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Agenda
Mindset & Preparation
Absolutely required: Basic navigational
tools
GPS EPIRB
VHF
SSB (yay!)
Instrumentation
Autopilot
Very nice to have Weather Fax
Satellite Comms
Radar (reflector
required) Computers & S/W
Subscribe to OceanNavigator!!!!
8 Issues for $26 www.oceannavigator.com Do the Nav Problems!!!
Sail Magazine is good too
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Mindset & Preparation
Make things easy foryourself If a 40-yr old woman can
race a SC50
Take care of #1 A Poptart is NOT a meal
Deal with small thingsbefore they grow into bigthings It is easier to shake out a ref
in light air than put one inheavy air
Dont plan to fall off theboat
If you spend the racewishing you had done X,Y, & Z; its not going tobe as fun The guy with the flood
lights shining on his boatuntil 3 am the night beforethe race usually doesnt win
Dont kid yourself that youare going to finish workduring 1st few days of race
Make a list & prioritizeNOW!
Work through list, dont putoff time-consuming ordifficult tasks
The time will disappearlike popcorn.
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Basic Navigational Tools
Clock (need GPS or SSB to set) Digital watch with 2 time zones - set one to UTC (Zulu)
Radio capable of receiving the Time Broad Servicefrom WWV & WWVH - required for race
Compass (swing) - required for race Sextant (& reduction tables, almanac, calculator,
practice!) - required for race
Barometer damn nice for confirming your
position from the high Charts & plotting paper, plotting tools - required
for race
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GPS
Options
Handheld
Fix-mount with NMEA I/F
Chart drive (or chart plotter) for either (or Laptop) Great for when youre really tired and cant do basic math or
navigating in tricky situations
NMEA Interface (see NMEA insert)
Interface to instrumentation for computing anddisplaying COG, SOG, waypoint range & bearing,VMC, and current set & drift
Interface to EPIRB & navigational computer
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GPS
Features:
I really like track feature - easy to see lifts and headers
Screen readability & easy keypad operation - try it out!!
Power consumption (how long batteries last)
Number of waypoints & routes
Some Options:
Handheld (& lots of batteries) ($150 - $280) Fix-mount w/chart drive & NMEA I/F ($600 - $1,400)
Handheld and fix-mount w/chart drive & NMEA I/F($750) -My choice
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GPS - New
VHF Distress and Position Request Display
Standard Horizon has integrated VHFDigital Selective Calling (DSC) into theirGPS
The GPS can decode and log either aVHF Distress Call or Position Requestcall when input is received from a DSCequipped radio capable of sharing thedata
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GPS Manufacturers
A GPS is required for the race
If you buy more than one, stick with one manufacturer to simplifyease of use
Garmin - http://www.garmin.com/marine
Magellan -http://www.magellangps.com Raymarine - http://www.raymarine.com
Standard Horizon - http://www.standardhorizon.com
B&G - http://www.bandg.co.uk
Datamarine - http://www.sea-dmi.com
Simrad - http://www.simrad.com
Furono - http://www.furuno.com
Si-Tex Marine Electronics - http://www.si-tex.com
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EPIRBs
406 Mhz EPIRB required for race
Options
Mounted or personal
Automatically or manually deployable
I/F to GPS through NMEA I/F & opto-isolator
updates position stored in EPIRB every 20 minutes
New: Integrated GPS
Race Preparation:
Register it with NOAA
Perform self test & ensure battery is up to date
ACR Electronics - http://www.acrelectronics.com
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Marine Radio
VHF Marine Radio Broadcasts Urgent marine navigational and weather information is
broadcast over VHF channel 22A (157.1 MHZ)
All ships in U.S. waters over 20m in length are required
to monitor VHF channel 16, and must have radioscapable of tuning to the VHF simplex channel 22A
NOAA Weather Radio The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration continually broadcasts weatherinformation on frequencies near 162 MHZ
(see Safety Broadcasts insert)
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VHF
Get masthead antenna, its line of sightcommunication (required for race anyway)
Run marine grade large size coax, RG8 (available atWest Marine) or RG13
Have emergency antenna available in case youredismasted (required for race) TEST IT!!!
