.6L5.0L5.7L
V84.6L5.0L5.7L
Add variations of fuel-efficient enginesAdd variations of fuelAdd variations of fuel--efficient enginesefficient engines
Advanced Gasoline Engine Technology
Complete upgrading of entire engine series from L3 (1.0 L) to V8Complete upgrading of entire engine series from L3 (1.0 L) to V8
5
Advanced Gasoline Engine Technology
<Improvement of fuel efficiency><Improvement of fuel efficiency> <Weight reduction><Weight reduction>
<Improvement of performance><Improvement of performance>
CO2
Decla
red V
alue (
g/km)
Engine
former new former1MZ-FE
new2ZR-FE1ZZ-FE 2GR-FE
former new3GR-FSE2JZ-GE
former new1UR-FSE3UZ-FE
Achieved improvement in fuel efficiency by introducing new engines
■Fuel efficiency comparison(former-new)■Fuel efficiency comparison(former-new)
former1SZ-FE
new1KR-FE
former1AZ-FSE
new3ZR-FAE 2JZ-FSE 2GR-FSE 3UZ-FE 1UR-FSE
former new former new
engine
Weig
ht co
mpar
ison b
y outp
ut(kg
/kW/L)
Reduced weight by using aluminum material and modularized parts.
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0 ■Engine weight comparison(former-new)■Engine weight comparison(former-new)
Performance improved by introducing D-4S, high compression ratio and lowering friction. Ou
tput c
ompa
rison(
kW/L)
50
60
70
‘90 ’95 ‘00 ‘05 ’08(year)
Achieved improvements in weight reduction, fuel efficiency and performance at the same time
Achieved improvements in weight reduction, Achieved improvements in weight reduction, fuel efficiency and performance at the same timefuel efficiency and performance at the same time
300
250
150
100
200
1.0L class2.0L class
3.0L class 4.0L class
Avensis
Lexus RXLexus GS
Lexus LS
6
Diesel Engine Line-up
Expand line-up and increase productionExpand lineExpand line--up and increase productionup and increase production
1.4 liter
Debut scheduledfor 2012
Debut scheduledfor 2012
1.6 liter class 2.0-2.2 liter 2.5-3.0 liter V8 4.5 liter
Million units
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
0.2
0
0.40.60.81.01.2
Production Volume of Diesel Engines1.3 Total
cumulative production has reached 20 million
Total cumulative production has reached 20 million
2007
7
Vehicle Weight (ton)
CO2
Emiss
ion
(g/km
)
PriusPriusCamry HVCamry HV
GS450hGS450hRX400hRX400h
LS600hLS600h
GasolineGasoline
DieselDiesel
Gasoline HVGasoline HV
Heavy
Large
EC mode
HV contribute to reduced CO2 emissionsHV contribute to reduced COHV contribute to reduced CO22 emissionsemissions
Environmental Superiority of Hybrid Vehicles (HV)
8
900900
800800
700700
600600
500500
400400
300300
200200
100100
1,0001,000
00
( thousand)( thousand)
’97’97 ’98’98 ’99’99 ’00’00 ’01’01 ’02’02 ’03’03 ’04’04 ’05’05 ’06’06 ’07’07 ’08’08 ’09’09 (year)(year)
Annual sales of Toyota HV(world wide)Annual sales of Toyota HV(world wide)
Increase promotion of HV
Accelerate promotion of hybrid models to satisfy market demandAccelerate promotion of hybrid models to satisfy market demandAccelerate promotion of hybrid models to satisfy market demand
9
55
’03 Prius ’05 RX400h’97 Prius ’06 GS450h ’07 LS600hTe
chno
logy
Tech
nolog
yOu
tput d
ensit
y rati
oOu
tput d
ensit
y rati
o
11
33
66
44
22
Increase in output density and reduction in size and weightIncrease in output density and reduction in size and weightIncrease in output density and reduction in size and weight
Permanent Magnet MotorPermanent Magnet MotorIncrease in voltageIncrease in voltage
Increase in speedIncrease in speedTwo-stage motor speed
reduction gear Two-stage motor speed
reduction gear
33 kW 50 kW 123 kW 147 kW 165 kW
Evolution of Electric Motors for HV
10
0Volume output density (W/L)Volume output density (W/L)
Mass
outpu
t den
sity (
W/kg
)Ma
ss ou
tput d
ensit
y (W
/kg)
Lighter
(Cylindrical)(Cylindrical)
(Square plastic package)(Square plastic package)
Smaller
30% Improvement
30% Improvement
’03 Prius
’00 Prius(Square resin package)(Square resin package)
’97 Prius
RX400h(Square metal package)(Square metal package)
Evolution of Batteries for HV
Increase in output density and reduction in size and weightIncrease in output density and reduction in size and weightIncrease in output density and reduction in size and weight
35% Improvement
35% Improvement
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HV Competitive Performance
