T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
UNECE Regulation No 117
Testing method for measuring the wet grip index of C1 tyres
Proposed amendments
Ref ECE/TRANS/WP29GRRF/2011/12
Informal document GRRF-69-23
GRRF 71st session
Sep.13-15, 2011
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Informal document No. GRRF-71-10
(71st GRRF, 13-15 September 2011
agenda item 6(d))
T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
Design of Experiment
• One Round Robin Test performed in three sessions at different temperature to cover the full range.
• Participation: 8 companies.
• Testing surfaces: 9
• Tyre sizes: 9 (5 Normal and 4 Snow tyres)
• Test method: vehicle and trailer.
Background
When EC decided to introduce an EU regulation for tyre wet grip labelling, the tyre industry checked if the
existing test method designed for Type Approval was suitable for that purpose.
The assessment made by tyre industry highlighted a too wide dispersion of the test results to comply with the
requirements of labeling scheme (bandwidth of 15%).
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Tyre Industry requests to amend R.117.02 by adopting the same test method for wet grip (C1
tyre category) as the one used for labeling purpose.
More than 300 tests over more than 10 testing surfaces have been performed by the industry to verify the new testing conditions
T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
ROUND ROBIN TESTS - NORMAL TYRES (YEAR 2008)
TYRE SIZE 205/55 R 16 225/45 R 17 205/55 R 16 195/65 R 15 225/45 R17
BRAND NAME BRIDGESTONE CONTINENTAL MICHELIN VREDESTEIN COOPER
ROUND ROBIN TESTS - SNOW TYRES (YEAR 2008)
TYRE SIZE 205/55 R 16 205/55 R 16 205/55 R 16 205/55 R 16
BRAND NAME CONTINENTAL MICHELIN GOODYEAR BRIDGESTONE
SRTT TYRE SIZE P195/75 R 14 P225/60 R16
ASTM E 1136 F 2493 – 08
UNECE R117 vs. R1222/2009 GRADING - WET GRIP TEST PROCEDURES
The selection of the test tyres sizes was according to the most representative tyres in their
respective product segments.
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T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
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Testing Tracks Location
T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
Wet grip index before adjustment Temp adjustment Surface friction adjustment
SRTT16
Test tyreTest tyre
Adjusted index
Temperature during the testReference temp
SRTT16
SRTT16 at reference condition
(average condition)
Concept of the new test method
1. Use SRTT16 (Index of SRTT16 = 125)
2. Temperature adjustment and Surface Friction adjustment
3. Reference test conditions.
Explanations of the above three points are given in the following slides.
Temp adjustment factor
Surface friction adjustment factor
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T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
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• 2008 ETRTO Round Robin Test
ASTM 16" related to SRTT 14"
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
18 Test conditions (7 sites, Temperature from 5 to 32 °C, Vehicle & Trailer)
WG
I (R
ef :
SR
TT
14"
)
Avg = 125
Wet grip index before adjustment Temp adjustment Surface friction adjustment
SRTT16
Test tyreTest tyre
Adjusted index
Temperature during the test
Reference temp
SRTT16
SRTT16 at reference
condition
(average condition)
1. Use SRTT16 (Index of SRTT16 = 125)
T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
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Uniroyal Tiger Paw195/75 R 14SRRT E1136
Uniroyal Tiger Paw225/60 R 16ASTM F2493’08
1. Use SRTT16 (Index of SRTT16 = 125)
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T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
• The test results variability of current wet grip test method in R117.02 is mainly due to the high diversity of the sensitivity behavior of the tyres to Track grip and Temperature parameters.
• These different sensitivities can be explained by the choice of proper tyre design criteria addressed to different conditions of use. That is the reason why, different treatments for snow and normal tyres are applied.
• For both normal and snow tyre the concept of temperature and friction ADJUSTMENT is introduced, (a and b coefficient) being representative of average variation of snow and summer categories.
2. Temperature adjustment and Surface friction adjustment
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T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
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Temperature behavior of normal and snow tyres are different. Average slope of round robin tyres for both groups leading to adjustment factors a (see chart 6):-0,4232 (normal) and 0,7721 (snow)
For this reason the “a” factor is different for Normal and Snow tyres
normal tyres
snow tyres
Temperature [°C]
Temperature [°C]
Per
form
ance
vs.
AS
TM
[%]
Per
form
ance
vs.
AS
TM
[%]
2 a. Temperature adjustment and Surface friction adjustment
T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
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normal tyres
snow tyres
Per
form
ance
vs.
