Unit 5: Ionic Bonding
3s2 3p6
2s2
18-argon (Ar)
17-chlorine (Cl)
2s1
10-neon (Ne)
9-fluorine (F)
Valence Electrons:•e–’s in highest energy
level
11-sodium (Na)
3-lithium (Li)
4-beryllium (Be)
12-magnesium (Mg)
3s1 3s2 3s2 3p5
2s2 2p5 2s2 2p6
Group # =
Valence #•determine chemical properties
•involved in bonding
SNa Al Ar
Lewis dot diagram:valence e–’s as dots
Mg ClPSi
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
The Octet Rule• atoms form bonds to
have 8 valence e–
• full outer level• like noble gases
Ne
lose e–’s gain e–’s
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Metals form (+) ions:e–’s lost for octetpositive cations
Nonmetals form (–) ions:e–’s gained for octetnegative anions
Ions
Group 1 1+ charged ions
Mg
Na
[Mg]2+
[Na]+
Group 22+ charged ions
Al [Al]3+
Group 3A3+ charged ions
1+ 2+ 3+
Group 6A 2– charged ions
Group 5A 3– charged ions
Group 7A 1– charged ions
F F
O O
N N
–
2–
3–
anions names end in -ide
AlCl3
Cl–[Na]+Lewis dot
diagrams
1+ 2+ 3+ 3– 2– 1–
charges vary but
always
+
transitionmetals
Write the names and symbols for the following ions: (remember the charges)
1. Iodine gains __ e– to form ____
2. Calcium loses __ e– to form ____
3. Sulfur ______ __ e– to form ____
4. Potassium ______ __ e– to form ____
1 I–
2 Ca2+
2 S2–gains
1 K+loses
1. How does oxygen display the octet rule when forming an ion?
A. loses 2 e–’s for a –2 charged anion
B. loses 6 e–’s for a +6 charged cation
C. gains 2 e–’s for a –2 charged anion
D. gains 2 e–’s for a +2 charged cation
Quick Quiz!
2. Atoms that tend to gain a noble gas electron configuration by losing valence electrons are…
A. metals
B. nonmetals
C. halogens
D. anions
Quick Quiz.
3. When a bromine atom forms an anion, it does so by…
A. losing two electrons.
B. gaining two electrons.
C. losing one electron.
D. gaining one electron
Quick Quiz.
4. Write the name and the symbol of the ion formed from a nitrogen atom.
A. nitrogen ion, N3+
B. nitride, N–
C. nitride, N3–
D. nitrogen ion, N5–
Quick Quiz.