GCE AS Travel and Tourism Glossary of terms
Access Being able to use facilities and enjoy attractions
Accessibility The easiness of reaching a place
Accommodation Assortment of places for tourists to stay in
Activity holidays Participating in energetic leisure pursuits as the basis of a holiday
Adventure tourism Physically challenging form of activity holiday
Airline Flight company which may be of the traditional or the 'no-frills' type
Air Miles Air travel loyalty scheme
All-inclusive Meals, drinks, entertainment and all other services included in price with accommodation and flight
Amenities Services used by the tourist within a facility
Ancillary services Optional extras to a package holiday
Après-ski Entertainment after a day's skiing
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Appeal Attractiveness which pulls visitors in to a destination
A O N B British area of scenic countryside
Attraction Natural or built feature which interests and draws in visitors
Availability Hours of opening or times when a service is provided
Balance of Payments Difference between a country's earnings and expenditure on trade
Bali bombings Terrorist attack on Indonesian holiday island in October 2002
Blue Badge Qualification for tour guiding
Blue Flag beaches Award given to area of biologically clean shoreline
Budget Airlines Cost-cutting airline selling seats at affordable prices
Business environment Background in which travel and tourism organisations operate
Business facilities Services and amenities used for commerce while away from normal workplace
Business travel Travelling to and being away from normal place of work while engaged on business
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Caribbean Central American region of tropical islands economically dependent on tourism
Catering facilities Places where tourists obtain food and drink
Chain of Distribution How travel and tourism product reaches the customer.
Channel Tunnel/ Eurotunnel Rail tunnel beneath the English Channel
Charter Flight booked by tour operator for package holidaymakers
Christmas markets Christmas-themed retail event held in weeks leading up to 25 December
City Break 2- or 3-day holiday in historic or other city with tourist appeal
Climate Average pattern of rainfall and temperature during the year
Climatic change Global weather changes brought about by the greenhouse effect
Commercial Where profit is the objective
Commercialised Spoiled by the activities and effects of making money.
Component Category of travel and tourism
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Conferences Large assembly of business people to attend presentations by speakers
Conflict Clash of interests
Consumer needs Requirements of the customer
Consumer organisations Independent bodies working to obtain services of a high standard for customers
Corporate event Occasion to entertain guests of a business company
Costas Coastal regions of Spain
Cruise Holiday at sea making journey between ports
Cultural change Loss of traditional lifestyle because of tourism's influence
Cultural Tourism Interest in the way of life and art of a country
Customer expectations What customers anticipate and will be satisfied with
Demographics Age, gender, and population structure
Demonstration effect Tourism's influence upon a host destination's attitudes and way of life
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Destinations Places that have appeal for tourists
Disability Temporary or long-term restriction in carrying out part of normal physical functions
Disposable income Amount of money available for personal expenditure
Diversification Producing more varied travel and tourism products
Domestic tourism UK residents taking holidays and making day trips within the UK
Drought Serious shortage of water after extended period of low rainfall
Early retirement Stopping work before normal retirement age of 60 or 65
Economic impacts Effects of travel and tourism upon jobs, income and wealth
Economies of Scale Savings gained because an organisation grows in size
Eco-tourism Holidays that allow visitors to experience areas in their true natural and cultural state
Educational tourism Participating in learning activities as basis of a holiday
En-route While in transit
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Emerging destinations Places where recent increases in tourism have been rapid
Employment see Indirect Employment
Enterprises Commercial organisations aiming to make a profit
Entertainment Evening activities for tourists
Environmental impacts Effects of travel and tourism upon physical condition of places
E.U. The European Union
European Directive on Package Travel Regulation in EU countries to guarantee holiday travel
Eurozone Parts of the EU with Euro as the unit of currency
Event Temporary activity, spectacle or entertainment arranged for a given place and time
Exclusive Not available to most tourists
Excursion Day visit to place of interest
Exchange rates Value of a country's currency expressed in terms of other currencies
External pressures Unforeseen, often uncontrollable, circumstances
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Facilities Places that provide for the needs of tourists