AS
TM
[%]
Per
form
ance
vs.
AS
TM
[%]
µ ASTM / 0,68 [ ]
µ ASTM / 0,68 [ ]
Surface friction behavior of normal and snow tyres are different. Average slope of round robin tyres for both groups leading to adjustment factors b (see chart 6):-8,297 (normal) and +31,18 (snow)
For this reason the “b” factor is different for Normal and Snow tyres
2 b. Temperature adjustment and Surface friction adjustment
T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
3. Reference test conditions
•Temperature normalization
20 ºC for Normal tyres as middle of the range 5- 35 ºC.
10 ºC for Snow tyres as middle of the range 2-20 ºC
Note: reference temperature of 20 ºC for snow tyre is not appropriate for service
conditions and therefore the test temperature range had to be changed from 5- 35
ºC to 2-20 ºC.
• Surface normalization
0.70 which is the middle of the μ range 0.60- 0.80 (SRTT 14 μ) corresponding to
BPN=51 which is the middle of the BPN range 42-60
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T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
Test Results from the Round Robin Test 2008-2009
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142130
139134
140146
152151
146154
142139143
80 100 120 140 160
Track 1 - HotTrack 2 - MidTrack 3 - HotTrack 4 - HotTrack 5 - MidTrack 6 - HotTrack 7 - HotTrack 8 - HotTrack 9 - HotTrack 3 - ColdTrack 7 - ColdTrack 1 - ColdTrack 9 - Cold
135121
138124
141141
145147
142150
144131
138
80 100 120 140 160
Track 1 - HotTrack 2 - MidTrack 3 - HotTrack 4 - HotTrack 5 - MidTrack 6 - HotTrack 7 - HotTrack 8 - HotTrack 9 - HotTrack 3 - ColdTrack 7 - ColdTrack 1 - ColdTrack 9 - Cold
126116
126118119
129130131
120134
122124122
80 100 120 140 160
Track 1 - HotTrack 2 - MidTrack 3 - HotTrack 4 - HotTrack 5 - MidTrack 6 - HotTrack 7 - HotTrack 8 - HotTrack 9 - HotTrack 3 - ColdTrack 7 - ColdTrack 1 - ColdTrack 9 - Cold
138138141
140145
136146
141152
147140141139
80 100 120 140 160
Track 1 - HotTrack 2 - MidTrack 3 - HotTrack 4 - HotTrack 5 - MidTrack 6 - HotTrack 7 - HotTrack 8 - HotTrack 9 - HotTrack 3 - ColdTrack 7 - ColdTrack 1 - ColdTrack 9 - Cold
135134
142143
149137139
131144
128139
127132
80 100 120 140 160
Track 1 - HotTrack 2 - MidTrack 3 - HotTrack 4 - HotTrack 5 - MidTrack 6 - HotTrack 7 - HotTrack 8 - HotTrack 9 - HotTrack 3 - ColdTrack 7 - ColdTrack 1 - ColdTrack 9 - Cold
120126
120128126
122125
120122122
127122122
80 100 120 140 160
Track 1 - HotTrack 2 - MidTrack 3 - HotTrack 4 - HotTrack 5 - MidTrack 6 - HotTrack 7 - HotTrack 8 - HotTrack 9 - HotTrack 3 - ColdTrack 7 - ColdTrack 1 - ColdTrack 9 - Cold
Avg / Std
143 / 7.1%
Avg / Std
138 / 8.6%
Avg / Std
124 / 5.5%
Avg / Std
123 / 2.8%
Avg / Std
142 / 4.3%
Avg / Std
137 / 6.7%
New test method allows to reduce significantly Standard Deviation
New test method allows to reduce significantly Standard Deviation
-2.8%
40%
-1.9%
22%
-2.7%
50%
Normal tyre
1Normal tyre
2Normal tyre
3New test method applicationR117 test method application
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T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
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Std
7.1%
Std
8.6%
Std
5.5%Std
2.8%
Std
4.3%
Std
6.7%
New test method allows to reduce significantly Stan dard DeviationNew test method allows to reduce significantly Stan dard Deviation
-2.8%
40%
-1.9%
22%
-2.7%
50%
Normal tyre1
Normal tyre2
Normal tyre3
New test method applicationR117 test method application
Tested on 9 different tracks
Temperature range from cold to hot
Current R117
Test method
for Wet grip grading
Test Results from the Round Robin Test 2008-2009
T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
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133
121
134
137
121
119
135
80 100 120 140 160
Track 1
Track 2
Track 3
Track 4
Track 5
Track 6
Track 7
137
122
136
139
124
123
137
80 100 120 140 160
Track 1
Track 2
Track 3
Track 4
Track 5
Track 6
Track 7
123
115
120
134
121
118
130
80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Track 1
Track 2
Track 3
Track 4
Track 5
Track 6
Track 7
Avg / Std
132 / 11.9%
Avg / Std
135 / 13.1%
Avg / Std
124 / 7.3%
Avg / Std
127 / 4.9%
Avg / Std
134 / 6.8%
Avg / Std
137 / 8.6%
-5.1%
43%
-4.5%
34%
-2.4%
33%
Snow tyre 1
Snow tyre 2
Snow tyre 3
New test method applicationR117 test method application
136
127
126
136
132
132
133
80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Track 1
Track 2
Track 3
Track 4
Track 5
Track 6
Track 7
133
130
128
138
136
134
138