Handheld is a convenience
No longer need a radio license for recreational
marine VHF operation, but if you have an SSB,you register your VHF, radar, etc., also
(see VHF Frequencies insert)
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VHF - New
Digital Selective Calling (DSC) Part of the new Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
Sends automatic, unattended, continuous, digital distress alert
May include vessel identification, Latitude / Longitude and time
Will also allow mariners to initiate or receive distress, urgency,safety and routine radiotelephone calls
On February 1, 1999, the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)Convention, required all passenger ships and most other ships 300grt and larger on international voyages, including all cargo ships,to carry DSC- equipped radios. Ships were allowed to turn off their2182 kHz radio listening watch on that date, and their VHFchannel 16 listening watch on February 1, 2005.
It may not be possible to initiate radio Communications with these vessels outside theU.S. territorial limit without DSC-capable radios after these listening watches aresuspended. These ships, however, will still be required to keep watch on the VHF bridge-to-bridge voice channel 13, and the U.S. Coast Guard plans to require these ships tocontinue their channel 16 watch within U.S. territorial waters, at least until VHF DSCfacilities can be established on shore.
(see GMDSS insert)
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VHF Radio Manufacturers Standard Horizon - http://www.standardhorizon.com
Icom America - http://www.icomamerica.com
Raymarine - http://www.raymarine.com
Standard http://www.standard-radio.com Uniden America - http://www.uniden.com
West Marine - http://www.westmarine.com
B&G - http://www.bandg.co.uk
Datamarine - http://www.sea-dmi.com
Furono - http://www.furuno.com
Si-Tex Marine Electronics - http://www.si-tex.com
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Instrumentation
Basic
Depth - required for race
Boat speed (fun meter!!!) - required for race
Wind direction & angle (apparent & true)
Battery voltage
Analog (good for app. wind angle) - optional
Ability to display both at nav station from a single displayand multiple, selectable, big, easy to read displays on deck
Ability to set high & low alarm limits
(see Instrumentation insert)
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Instrumentation
More better (need NMEA I/F with GPS for these):
VMC, SOG/COG, waypoint range and bearing
Current set & direction
Required for even moderately serious racing: Polar information & ability to update
Ockam U book ($25) and website are helpful resources
Preparation:
Calibrate instrumentation!
Check to see if any fuses required & bring spares
(see Polars insert)
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Instrumentation
My favorites:
Big: VMC (for reaching & surfing - keeps you honest),mag heading, polar angle (from polars) or wpt bearing
Small: True wind speed & direction, actual and target
boat speed (from polars - keeps you more honest)
Analog: 360 and magnified app. wind angle
Handheld GPS to see boats track
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Instrumentation Manufacturers B&G - http://www.bandg.co.uk
All components are waterproof
Ockam - http://www.ockam.com
KVH - http://www.kvh.com/products/index.html
Have heard that it can produce RF interference
Raymarine - http://www.raymarine.com
Datamarine - http://www.sea-dmi.com
Nexus Marine - http://www.nex-marine.com Horizon - http://acs.nv.net/marine
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Autopilots
Requires significant time to select, install andtune, dont leave this until last
Selection requires a lot of due diligence
May require professional installation Race Preparation:
Parameter tuning
Practice
Fuses
Spares!!
(see Autopilots insert)
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Autopilots
If you cant do it, they cant do it An autopilot can only steer a boat downwind if a
human can
Boat must be driveable and in good trim
If you want to carry a kite The pilot must be able to drive
You trim
Same if you fly a jib
Want an autopilot that can compensate for theeffects of surfing down waves Need to be able to compensate for change in AWA
Needs to know to drive down, but not jibe
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Autopilots
Small cockpit mounted pilots Relatively inexpensive, not especially waterproof
Low response time - on most boats, have real difficultysteering in rough weather or fast boat speeds
Ideal for occasional use in light to moderate conditions Not intended or recommended for the oceangoing boat
Under deck pilots - recommended More expensive than smaller cockpit-mounted pilots
Much more heavy duty, faster response time
Often need professional installation
Failure is most often caused by overstressing orgetting a unit too small for the boat
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Autopilots
Considerations:
Response speed/rate of turn
SC 70* 6 - 7 deg/sec
SC 50 8 - 9 deg/sec
Cal 40* 10 deg/sec
Moore 24* 20 deg/sec
See a trend here?
