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INDUSTRIALREVOLUTION
Beginsmid18thcenturyinBri>an,thenNewEnglandandtheNothereasternU.S
WhatisINDUSTRIALREVOLUTION
Developmentofnewproduc>onmethods,sourceofpower
(steam,coal)
ShiKinproduc>onofgoodsfromsmall-scaleprivate,andar>sanaltomechanizedandmass
produc>on.
Developmentoffactoriesandmills.
A Watt steam engine in Madrid. The
development of the steam engine
propelled the Industrial Revolution
in Britain. The steam engine was
created to pump water from coal
mines, enabling them to be
deepened beyond groundwaterlevels.CreatedbyUtsavAnurag
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This>meperiodsawthemechaniza>onofagricultureandtex>lemanufacturinganda
revolu>oninpowerandhadamassiveeffecton
social,culturalandeconomiccondi>ons.
Landsconvertedfromfarmingtosheepraising,leavingfarmworkerswithoutjobs
TheIndustrialRevolu>onwasafundamentalchangeinthewaygoodswereproduced,
fromhumanlabortomachines
Themoreefficientmeansofproduc>onandsubsequenthigherlevelsofproduc>ontriggered
far-reachingchangestoindustrializedsocie>es
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REASON
Tomakeworkeasy. Produceinbulk. save>me. EconomicDevelopment
PropelledbyPopula>ongroth.
Popula>onGrowth. Earliermarriagesandmorechildren
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RESULT
Machines were invented which replacedhuman labor.
New energy sources were developed topower the new machinery water, steam,electricity, oil .
Increased use of metals and mineralsAluminum, coal, copper, iron, etc.
Transportation improved, Communication improved.TelegraphTelephoneRadio
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Massproduc>onofgoods Increasednumbersofgoods Increaseddiversityofgoodsproduced.
Developmentofcapitalism Financialcapitalforcon>nuedindustrial
growth
Developmentandgrowthofnewsocio-economicclasses
Workingclass,bourgeoisie,andwealthyindustrialclass
Commitmenttoresearchanddevelopment Investmentsinnewtechnologies Industrialandgovernmentalinterestin
promo>nginven>on,thesciences,and
overallindustrialgrowth. CreatedbyUtsavAnurag
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cutdownonmanpower's.Riseofthemidddleclass.
Romen>sism. RiseofartandcraKmovement
Endoffreedelisam.
IntricateworkwasgoneCapitalism
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ART&CRAFTMOVEMNT
TheideaoftheArtsandCraKsMovementrepresentedareac>onagainstthemoralandmaterialconsequencesof
theindustrialrevolu>on.
Introduc8on
StartedinEnglandinthelatenineteenthcentury.
Itwasledbythear>standwriterWilliamMorrisandwasinspiredbythewri>ngsofJohnRuskin.
ItwasareformistmovementthatinfluencedBri>shand
Americanarchitecture,decora>vearts,cabinetmaking,craKs,andeventhe"co^age.
Thepeakpointforthemovementwasbetweenapproximately1880and1910.
1880to1910
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Themovementencompassednotjustfurniturebutalsoarchitecture,ceramics,metalwork,wallpaperandstain
glass.Brown,green,black,yellowtoneswereprevalentacrossallfields;aswasanemphasisonquality
workmanship.
Armchair Chandelier
Inthisperiod,manufacturedgoodswereoKenpoorindesignandquality.
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Thiswasthemovement,whichchallengedthetastesoftheVictorian
era.
Thiswasavisionofasocietyinwhichtheworkerwasnottreatroughlyby
theworkingcondi>onsfoundin
factories,butrathercouldtakepride
inhiscraKsmanshipandskill.
Theriseofaconsumerclasscoincidedwiththeriseofmanufactured
consumergoods.
Itwasendatearly20thcentury.
Theyusednaturalmaterialandhandmadegoods.
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Reason
Toshowthereintricatework,whichwasnotdonebymachines.
Topromoteareturntohand-craKsmanshipandtodeclarethecrea>veindependenceof
individualcraKspeople.
Itwasareac>onagainsttheindustrializedsocietythathadboomedinBritaininthe
Victorianperiod,andaimedforsocialas
wellasar>s>creform.
Peoplefeltthatmassproduc>onwaskillingtheapprecia>onofhand-craKedar>sanship.
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Topromoteallaspectsofinteriordecora>onasequaltoarchitectureinthecrea>onofthe"house
beau>ful. ToelevatethestatusoflaborandcraKatthe
expenseoftheentrepreneuror"greatman
Toadvocatewomen'sabili>esasleaders,reformers,and
professionals.
Toameliorateurbanillsandsocialaliena>onthroughsupport
forruralindustriesand
communitarianventures
CraKsmangotthereiden>tyback.
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WorksfromartandcraKmovement
LibrarytableARTIST Brooch,necklace,andhaircombARTIST
GustavS>ckleyFlorenceoehler
ARTISTFrankLloydWright ARTIST William MorrisARTIST William Morris