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UNIT 8
by 5A group
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Outline
Likely or probable result
Hypothetical result
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Likely or probable result
Definite statement :
If zinc is placed in dilute hydrochloricacid, hydrogen will be evolved.
Stretching a material beyond its elasticlimit will produce a permanent
deformation of the material.
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Likely or probable result
Undefinite statement:
If the hydrogen is ignited, it is likely toexplode.
If the hydrogen is ignited, it will probablyexplode.
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Likely or probable result
pump
air under pressure
If the pressure is not reduced, the cylinder is
likely to fracture.
We can therefore state:The cylinder is likely to fracture unless the
pressure is reduced.
cylinder
air
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Likely or probable result
1. The wire is likely to melt unless the
current is reduced
2. The cylinder is likely to explode unless
the gas pressure is reduced
3. The liquid is likely to boil unless the heat
is reduced
4. The metal wire is likely to deform unless
the force is reduced
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Likely or probable result
Sometimes a certain results will only occur if
there are certain conditions.
It will only freeze if the temperature is low
enough.
We therefore state:Water will freeze provided it is cooled to a
low enough temperature.
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Likely or probable result
1. Steel will stretch provided it is subjected to a
high enough tensile force
2. Oxygen will freeze provided it is cooled to a low
enough temperature3. Helium will liquefy provided it is subjected to a
high enough pressure
4. Rubber will melt provided it is heated to a highenough temperature
5. Sulfur will vaporize provided it is heated to a
high enough temperature
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Likely or probable result
When a current is passed through a wire,
the wire becomes hot.
We can therefore state:
When a current is passed through a wire,there will be a significant heating effect
provided the current is large enough.
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Likely or probable result
1. When a metal bar is stretched, there will
be a significant extension effect provided
the force is large enough.
2. When carbon dioxide is cooled, there will
be a significant solidify effect provided the
temperature is low enough.
3. When copper is heated, there will be a
significant melting effect provided the
temperature is high enough
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Likely or probable result
4. When salt is placed in water, there will be
a significant dissolving effect provided the
water is warm enough.
5. When helium is compressed, there will be
a significant liquidize effect provided the
pressure is high enough.
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Likely or probable result
If we are certain that it will happen:
Q: if I drop this glass, will it break?
A: Yes, it will.
When we arent certain that it will happen:
Q: if this bulb is connected to the battery, willit light up?
A: Yes, itough t to/shou ld do.
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Likely or probable result
Example:
Will this piece of aluminium reflect heat?Yes, it ought to/should do. Provided its
clean
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Hypothetical result
Sometimes we want to emphasize the fact
that we are not really going to perform an
action.
For example:
If I threw a stone at the window, it wouldbreak.
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Hypothetical result
Q: What would happen if I threw a stone at
the window?A: It would break.
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Hypothetical result
1. Q: What would happen if I heat this piece
of aluminium at 1,800 oC?
A: It would melt.
2. Q: What would happen if I place this zinc
to the dilute hydrochloric acid?A: the zinc would react with acid.
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Hypothetical result
3. Q: What would happen if I stretch this
copper wire beyond its elastic limit?
A: It would undergo permanentdeformation.
4. Q: What would happen if I hold some
glass and wood together to the flame?A: The glass would melt and the wood
would burn.
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Hypothetical result
threw this stone at
the window?
bent this ruler?
stood on this pieceWhat would happen if I of chalk?
lit this piece of pa-
per?
stretched this pie-of elastic?
You can reply: The ... Would ... or It would ...
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Hypothetical result
If I placed pieces of zinc in dilute
hydrochloric acid they would react with the
acid.
We would state:
If pieces of zinc were placed in dilutehydrochloric acid they would react with the
acid.
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Hypothetical result
We sometimes want to say what we think is
likely to happen in a hypothetical situation.
We state:
If too high a current were passed through a
wire, the wire would probably melt.
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Hypothetical result
1. What do you think would happen if the
cylinder of hydrogen heated?
It would probably explode.
2. What do you think would happen if a salt
added to the water?It would probably dissolve.
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Hypothetical result
3. What do you think would happen if this
thin copper wire subjected to high tensile
force?
It would probably undergo permanent
deformation.
4. What do you think would happen if piece
of glass heated and then cooled quickly?
It would probably break.
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Hypothetical result
5. What do you think would happen if
carbon dioxide poured over fire?
It would probably form a CO2.
6. What do you think would happen if bar of
steel bent with extremely large force?
It would probably fracture.
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Hypothetical result
7. What do you think would happen if too
high current were passed through a coil?
The coil would probably to melt.
8. What do you think would happen if a
piece of wood heated to a high
temperature?
It would probably to catch light.
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Hypothetical result
The word because is followed by a sentence
and the combination due to is followed by a
noun:
I bought this bookbecauseI wanted tolearn more about computers.
Ine's failure was due toher poor studyhabits.
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Hypothetical result
As a result of refers to what happens
afterward. For example:
As a resul t ofmy going into the basement, I
am now deathly afraid of spiders.
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Hypothetical result
because
The reason is very important in the
sentence, so because comes in the second
clause of the sentence.Example: I read this bookbecauseI like it.
asThe reason is already known.
Example: Aswe read, we learn.
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Hypothetical result
since
The reason is already known.
Example:
(more formal than as) Sincewe were in thecomputer lab, our English has improved.
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Hypothetical result
Inverted tube
Liquid (mercury)
trough
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Hypothetical result
Statements with would:Adding zinc to an explosion.
hydrochloric acid
Igniting a cylinder cause corrotion.
of hydrogen result in
would
Immersing iron in bring an extension.
Water about
Pulling copper a chemical reaction.
wire hard enough
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