Extrapolate for your boat
* Stan Honeys favorite boats because they are the easy to steer downwind
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Autopilots
Considerations
Ability to steer to polars
B&G
Alpha Marine or W-H with Stan Honeys S/W
Ability to I/F to rate gyro
If you already have an autopilot, you may be able to add a gyro
KVH makes a good one
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Autopilots
Considerations:
Steering force
Depends on rudder size, boat speed and speed of turn
Measure on your boat using a scale (or, yuck, do the math)
Power consumption
Dependant on how pilot operates, not size of pilot!
I/F capability with instrumentation & computer
Make sure youre happy with user I/F, engage,disengage & dodge functions (not all physicallydisengage & can add friction when not in use)
Remote control
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Autopilots - Below Deck Drives
Mechanical/linear
OK if boat can be easily steered with a tiller
Translates rotary motion into highly geared linear motion inthe arm, essentially a much more powerful version of thecockpit tiller autopilot
Hydraulic/linear
A hydraulic pump drives the push rod
Constant running or reversing pump
Mechanical/rotary
Chains & gears
Dedicated Hydraulic
Linked into hydraulic steering systems
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Autopilots
Power Consumption
Based on:
Brand
Vessel size
Steering arrangement
Speed and frequency of corrections
Sea state
Should have the ability to chose the rate of responsebased on conditions
An autopilot can draw between 2 and 10 Amps perhour, so 24 hour use can add considerably to the totalonboard power consumption
Check power consumption on hydraulic pumps
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Autopilot Manufacturers
Course Master - http://www.coursemaster.com Used by all Australian finishers in the BOC Challenge since
1982
W-H Autopilots - http://www.whautopilots.com
B&G - http://www.bandg.co.uk
Alpha Marine - http://www.alphamarinesystems.com
Simrad/Robertson/Navico - http://www.simrad.com
Raymarine - http://www.raymarine.com
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SSB Now Reqd!
Emergency communication
Race position reporting
Accurate time signal
Ship to ship
Text messages - Email, SITOR, NAVTEX
(see Radio Definitions insert)
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SSB
Ship to shore
Marine radio telephone
AT&T pulled the plug
WLO is the only operational radio telephone service inthe U.S.
You mustmake advance arrangements
They can not make collect calls into California
You must pre-register with a credit card
http://www.wloradio.com/
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SSB vs HAM
Requires only a radiolicense easily obtainablefrom the FCC
Duplex or Simplexoperation
Can not transmit on HAMbands, except inemergency Can listen
Legal to discuss business Ordering parts, arranging atow or other privatebusiness
Requires a General ClassLicense
Simplex operation
More bands on which totransmit, can talk with other
HAM operators Can participate on Marine Nets
Illegal to discuss business
License Restructuring: Effective April 15, 2000, the
number of license classes droppedto 3. In addition, the new Morse
code proficiency test, which isrequired to hold either of the twohighest license classes, is set atfive words-per-minute.
http://www.arrl.org/hamradio.html
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SSB
Dont forget you need an FFC radio license!
Application forms in PDF are on the web,http://www.fcc.gov/formpage.html, you need form 506
Transmitting on frequencies other than permitted by your license isillegal
Good antenna (incl. Spare if you lose your rig), goodpower, good ground are critical
Race preparation: fuses, configure frequencies, get transmission schedules
See booklets on propagation, antennas, power &grounding, and frequencies
(see SSB Basics and SSB Frequencies insert)
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SSB Manufacturers
Icom America - http://www.icomamerica.com
Kenwood Communications Corp. -http://www.kenwood.net
Furono - http://www.furuno.com Raymarine - http://www.raymarine.com
Datamarine - http://www.sea-dmi.com
Si-Tex Marine Electronics - http://www.si-
tex.com
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Weather Fax
Equipment
Can use computer & S/W with demodulator ordedicated equipment
Dont want to have to baby-sit & worry about being in
front of the radio at the scheduled broadcast time
Images, Schedules & Users Guide
http://weather.noaa.gov/fax/ptreyes.shtml
SSB frequencies are assigned frequencies. To convertto carrier frequencies, subtract 1.9 khz from theassigned frequencies.