Factor Influence or controlling effect upon travel and tourism
Far East Increasingly popular long-haul destinations of south-east Asia
Fashions Changing styles and tastes in travel and tourism
Ferry Service transporting vehicles and passengers across water
Fly-cruise Holiday flying to the destination before joining a cruise ship
Fly-drive Holiday flying to the destination before hiring a car
Foot and Mouth disease Livestock disease
Franchise Right to use brand name of a well-known company and to sell its products
Gateway Point at which passengers enter a country
G.D.P. Measure of a country's wealth
Globalisation Transactions in goods and services carried out on a world scale
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Government Local, national or international (such as the UN or EU) authority
Health and Safety Laws to protect employees and customers at places of work
Health risks Threats to a tourist's fitness and wellbeing
Health resort Destination specialising in physical restoration of the body
Heritage Legacy from the past
Historic destination Town, building, stately home, monument or other site of historic interest
Holiday Centres Purpose-built, predominantly self-catering accommodation sites
Host community Local inhabitants of a tourist destination
Hurricane Severe weather event with very strong winds
I A T A Society representing companies in the airline business
Impacts of Tourism Consequences, both harmful and beneficial
Inbound Tourism Number of overseas residents coming in to a country for tourism
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Inclusive Tour see 'Package Tour'
Independent travel Self-researched and self-booked travel arrangements
Indirect and induced employment Extra jobs that are the knock-on effects of tourism
Industrial heritage Remains of the country's manufacturing and mining past
Information services Key marketing activity making customers aware of products
Infrastructure Network of essential services needed for travel and tourism
Intangible Cannot be touched or seen
Internal pressure Factors within a country that affect the success of tourism
Internet Electronic media with huge impact on travel and tourism industry
Invisible trade International selling of intangible services like tourism
Island hopping Visiting different islands in quick succession, as on a cruise
Last Minute Delaying booking a holiday in the hope that prices will fall
Leisure Time Time available for leisure pursuits including holidays
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Location Geographical position
London bombings Terrorist attacks on London transport system on 7 July 2005
Long-haul More than five hours' flying time from the UK
Low season Months when tourism is at a minimum
Market Share Percentage of total sales taken by one organisation
Mass Tourism Leisure travel by large numbers of people making standardised trips
Media Method by which Information is communicated to the public
Medical Tourism Travelling to places abroad to obtain medical care
Mediterranean Southern European coastline and inland waters
Multinationals Major commercial firms that operate in more than one country
Multiples Travel agency companies with branches on high streets of almost every town in UK
Multiplier How money spent on tourism brings about increased spending in other sectors of the economy
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National Parks Twelve protected landscape regions of England and Wales
National Tourist Boards Government-funded marketing organisations to increase inbound tourism
National Trails Long distance, off-road routeways for walking, cycling and horse riding through the countryside of Britain
National Trust Registered charity safeguarding the nation's countryside, coastline and heritage
Natural attractions Landscape features - not created by people - which appeal to tourists
Natural disasters Major destructive events caused by weather, earth movements, etc
Negative impacts Adverse consequences of travel and tourism
Non-standardised Specially-made travel and tourism services meeting one-off requests
Occupancy Rate Percentage of rooms or seats that are occupied over a measured time period
Oil Fuel source for air, rail, road and ferry travel
On-line booking Using the Internet to reserve a plane seat or hotel room in advance
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Outbound Tourism UK residents taking holidays, making business trips or visiting friends and relations outside the UK
Overheads Fixed expenses of a business
Package Tour Elements of a holiday, at least the journey and accommodation, pre-arranged by a tour operator
Paid holiday entitlement Right to take a number of days as holiday with pay
Park and Ride Traffic reduction scheme particularly used by historic towns
Partnership Joint project between the private and non-commercial sectors to develop tourism
Passenger miles Way of measuring amounts of travel
Perishable Cannot be kept back for later use
Planning How national and local authorities manage the growth of travel & tourism
Political Factors Government policy having an influential effect upon travel & tourism
Port Harbour where ferries and pleasure boats can berth
Positive impacts Favourable consequences of travel and tourism.
