Traditional Balinese
Architecture
School of ArchitectureFaculty of Engineering
Udayana University
• Background• Culture• Local
• Philosophies in Traditional Balinese Architecture• Tri Hita Karana• Manik Ring Cecupu• Tri Bhuana
• Concepts in Traditional Balinese Architecture• Tri Angga• Tri Mandala• Sanga Mandala• Catuspatha
Content
• References for Traditional Balinese Architecture• People• Lontar (Asta Kosala Kosali and Asta Bhumi)• Niskala (mystical essence)
• Types of Traditional Balinese Buildings• Houses• Temples• Public Facilities
• Ornaments in Traditional Balinese Buildings
Content
Culture
Background
• Historical Background• Bali Aga• Bali Mula• Livelihood• Agriculture• Farming • Community System• Relationship between people• Banjar and villages
Religious System
Background
- Panca Srada : 1. Brahma 2. Atman 3. Samsara 4. Karmaphala 5. Moksha
- Panca Yadnya : 1. Dewa
Yadnya 2. Rsi Yadnya
3. Manusa Yadnya
4. Pitra Yadnya 5. Bhuta
Yadnya
Philosophies in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Manik Ring Cecupu
• A Balinese philosophy about harmonious relations between nature (provider) and human (inhabitant).
• Manik ring cecupu means the source of happiness and water of life.
Manik ring cecupu
Source of Happines
s
Tri Hita Karana
Philosophies in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Tri Hita Karana
• Three causes of happiness and welfare, which derives from the harmonious relations between:
• God and human (Parhyangan)• Human and human (Pawongan)• Nature and human (Palemahan)
Philosophies in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Dewa Yadnya Ceremony
Architectural form
Parhyangan
Philosophies in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Pawongan
Pitra, Rsi, Manusa Yadnya
Philosophies in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Palemahan
Philosophies in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Tri Bhuana
Bhur
Bhuwah
Swah
Atmosfer
Litosfer
Hidrosfer
Utama Angga
Concepts in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Madhya Angga
Nista Angga
Tri Angga
Tri Angga
Concepts in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Tri Mandala
Concepts in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Utama Mandal
a
MadyaMandala
Nista Mandala
Tri Mandala
Concepts in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Nista Mandala Madya Mandala
Utama Mandala
Sanga Mandala
Concepts in Traditional Balinese Architecture
U
M
N
N M U
UN UM UU
MN MM MU
NN NM NU
N
Sanga Mandala
Concepts in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Sanga Mandala
Concepts in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Catuspatha
Concepts in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Catuspatha is the concept of empty space in the middle of the intersection between cosmological orientation (kaja-kelod) and ritual values (kangin-kauh) in the Balinese space allocation.
Meaning of the orientation and alternatives for Puri placements
Concepts in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Catuspatha in Puri Agung Denpasar
Concepts in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Catuspatha in Puri Agung Tabanan
Concepts in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Catuspatha in Puri Agung Bangli
Concepts in Traditional Balinese Architecture
• People (Undagi and Sulinggih)
• Lontar (Asta Kosala Kosali and Asta Bumi)
• Niskala (Mystical Essence)
References for Traditional Balinese Architecture
Traditional Balinese House
Types of Traditional Balinese Buildings
Temples
Types of Traditional Balinese Buildings
Pura Kahyangan Tiga, are three holy temples that are found in every village
Consists of Pura Desa, Pura Puseh and Pura Dalem
Temples (Pura Desa)
Types of Traditional Balinese Buildings
• Holy temple to worship Brahma, the God of all creation
• Located in the middle of a villageJeroan
Jaba Tengah
Jaba Sisi
Temples (Pura Desa)
Types of Traditional Balinese Buildings
Jeroan
Gedong Agung Saka Pat
Temples (Pura Desa)
Types of Traditional Balinese Buildings
Jaba Tengah
Bale Agung
Temples (Pura Desa)
Types of Traditional Balinese Buildings
Jaba Sisi
Wantilan
Temples (Pura Puseh)
Types of Traditional Balinese Buildings
• Holy temple to worship Wisnu, the God of care taker
• Located in the middle of the village next to Pura Desa
Temples (Pura Puseh)
Types of Traditional Balinese Buildings
Jeroan
Padmasari dan Gedong Simpen
Temples (Pura Puseh)
Types of Traditional Balinese Buildings
Jaba Tengah
Bale Kulkul
Temples (Pura Dalem)
Types of Traditional Balinese Buildings
• A holy temple to worship Siwa, the God of Destruction
•Located in the outer range of a village, near a cemetery
Temples (Pura Dalem)
Types of Traditional Balinese Buildings
Jeroan
Bale Gong dan Gedong
Temples (Pura Dalem)
Types of Traditional Balinese Buildings
Wantilan
Public Facilities
Types of Traditional Balinese Buildings
Bale KulkulIs a place to hang a kulkul, as a traditional mean of communication
The Kulkul is placed up high so that it will be easy to be heard and for safety considerations
Types of Traditional Balinese Buildings
Roof and Bale (Svah Loka)
Sari (Svah Loka)
Batur (Bwah Loka)
Tepas (Bhur Loka)
Public Facilities
Types of Traditional Balinese Buildings
WantilanIs a public place for the community to hold meetings and socialize
It is also a place for ceremonial needs such as Tabuh Rah.
Traditional Balinese Architecture is a reflection of the beauty of man and it’s nature that is realized in to physical forms (ornaments),
The natural components that are transformed into building ornaments are flora, fauna and religious values and beliefs.
Ornaments in Traditional Balinese Buildings
Flora
Ornaments in Traditional Balinese Buildings
• Keketusan • Kekarangan • Pepatran
Patra Sari
Patra Wangga