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Prepared by:Christine C. Garcia
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The learner must be
motivated
The phrase above is
said to be the basicprinciple of teaching-
learning process. One
aspect of the teachingfunction that needs
attention is motivation.
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According to Ruch,
"motivation meanscomplexes of internal
conditions which serve to
direct the organism toward
specific goals."
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Hilgarddefines motivation as:"something that incites
the organism has been
aroused.
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Morgangives thefollowing words:
as synonyms ofmotivation-wants,
strivings, desires, needs,motives, goals, aspiration,
drive, wish, aims, etc.
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Motivation may also
be defined as behavior
instigated by needs
within the individual and
directed toward goals
that can satisfy the needs.
Motivation may also be
regarded as explanationfor action which
influences behavior in
many ways.
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These are external stimulus to
action. This type of motivation is
based on incentive. The motivation
comes from outside the individual,
that is, from the external
environment.
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Arise from the individuals genuine
desire to learn because he realizes the
benefits he will derive from what he willlearn. An intrinsically motivated
individual is said to be self-motivated, is
an internal stimulus that a arouse one to
action. It is based on motive, which is
always intrinsic.
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CLASSIFICATION
OF MOTIVES
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Biological and physiological
drives
These are innate or inborn stimuli
such as the desire for food, water, shelter,and other comforts of the body. In the
hierarchy of motives, biological drives arethe lowest but the most important.
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Psychological
drives
These are social drives which are
acquired, learned or derived.
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Creativity or
self-actualization drives
These are general or unconscious drives or
motives. The desire to do something not out of
necessity but simply the urge to achieve
something exceptional for the good of humanity
is self-actualization.
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MOTIVATION PRINCIPLES
Learning under intrinsic motivation is
better than learning under extrinsic
motivation.Goal-setting is an important
motivational aspect of learning.
Successful experiences are important
motivations for all students.
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MOTIVATION PRINCIPLES
Feedback about the progress being
made by the students can be an
effective motivator.Using learner interest as a motive is
important in classroom learning.
Learning under control of reward is
better than learning under the control
of punishment.
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MOTIVATION PRINCIPLESMeaningful materials and tasks are
more successful motivators than tasksthe learner does not understand.
Success generally increases the level
of aspiration and achievement of thelearner, whereas failure tends to lower
the level of aspiration.
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MOTIVATION PRINCIPLESThe teachers expectation of the
learners performance influence the
latters achievement.
Group competition, cooperation, and
support are more effective motivatorsthan individual competition.
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MOTIVATIONAL CYCLEMotivation goes through a cycle.
The first stage starts with a need which turns into a
motive. Then tension or stress arises. The second
stage is action. The motive spurs the individual into
action and the activity continues until the motive has
been satisfied and the goal achieved.
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Then the third stage starts, which is the
satisfaction of the individual. Tension vanishes
and stability or equilibrium takes its place.
This is called homeostasis, which is the
absence of tension and satisfaction, stability
and equilibrium characterize the individual.
If there is another need or motive arising, the
motivational cycle starts all over again.
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