Updated 4-1-15 by Gary Bond
Evidence for the Effectiveness of
Individual Placement and Support Model of
Supported Employment
Expressed Interest in Employment
Reported in 8 Surveys
Need
2/3 clients with severe mental illness want to work, but only ~10% employed.
Until the 1990s, no effective models for helping clients achieve stable competitive employment.
Day Treatment Conversions to IPS: Common Study Design
Discontinued day treatment Reassigned day treatment staff to
new positions Implemented new IPS program Compared to 3 sites not converting
Sources: Drake and Becker
Day Treatment Conversion Studies: 6 Sites Converting to IPS
vs. 4 Control Sites (Not Converting)
Similar Results in All Day Treatment Conversions
Large increase in employment rates No negative outcomes (e.g., relapses) Clients, families, staff liked change Most former day treatment clients spent
more time in community, even those not working
Resulted in cost savings
22 Randomized Controlled Trials of Individual
Placement and Support (IPS) Best evidence available on
effectiveness RCTs are gold standard in medical
research
Competitive Employment Rates in 22 Randomized Controlled Trials of IPS
Overall Findings for 22 RCTs
All 22 studies showed a significant advantage for IPS
Mean competitive employment rates for the 22 studies:
56% for IPS23% for controls
18-Month Competitive Employment Outcomes in 4 Controlled Trials of IPS
(Bond, Drake & Campbell, 2012)
Mean Job Tenure in Two IPS Studies
Job tenure for IPS was triple that for usual services in Hoffman study.
Frequency and Percentage of Steady Workers in Long-Term Studies
5-Year Return on Investment for IPS and Traditional Voc Services (Hoffmann, 2014)
IPS Is Effective in a Wide Variety of Target Populations
PTSD diagnosis Mental illness +
substance use Older adults First episode of
psychosis
Homeless Criminal justice
history Disability
beneficiaries African American Hispanic
Johnson & Johnson-Dartmouth IPS Learning Community
18 states/regions in US (over 150 sites)
3 European countries
(as of April 2015)
IPS IPS Fidelity and Outcomes in 79 Sites in IPS Learning Collaborative
(Bond et al., 2012)