- Toyota far exceeds other car makers in HV sales- Toyota HV are superior in fuel efficiency -- Toyota far exceeds other car makers in HV salesToyota far exceeds other car makers in HV sales-- Toyota HV are superior in fuel efficiency Toyota HV are superior in fuel efficiency
(thousand units/year)
2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000Vehicle Weight (lbs)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Fuel
Econ
omy (
mpg)
◆
◆
◆
◆
◆◆◆
◆◆◆◆
■■■■■■■■
▲▲▲▲ ● ●
’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07’01’00’99’98’970
50■
Toyota
Maker A
Maker BMaker C
100
150
200
250300
350400450
Toyota HV
Other Makers HV
◆
◆
◆◆
◆▲
▲
▲▲
▲▲
▲
◆
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Household electricityHousehold electricity
Fuel Tank
Engine
Motor
Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle
Battery
Recharge battery using an external power sourceShort distance: EV Long distance: HV
Recharge battery using an external power sourceShort distance: EV Long distance: HV
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HybridHybrid
Short distance: EVShort distance: EV Long distance: HVLong distance: HV
ElectricityElectricity
What is a Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle?
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Partner:University of CaliforniaBerkeley, Irvine
Partner: EDF
(13km EV driving distance)(13km EV driving distance)
Toyota PHVsToyota PHVs
Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USAconfirming improved fuel efficiency for plug-in hybrid vehicles
Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USAVerification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USAconfirming improved fuel efficiency for plugconfirming improved fuel efficiency for plug--in hybrid vehiclesin hybrid vehicles
< Fuel Efficiency Improvement >< Fuel Efficiency Improvement >Data on driving in JapanData on driving in Japan
PriusPrius
Level of gasoline vehiclesLevel of gasoline vehicles
1010
88
66
44
22
00 2020 4040 6060Driving distance after battery charged (km)Driving distance after battery charged (km)
Results of Verification Testing for Plug-in Hybrid VehiclesFu
el ec
onom
y (g
asoli
ne ve
hicle=
1)
< Expected Values for EV Driving Distance >(Result from user questionnaires)
10km10km
20km20km40km40km
OtherOther
No AnswerNo Answer
20%
7%7%
19%19% 22%22%
30%30%
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Challenges for EV:1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charging infrastructure
For the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehicles
Challenges for EV:Challenges for EV:1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charg1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charging infrastructureing infrastructure
For the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehiFor the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehiclescles
EV Initiatives
Toyota RAV4 EVToyota RAV4 EV
Toyota e-comToyota e-com Accelerate R&D of new generation EV (in early 2010s)
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1010 100100 10001000 1000010000
Lithiu
m-ion b
atteri
es
Natio
nal p
rojec
t targe
ts
Lithiu
m-ion b
atteri
es
Natio
nal p
rojec
t targe
ts
’10’10
’20’20
’15’15
Nickel-hydride batteries Nickel-hydride batteries
Traditional battery performance limit Traditional battery performance limit
Outpu
t Den
sity (
W/ L
)Ou
tput D
ensit
y (W
/ L)
Energy Density (W/L) Cruising DistanceEnergy Density (W/L) Cruising Distance
AResearch bodiesA
Research bodies
BUniversitiesB
Universities
AResearch bodiesA
Research bodies
ElectrochemistryElectrochemistry
Organic and inorganic chemistryOrganic and inorganic chemistry
Chemical engineeringChemical engineering
Analysis Analysis
SimulationSimulation
Recruitment and training of research personnel
Recruitment and training of research personnel
Toyotabattery
researchdepartment
(openlaboratory)
Toyotabattery
researchdepartment
(openlaboratory)
Next Generation Batteries
Research Organization for Next-generation Batteries
“Sakichi”Batteries Physical chemistryPhysical chemistry
Solid-state physicsSolid-state physics