To learn more: http://www.hffax.de
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Weather Fax
Products SURFACE CHARTS
Analysis NE Pacific (Part 1) 20N-70N, 115W-175W
00Z Surface Chart, 06Z Surface Chart, 12Z Surface Chart, 18Z SurfaceChart,
Forecast 20N-70N, 115W-135E 24HR, 48HR & 96HR Surface Charts
UPPER AIR CHARTS (For Advanced Users)
500 MB Analysis Analysis 20N-70N, 115W-135E
00Z, 12Z
500MB Forecast 20N-70W, 115W-135E 48HR & 96HR
The further out the prediction, the less accuracy
(see Weather Fax insert)
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Weather Fax Manufacturers
S/W
Navcom Digital (formerly Coretex) 800-444-2581
Xaxero - http://www.xaxero.com
SSC HF Fax - http://www.waypoints.com/ssc.html OCENS WeatherStation 2000
Mscan Meteo Pro - http://www.mscan.com
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Weather Fax Manufacturers
Dedicated, stand-alone
Furuno - http://www.furuno.com
Will both control radio power (off/on) and tune radio
Datamarine - http://www.sea-dmi.com
Requires separate printer (but that also means that it usesnormal paper
SSB Integrated
Si-Tex Marine Electronics - http://www.si-tex.com
Has PC data port on their SSB
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Satellite Weather & Comms
Weather yachtSOFT.com - http://www.yachtsoft.com/ann8.htm
Xaxero - http://www.xaxero.com OCENS SeaStation 2000 SFWX -http://www.sfwx.com/softworks/prod01.htm#
http://www.saa.noaa.gov Email Orbcomm Magellan GSC 100
Phones Iridium not dead yet
Globalstar Contacts
Personal Satellite Network, Inc. - http://www.skyhelp.net Mobile Satellite Users Association (MSUA) -
http://www.msua.org
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Radars & Deflectors
Selecting A Radar System
Buy the biggest radar your budget and boat can support
Output power, beam width and display size all improve as yougo up in size
More features (such as two EBLs instead of one) and improvedplotting functions are usually included with larger units
While all sailors abhor weight and windage aloft, resistthe temptation to go for the smallest antenna you canfind
Larger scanners have a narrower horizontal beam width
(see Radar insert)
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Radars & Deflectors
Can see storms as well as traffic (wind hits first)
Alarm and adjustable guard zones
NMEA & Ethernet I/F
Mini Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (MARPA) Provides important anti-collision information like the target's
speed, bearing and range, closet point of approach and time tocloset point of approach. The information and targets can betransmitted to other equipment via NMEA
Race Preparation: Be sure its well tuned
Fuses
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Radars & Deflectors
A Radar reflector is required for the race
For radar to work effectively, a strong, repeatableradar return is required
Small vessels, especially those with non-metallic hulls,
often go UNDETECTED on radar because of the weakradar returns they produce
A cheap one is $20, a good one is $60, this is NOTthe place to save $40!! Your life could depend on
it. Mount it properly at least 6 high and rigidly in the
catch rain position - it makes a difference!
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Radars & Deflectors
Radars Furono - http://www.furuno.com
Raymarine - http://www.raymarine.com
Si-Tex Marine Electronics - http://www.si-tex.com Simrad/Robertson/Navico - http://www.simrad.com
Reflectors
Davis - http://www.davisnet.com
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Computers & S/W (& I/F to
Instrumentation) Autopilot control
Navigation & racing tools
Instrumentation display, graphing & calibration
Weather fax
Radar plot
Celestial sight reduction
Internet & email
(see Computers insert)
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Electronic Navigation/Charts
Vector Charts Database of navigational
information Buoy locations, soundings,
etc. Can create intelligent
Digital Nautical Charts(DNC), for example, canwarn of shallow watercoming
3-D bathymetry
NOAA using S-57 format
See Ocean Navigator
Article in Jan/Feb 2001issue
EC Weather Display Can download weather data
from Internet, email, orSSB which will display inanimated form on electronicchart
Nobletec RayTech
MapTech
The Capn
MaxSea
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Dedicated Computers
Weather proof PCs & Flat-screen displays Multi-function displays
On-board cams
Both B&G and Ockam makes a weatherproofcomputer that runs a special version of theirsoftware to be used on deck.
Autonav Marine Systems - http://www.autonav.com
Ocean PC - http://www.oceanpc.com
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Mfgrs:
Raymarine - http://www.raymarine.com
Nobeltec - http://www.nobeltec.com
Ockam - http://www.ockam.com
B&G Deckman - http://www.bngusa.com
The Captain - http://www.thecapn.com
Maxsea - http://www.maxsea.com
Maptech - http://www.maptech.com
CompuSail - http://www.compusail.com