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The United States of America
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The United States of America
Capital:Washington, DC
Independence Day:
July 4th 1776
Motto:
In God We Trust
Area: 9,631,418 sq km
Developed Country
Melting Pot(Central Intelligence Agency, 2011)
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The United States of America
Population: Over 300 million
Birth Rate:
13.83 births/ 1,000
Death Rate:
8.38/ 1,000
Infant Mortality Rate: 6.14/ 1,000
Life Expectancy at Birth
78.24 (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011)
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The United States of America
Benjamin Franklin
Americas 1st Inventor
Thomas Edison
The Light Bulb
Alexander Graham Bell
The Telephone
George Washington Carver
The Plant Doctor
Henry Ford
Automotive Vehicles (Sechrist, 2009)
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The United States of America
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The United States of America
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The United States of America
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The United States of America
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Leading Causes of Death in the US
1. Heart Disease
616,067
2. Cancer
562,875
3. Stroke
135,952
4. Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease
127,924
5. Accidents
123,706
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Cardiovascular Diseases
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Cardiovascular Diseases
Ischemic Heart DiseaseDefinition: includes
arterial diseaseaffecting the bloodsupply to the heart or tothe brain, or to theperipheral regions ofthe body.
A condition in whichthe walls of the arteriessupplying blood intothe heart muscle
becomes thickened.(Frayn & Stanner, 2005)
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Cardiovascular Diseases
Common Diseases of the Circulatory System:
Hypertensive diseases
Ischemic heart disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Diseases of the arteries, arterioles and capillaries
Pulmonary heart disease
Chronic rheumatic heart diseaseAcute rheumatic fever
(Labarthe,2011)
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Cardiovascular Diseases
Risk FactorsAge
Gender
Heredity Socioeconomic Status
Ethnic Group
Smoking
Cholesterol Concentration
LDL
HDL
Blood Pressure(Frayn & Stanner, 2005)
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Cardiovascular Diseases
From 1980 to 2007, the three leading causes of deathhave not changed in rank order.
However deaths from cardiovascular disease have
decreased slightly, while cancer has increased.It is predicted that sometime in the near future cancer
will overtake heart disease as the leading cause ofdeath in the US.
Percent distribution of the five leading causes of death in the US. Number of deaths 1,759,472
(Minino, Xu, Kochanek, &Tejada, 2009)
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Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases
Prevention of risk factors
Detection and treatment of risk factors
Early identification and treatment of heart diseases
Prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events
Behavior changes
(Labarthe,2011)
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Cancer
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Cancer
Cancer: is a collective term which embraces differentmalignant tumors which may be defined primarily bytheir site within the body or solely by histological type.
Classification: Location of tumor
Histological/cytological appearance
Behavior of tumor
(Kearsley & Morris, 1998)
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Cancer
Common Cancers:
Developed Countries:
Lung
Stomach
Colon/rectum
Prostate
Developing Countries:
Cervix
Uteri
Mouth
pharynx (Kearsley & Morris, 1998)
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Cancer
Risk Factors:
Age
Sex
Race
Socioeconomic Status
Sedentary Lifestyle
Diet
Stress
Heredity (Kearsley & Morris, 1998)
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Cancer Risk Factors
(World Cancer ResearchFund, 2007)
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Cancer Risk Factors
(World Cancer ResearchFund, 2007)
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Cancer
Prevention:
Elimination of risk factors
Avoidance of exposure to UV solar radiation
Avoidance of smoking
Prevent some occupation-association of hazardous exposure
Abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages
Proper monitoring of ones diet Screening
(Kearsley & Morris, 1998)
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Stroke
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Cerebrovascular Disease
The Brain: the most important organ in the body
Decided what it needs to do, when its needs to be done, andhow it should be done.
It then sends the relevant instructions down the spinal cordand to the appropriate nerve endings.
(Rudd, Irwin, & Penhale, 2000)
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Cerebrovascular Disease
A stroke occurs when the brain is damaged as a resultof insufficient blood supply.
Because each part of the brain is responsible for a
particular function, the symptoms will depend onwhich part of the bran was deprived of its normalblood supply.