New battery research department to be established as part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation battery
New battery research department to be established New battery research department to be established as part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation batteas part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation batteryry
10001000
20002000
40004000
60006000
80008000
1000010000
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FFVFFV
FCHVFCHV
Alternative Fuels Initiatives(Bio Fuels, Natural Gas, Hydrogen)
With HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offers products based on the concept “right vehicle for the right place at the right time”
With HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offersWith HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offers products products based on the concept based on the concept ““right vehicle for the right place at the right timeright vehicle for the right place at the right time””
Bio FuelsBio Fuels- Research for manufacturing cellulose ethanol - All models adopted to E10-Development of vehicles like FFV or BDF-vehicles
to satisfy regional demand
HydrogenHydrogen- Steady advances in FCV technology
Natural GasNatural Gas- Introduce CNG vehicles
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Power splitPower splitdevicedeviceGeneratorGenerator
BatteryBattery
MotorMotorPowerPowerControlControl
UnitUnit
ICE Hybrid VehicleICE Hybrid Vehicle
Hybrid technologyHybrid technologyHybrid technology
Scenarios for Response to Environmental and Energy Issues
Elec
tricit
y El
ectri
city
gene
ratio
nge
nera
tion
Hydr
ogen
Hy
drog
en
prod
uctio
npr
oduc
tion
BiomassBiomass
NuclearNuclearenergyenergy
Hydro,Hydro,Solar,Solar,
GeothermalGeothermalenergyenergy
CoalCoal
NaturalNaturalgasgas
OilOil
Synthetic fuelsSynthetic fuels(GTL/CTL/BTL)(GTL/CTL/BTL)
ElectricityElectricity
HydrogenHydrogen
Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fueldiesel fuel (from (from
conventional oil conventional oil fields)fields)
Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fueldiesel fuel
(from deep(from deep--sea oil fields, sea oil fields, oil oil shalesshales, etc.), etc.)
GasGas
Gasification/synthetic technology
CO2 reduction technology (during production of fuel)
Obtain desired properties
Technologyutilizing cellulose
CO2 reduction technology (thermal power station)
CO2 reduction technology (during hydrogen production)
Infrastructure development
Hydrogen storage technology
Electrical storage technology for EV
Drilling and refining technologyand cost
Stabilize supply
Infrastructure development
Gas storagetechnology Build
infrastructure
2010 2030
BioBio--ethanol /ethanol /biobio--dieseldiesel
EngineEngineFuel TankFuel Tank
Bio-fuel,GTL/CTL/BTL,
Gas, etc
Electrical storage technology for PHVs
and small EVs
19
Scenarios for Response to Environmental and Energy Issues
PlugPlug
Elec
tricit
y El
ectri
city
gene
ratio
nge
nera
tion
Hydr
ogen
Hy
drog
en
prod
uctio
npr
oduc
tion
BiomassBiomass
NuclearNuclearenergyenergy
Hydro,Hydro,Solar,Solar,
GeothermalGeothermalenergyenergy
CoalCoal
NaturalNaturalgasgas
OilOil
Gasification/synthetic technology
CO2 reduction technology (during production of fuel)
Obtain desired properties
Technologyutilizing cellulose
Electrical storage technology for PHVs
and small EVs
CO2 reduction technology (thermal power station)
CO2 reduction technology (during hydrogen production)
Infrastructure development
Hydrogen storage technology
Electrical storage technology for EV
Drilling and refining technologyand cost
Stabilize supply
Infrastructure development
Gas storagetechnology Build
infrastructure
2010 2030
Hybrid technologyHybrid technologyHybrid technology
Power splitPower splitdevicedeviceGeneratorGenerator
BatteryBattery
MotorMotorPowerPowerControlControl
UnitUnit
Plug-in Hybrid VehiclePlug-in Hybrid Vehicle
Synthetic fuelsSynthetic fuels(GTL/CTL/BTL)(GTL/CTL/BTL)
ElectricityElectricity
HydrogenHydrogen
Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fueldiesel fuel (from (from
conventional oil conventional oil fields)fields)
Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fueldiesel fuel
(from deep(from deep--sea oil fields, sea oil fields, oil oil shalesshales, etc.), etc.)