80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Track 1
Track 2
Track 3
Track 4
Track 5
Track 6
Track 7
131
129
123
134
124
122
120
80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Track 1
Track 2
Track 3
Track 4
Track 5
Track 6
Track 7
Test Results from the Round Robin Test 2008-2009New test method allows to reduce significantly
Standard Deviation
New test method allows to reduce significantly
Standard Deviation
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T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
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Std
11.9%
Std
13.1%
Std
7.3%Std
4.9%
Std
6.8%
Std
8.6%
-5.1%
43%
-4.5%
34%
-2.4%
33%
Snow tyre 1
Snow tyre 2
Snow tyre 3
New test method applicationR117 test method application
Tested on 9 different tracks
Temperature range from cold to hot
New test method allows to reduce significantly Standard DeviationNew test method allows to reduce significantly Standard Deviation
Current R117
Test method
for Wet grip grading
Test Results from the Round Robin Test 2008-2009
T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
Summary
Improvement Action Current Reg117 Test Method for WetGrip Grading Test Method for WetG rip Grading
Quality Target Item not covered Weighted standard dev iation<=5% Weighted standard deviation<=5%
Reference Tire SRTT14 ASTM 16=125% ASTM 16=125%
Differentiate Normal/Snowgrading scheme
not mentioned No No
Differentiate Normal/Snowtesting conditions not mentioned Yes Yes
Wet surfaceTemperature Range
5-35 °C 5-35 °C 2-20 °C
AmbientTemperature Range
not mentioned 5-35 °C close to water temp(10°C max. difference)
2-20°C close to water temp(10°C max. difference)
BPN Range 40-60 as Reg117 for skid trailer mu (0.6-0.8)corresponding BPN range 42-60
as Reg117 for skid trailer mu (0.6-0.8)BPN range 42-60
Correction Factor introduction for Wet Grip Index
(Friction and Temperature)not mentioned Yes Both different between
normal & snow tyresYes Both different between
normal & snow tyres
Reference conditions not mentionedfor vehicle (20°C, 0.68 mfdd)for trailer (20°C, 0.85 pbfc)
for vehicle (10°C, 0.68 mfdd)for trailer (10°C, 0.85 pbfc)
Pros(by column)
reliable forhomologation
the method is valid for bothnormal & snow tyres
the method is valid for bothnormal & snow tyres
Normal tyres Snow tyres
BPN= British pendulum Number mfdd= mean fully developed deceleration pbfc= peack braking force coefficient
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T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
• Reduces the test results dispersion.
• Introduces an SRTT Rim code 16 that fits better on the current vehicle mountings (size much closer to current tyre sizes). This reduces the need to use an intermediate control tyre.
• Cost saving: CoP test results can be used for market surveillance in the frame of tyre labelling.
• Cost reduction for Tyre Industry due to adoption of a single test method.
Current R117
New Test method
Conclusion
Advantages of a single wet grip test method (C1 tyre category):
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T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
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Annex
T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
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80km/h � 20km/h Deceleration G
Water film 0.5-1.5mm
Basic concept of R117 and new Test method
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T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
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Test position
Modified truck (on the center of floor, we can add additional tyre axle which the test tyre will be attached.)
tyre test vehicle
65 km/h Peak Braking Force Coefficient
Water film 0.5-1.5mm
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T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
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Test position
Test positionOnly this tyre is under brake
Tow vehicle and trailer
Tow vehicle
trailer
Test tyre
Provided by Continental
65 km/h Peak Braking Force Coefficient
Water film 0.5-1.5mm
T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
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BPN measurement
Rubber piece
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T h e E u r o p e a n T y r e a n d R i m T e c h n i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n
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End