Unit Plan 2: The Whole Genome Each unit is complete with the corresponding slides found in the main Genetic Engineering PowerPoint. Teachers have the liberty to cover the material on an as-needed basis based on alignment with class curriculum.
Estimated Time Materials 2-3 class periods PowerPoint, printable worksheets of choice from
the following lesson plan
Assessment Options
1. Choose any of the included activities or projects as assessments.
Vocabulary
Genomics, agri-genomics, DNA fingerprinting, DNA Profiling, PCR, Next Generation Sequencing
Objectives 1. Define the term genomics (Remember) 2. Differentiate between DNA fingerprinting and DNA profiling by explaining how each can be used
in agriculture (Analyze) 3. Explain the function of restriction enzymes (Apply) 4. Summarize gel electrophoresis and how the gel is interpreted (Understanding) 5. Explain the function of PCR and how it is used in genetic engineering (Apply)
Standards and strands Agricultural Science 1
• Strand 4, Standard 4, Identify and discuss the contents of a genome. Agriculture Science 3
• Strand 5, Standard 1, Compare and contrast the structures and functions of DNA and RNA, Demonstrate the isolation of DNA
• Strand 5, Standard 2, Explain electrophoretic techniques, and interpret electrophoresis fragmentation patterns.
Objectives Curriculum and Instruction: Content Teaching Method 1. Define the term
genomics (Remember)
Genomics
The study of the genome which typically involves
sequencing the genome and identifying genes and their
functions
"Appendix G: Glossary." National Academies of Sciences,
Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects. Washington, DC: The
National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23395.
Agricultural genomics, or Agrigenomics:
1. The Whole Genome
a. The study of genomes, complete DNA sets,
is called Genomics.
b. 4000 species genomes have been published
as of 2015, with progress being made on
tens of thousands of others.
c. Organism, number of genes, year
completed diagram of sequencing
genomes.
For greater depth, consider the following lesson plan on
Marker Assisted Selection:
http://www.biotech.iastate.edu/wp_single/wp-
content/uploads/2013/07/ModuleIIP1.pdf
Additional information for the following found at Khan
Academy AP Biology – DNA analysis methods:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/ap-
biotech-dna-technology/ap-dna-sequencing-pcr-
electrophoresis/v/the-polymerase-chain-reaction-pcr
2. Differentiate between
DNA fingerprinting
and DNA profiling by
explaining how each
can be used in
agriculture (Analyze)
2. DNA Fingerprinting
a. DNA Fingerprinting is also known as DNA
profiling
b. Like fingerprints are unique to each person,
DNA is unique to the person it belongs to,
meaning it is traceable.
c.
• Venn Diagram
o Consider having students create a Venn
diagram to compare and contrast DNA
fingerprinting and DNA profiling.
d.
i. Diagram:
https://www.yourgenome.org/fact
s/what-is-a-dna-fingerprint
3. DNA Profiling
a.
i. Diagram:
https://www.yourgenome.org/fact
s/what-is-a-dna-fingerprint
Marker-assisted selection
The use of DNA sequences to determine which plants or
organisms have particular version (allele) of existing genes.
Markers do not become part of the plant’s genome
"Appendix G: Glossary." National Academies of Sciences,
Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects. Washington, DC: The
National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23395.
b. DNA Fingerprinting vs DNA Profiling
i. Text resource:
https://www.yourgenome.org/fact
s/what-is-a-dna-fingerprint
4. Explain the function of
restriction enzymes
(Apply)
1. Restriction Enzymes
a. Restriction enzymes cut DNA into
restriction fragments. For example, if the
same restriction enzyme is used on
different DNA samples, if they are cut at
the same place that means they have the
same sequence and they match.
b. Gel electrophoresis is used to separate
restriction fragments based on size using
an electrical charge. Can be used on
macromolecules typically proteins or
nucleic acids.
c.
d.