GasGas
BioBio--ethanol /ethanol /biobio--dieseldiesel
EngineEngineFuel TankFuel Tank
Bio-fuel,GTL/CTL/BTL,
Gas, etc
20
Scenarios for Response to Environmental and Energy Issues
EngineEngineFuelFuelTankTank
Power splitPower splitdevicedevice
GeneratorGenerator
Elec
tricit
y El
ectri
city
gene
ratio
nge
nera
tion
Hydr
ogen
Hy
drog
en
prod
uctio
npr
oduc
tion
BiomassBiomass
NuclearNuclearenergyenergy
Hydro,Hydro,Solar,Solar,
GeothermalGeothermalenergyenergy
CoalCoal
NaturalNaturalgasgas
OilOil
Gasification/synthetic technology
CO2 reduction technology (during production of fuel)
Obtain desired properties
Technologyutilizing cellulose
CO2 reduction technology (thermal power station)
CO2 reduction technology (during hydrogen production)
Infrastructure development
Hydrogen storage technology
Electrical storage technology for EV
Drilling and refining technologyand cost
Stabilize supply
Infrastructure development
Gas storagetechnology Build
infrastructure
2010 2030
Hybrid technologyHybrid technologyHybrid technology
Electrical storage technology for PHVs
and small EVs
PlugPlug
BatteryBattery
MotorMotorPowerPowerControlControl
UnitUnit
Electric Vehicle Electric Vehicle
Synthetic fuelsSynthetic fuels(GTL/CTL/BTL)(GTL/CTL/BTL)
ElectricityElectricity
HydrogenHydrogen
Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fueldiesel fuel (from (from
conventional oil conventional oil fields)fields)
Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fueldiesel fuel
(from deep(from deep--sea oil fields, sea oil fields, oil oil shalesshales, etc.), etc.)
GasGas
BioBio--ethanol /ethanol /biobio--dieseldiesel
21
BatteryBattery
MotorMotor
Fuel-Cell Hybrid Vehicle(FCHV)
Fuel-Cell Hybrid Vehicle(FCHV)
Scenarios for Response to Environmental and Energy Issues
HydrogenHydrogenTankTank
Power splitPower splitdevicedevice
GeneratorGenerator
PowerPowerControlControl
UnitUnit
FCFCStackStack
Elec
tricit
y El
ectri
city
gene
ratio
nge
nera
tion
Hydr
ogen
Hy
drog
en
prod
uctio
npr
oduc
tion
BiomassBiomass
NuclearNuclearenergyenergy
Hydro,Hydro,Solar,Solar,
GeothermalGeothermalenergyenergy
CoalCoal
NaturalNaturalgasgas
OilOil
Gasification/synthetic technology
CO2 reduction technology (during production of fuel)
Obtain desired properties
Technologyutilizing cellulose
CO2 reduction technology (thermal power station)
CO2 reduction technology (during hydrogen production)
Infrastructure development
Hydrogen storage technology
Electrical storage technology for EV
Drilling and refining technologyand cost
Stabilize supply
Infrastructure development
Gas storagetechnology Build
infrastructure
2010 2030
Hybrid technologyHybrid technologyHybrid technology
Electrical storage technology for PHVs
and small EVs
Synthetic fuelsSynthetic fuels(GTL/CTL/BTL)(GTL/CTL/BTL)
ElectricityElectricity
HydrogenHydrogen
Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fueldiesel fuel (from (from
conventional oil conventional oil fields)fields)
Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fueldiesel fuel
(from deep(from deep--sea oil fields, sea oil fields, oil oil shalesshales, etc.), etc.)
GasGas
BioBio--ethanol /ethanol /biobio--dieseldiesel
22
TODAY for TOMORROWTODAY for TOMORROW