Blood clot
Hemorrhage
(Rudd, Irwin, & Penhale, 2000)
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Cerebrovascular Disease
Struck suddenly with violence
Strokes cause more prolonged disability then anyother medical condition
Unable to:Speak or Write
Understand the speech of others
Move an arm or leg
Stand, Walk or Balance
Hear, See or Feel
Remember
(Caplan, 2006)
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Cerebrovascular Disease
Someone has a stroke every 45 seconds and dies every3 minutes
Stoke is the third leading cause of death in most
countries around the worldIn the US nearly 750,000 individuals will have a
stroke and 150,000 will die from a stroke each year
90,000 women
60,000 men
More common in people over 65 years, but can occurat any age
Infancy, childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood
Types: Hemorrhage
Bleeding inside the skull, either into the brain or into the fluidsurrounding the brain
Ischemia
Not enough blood supply to allow continued normal functioning ofthe affected brain tissue
(Caplan, 2006)
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Cerebrovascular Disease
Medical Conditions thatLead to Strokes:
Atherosclerosis
Hardening of the
arteries resulting fromthe development ofplaques on the inside ofthe arteries
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Arterial Dissection
Tear in the artery
Fibromuscular Dysplasia (Caplan, 2006)
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Cerebrovascular Disease
Hypertension
Smoking
Diabetes
Elevated cholesterol
High LDL
Sedentary lifestyle
Poor diet
Advancing age
Obesity(Hreib,2009)
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Summary
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Racial and Ethnic Community Estimates
(Center for Disease and Control andPrevention, 2010)
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Racial and Ethnic Community Estimates
(Center for Disease and Control andPrevention, 2010)
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Racial and Ethnic Community Estimates
(Center for Disease and Control andPrevention, 2010)
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National Heart Disease and Stroke
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National Heart Disease and StrokePrevention Program
Increase awareness of the warning signs andsymptoms of heart attack and stroke and theimportance of calling 911 immediately
Improve emergency response and quality of careEliminate health disparities among racial and ethnic
minority populations
Evaluation
Monitoring and tracking disease
Training and technical assistance
Translating science into practice
Partnership
(Center for Disease and Control andPrevention, 2010)
State Activities for Heart Disease and Stroke
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State Activities for Heart Disease and StrokePrevention
Promote heart-healthy and stroke free worksitepolicies and programs, such as smoke-free
workplaces, wellness programs, and insurancecoverage of preventive health services for employees.
Work with health care providers to make systemschanges, such as automated reminders from providersto patients, that help increase the number of people
who bring their blood pressure under control.
Coordinate stroke prevention efforts to ensure thatsystems of care provide the highest quality of strokecare for all
Promote training and standard protocols for(Center for Disease and Control andPrevention, 2010)
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Ongoing Cancer Prevention and Control
Monitoring
Collection of data on incidence and deaths, cancer risk factors,the use of screening tests, and cancer trends
Conducting research and evaluation To help the cancer community better understand the factors
that increase the risk of cancers and evaluation of feasibleeffective strategies designed to prevent and control cancer
Building capacity and partnership To translate research into public health programs, practices
and services; to ensure that innovations reach the populations;to build the capacity to apply scientific advances to developstrong cancer control programs
(Center for Disease Control andPrevention, 2010)
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Future Strives
Collaborate with partners, policy makers, and otherindividuals and groups working to ease the burden ofcancer in the United States and abroad
Expand the use of information technology in cancersurveillance, particularly in cancer registries
Improve the cost-effectiveness of the National Breastand Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program
Expand CDCs role in addressing public healthstrategies to increase survivorship in underservedpopulations and improve end-of-life support forcancer patients, families, friends, and caregivers
(Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, 2010)
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THE END!!!
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References
Caplan, L. R. (2006).Stroke. New York, NY: AmericanAcademy of Neurology.
Carson, B. (1990). Gifted Hands. Grand Rapids, MI:
Review and Herald Publishing Association.Center for Disease and Control and Prevention. (2010,March 15).Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.Retrieved February 6, 2011, from Heart Disease and
Stroke Prevention:http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/AAG/dhdsp.htm
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010,