i. Diagram Source:
https://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/8
5. Summarize gel
electrophoresis and
how the gel is
interpreted
(Understanding)
1. Gel Electrophoresis
a. The fragments are identifiable based on the
bands created in the gel, shorter fragments
move further through the gel and the
longer fragments move a shorter distance.
b. Agarose gel is used. It has pores and
electricity causes the negatively charged
DNA to more toward the positive electrical
end of the plate.
c. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDZU
AleWX78
d.
e.
i. Diagram Source:
https://www.yourgenome.org/fact
s/what-is-gel-electrophoresis
Gel Electrophoresis Video Guides
f. Lesson 1: Collection of a DNA Sample
i. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uv
yv9STONSY
g. Lesson 2: PCR Amplification
i. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JK
Uo4QV7emo&t=2s
h. Lesson 3: Gel Electrophoresis of Amplified PCR
Samples
i. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjJ
56z1HeAc
Gel Electrophoresis Virtual Labs
i. DNA Extraction
i. https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content
/labs/extraction/
j. Gel Electrophoresis
i. https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content
/labs/gel/
k. PCR
i. https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content
/labs/pcr/
6. Explain the function of
PCR and how it is used
in genetic engineering
(Apply)
2. Polymerase Chain Reaction
a. Techniques include the PCR, Polymerase
Chain Reaction, which can copy segments
of DNA for analysis, from blood or other
tissue.
b. The Evolution of PCR
Consider completing the following Polymerase Chain
Reaction Activity (PCR) by Alexandra Romero, Gorton
High School:
http://www.scienceteacherprogram.org/biology/Romero
06.html
i. Polymerase from Yellowstone
National Park?
ii. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=kjJ56z1HeAc (6 min 51 sec)
c.
d.
i. Diagram Source:
https://www.yourgenome.org/fact
s/what-is-pcr-polymerase-chain-
reaction
Additional activities based on agricultural topic: General From Mendel to Markers
http://www.biotech.iastate.edu/from-mendel-to-markers/ Genome Data Viewer
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/gdv/?org=ovis-aries • How to use: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPSq0VfU19c • Webinar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBcIaYc_ddE
Animal Science
-
Plant Science
Plant & Soil Sciences e Library – Overview of Plant Genetic Engineering http://passel.unl.edu/pages/informationmodule.php?idinformationmodule=957879329&topicorder=1&maxto=9&minto=1
Additional reading based on agriculture topic: General - Animal Science
Genomic Selection – A Paradigm Shift in Animal Breeding: Illumina next-generation sequencing and genotyping technologies are revolutionizing animal breeding. https://www.illumina.com/content/dam/illumina-marketing/documents/products/technotes/technote_ag_genomic_selection.pdf High-Density Genotyping Aids Livestock Improvement: Zoetis uses Illumina BreadChips to enable livestock producers to improve the genetic makeup of their herds https://www.illumina.com/content/dam/illumina-marketing/documents/icommunity/article_2014_01_zoetis.pdf Genomic selection in agriculture: An overview of recent publications featuring Illumina technology https://www.illumina.com/content/dam/illumina-marketing/documents/products/research_reviews/genomic-selection-in-agriculture.pdf Blueprint for USDA Efforts in Agricultural Animal Genomics 2008-2017 https://nifa.usda.gov/sites/default/files/resources/Blueprint%20for%20animal%20genetics%202008-17.pdf The Dog Genome: Shedding Light on Human Disease – Elaine Ostrander If students are not familiar with food animal genetics, introduce this concept with household pets, such as dogs. Consider the following resources: https://unlockinglifescode.org/node/1123 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxtX1pfSUec&feature=youtu.be Selective Advances in Cattle Breeding https://www.genome.gov/27570934/april-11-agriculture/
Plant Science
-
Sources: Pearson Education Campbell Essential Biology (6th Ed.) by Simon, Reece, & Dickey. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/23395.