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Pressure Group Faction seeking to influence public opinion and persuade the government of its own ideas
Pressures see "External Pressures"
Primary research Obtaining information which is being gathered for the first time
Principals Transport organisations
Private sector Commercial organisations that operate in order to make a profit
Product What a travel and tourism organisation offers and sells to its customers
Product launch Marketing exercise to make customers aware and keen to buy a tourism product
Promotional campaign Coordinated plan built around a theme to alert customers and make them interested in a purchase
Public sector Organisation administered by public bodies and governments, and funded through taxation
Purpose-built resort Destination created from scratch purely for the intention of tourism
Recession Period of time when a country's economic output and consumer spending falls
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Regeneration Putting life back into the local economy
Regional Airport Small-scale airport that serves only one part of a country
Religious Tourism Seeking spiritual experience from visiting a sacred place; but also tourist interest in the culture of places
Rep Overseas representative of a tour operator company
Repeat customer Client returning to an organisation to buy its products again
Resort Town, city or other type of destination, which tourists primarily visit for its attractions
Responsible tourism Bringing under self-control the actions of tourists and businesses
Revenue The income that is earned by a travel and tourism organisation
Rural Countryside environment where outdoors recreational tourism occurs
Safari A guided tour with the objective of finding animals
S A R S Illness (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
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Scale Visitor numbers, amount of employment and wealth created by tourism
Seaside resort Coastal holiday town
Seasonality Effect of fluctuating demand on patterns of tourism during the year
Secondary source Finding and analysing data that has already been gathered before
Sectors Alternative term for components of the travel and tourism industry
Security Measures to protect tourists from harm inflicted by other people
Self-packaging Making own travel arrangements for a holiday
September 11 Terrorist outrage
Short break Small holiday lasting more than one day but less than a week
Short-haul Less than five hours' flying time from the UK
Shoulder season Period of medium demand on either side of the peak holiday season
Skiing Most popular of all winter sports
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Social impacts Effects of travel and tourism upon people's lives
Socio-economic factor Influence or controlling effect upon travel and tourism
Special interest holiday Holiday where time is spent on a particular leisure interest
Spend The amount of money the average visitor pays out on holiday
Sports tourism Spectating or playing sports as the main holiday activity
Stakeholder Group or individual affected by the actions of a travel or tourism organisation
Standardised product Tourism product which is the same for every customer
StarUK Website offering research information on UK tourism
Sustainability Maintaining a used tourist place in good condition to prolong its present characteristics
Tailor-made holiday Personalised tour programming to meet customer's specific requirements
Technological factor Scientific development having influence upon travel & tourism
Terminal Start / end point of a public transport system
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Theme Park Large, permanent outdoor attraction with entertaining diversions
Ticketless without issuing a voucher giving right to travel
Timeshare Right to occupy holiday property bought for only a stated period in the year
Time zones Large regions over which the clock time is everywhere the same
Topography Shape of the land surface
Tour Holiday or visit following a scheduled itinerary
Tour Operator Private sector company that organises inclusive tours
Tourism Activities of people travelling to and staying in places outside their usual home
Tourism Development Process of change in a tourist destination
Tourism for All Voluntary organisation lobbying on behalf of people with disabilities
Tourism Society Professional body for people studying or working in tourism
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Tourist Person who travels to a destination spending at least one night away from home
Tourist-generating area Region that tourists come from
Tourist-receiving area Region that tourists visit
Tourist Board Public sector organisation promoting tourism and supporting local providers
Tourist Information Centre Point of contact to guide tourists about local provision
Trade Show Exhibition of products open to other business in the tourism industry
Traditional airline National airlines or 'majors'
Transfer Journey to link parts of the package tour
Transport Links Connections between routeways and different modes
Travel agency High street retailer selling travel and tourism products & services
Travel Foundation Independent U.K. charity lobbying the outbound travel industry to manage tourism more sustainably
Travel Guide Published book describing travel destinations
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Travel time The duration of a journey
Tsunami Huge wave which killed a quarter of a million people on Boxing Day 2004
Two centre holiday Staying at two contrasting destinations during the time away
Upmarket Class of customers especially welcome because they spend more
VisitBritain Tourist board promoting Britain as a tourist destination to overseas and domestic markets
Visiting Friends and Relations Tourist trip staying with friends or relatives rather than in tourist accommodation
Visitor Centre Information source located at an attraction to enhance the visitor's stay
Visitor numbers The number of visitors to a destination over a period of time
Voluntary sector Non-government organisations not primarily aiming to make a profit
Winter Sports Physical activities depending on snow or ice conditions
Winter Sun Mediterranean or long-haul holiday taken between November and April
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World Heritage Site Historic, cultural or natural feature of global importance
World Tourism Organisation Agency of the United Nations promoting responsible tourism
World Travel & Tourism Council World forum promoting the interests of travel and tourism businesses
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Glossary of instructions used in AS examination questions
Analyse Break down into its separate parts, going on to make connections between those parts.
Annotate Add notes to a diagram or picture.
Assess Make your own judgement about a feature, by measuring its worth.
Comment on Write about a feature, deciding for yourself what are the important aspects to write about.
Compare Give both similarities and differences between two items
Define / explain the term Write a sentence to show the meaning of a term.
Describe Write what an item is like.
Discuss Look at both sides of an issue or problem, considering different viewpoints.
Evaluate Weigh up the strengths and weaknesses or the advantages and disadvantages.
Explain Make clear, usually giving the reasons why something happens.
Explain how Break down a process into simpler steps.
Identify Look through and pick out particular items.
Illustrate Give an example or examples of an item to make your meaning clearer.
Justify Give reasons that show why something is correct or support a choice you made.
List Write one-by-one a number of the features asked for.
Outline Write about a feature so that you give a simple picture of only its main points.
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Name Write a single word by which a feature is called.
Produce Create or make.
Recommend Decide which in your opinion is the best or most suitable from a list of alternatives.
Refer to Include in your answer.
State Write carefully so that the exact feature stands out.
Suggest Give your own ideas, when there are a number of possible correct answers.
Summarise Write a brief overview that runs through the main points,
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