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Page 1: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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VC 101: A Beginner’s Guide to Variant Configuration

Jean-Yves PopovicADELANTE

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What We’ll Cover …

• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up

2

Why Are We Here?

• If you manufacture complex products, or multi-variant products …

• If you need to offer your customers high levels of customization (configuration) …

• If you can’t possibly keep all possible variants in stock, but you need flexibility and fast reaction to market demand …

• If Sales, Engineering, Planning, and Production are overwhelmed with an enormous amount of data to create and maintain …

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Page 2: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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Why Are We Here? (cont.)

• … Then you need to streamline the information flow across your organization using SAP Variant Configuration (VC)

• This session will walk you through the steps of building a simple VC model

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Who Should Use Variant Configuration?

• Example of industries relevant to SAP VC:

Aircraft

Bicycle

Motorcycles

ElevatorSystems

PCs

Pumps

Furniture

ProductComplexity

MassProduction

Automobiles

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What We’ll Cover …

• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up

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Page 3: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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Why Variant Configuration (VC)?

• Why should VC be used:Example: You operate a SUBWAY® franchise, you run SAP, your pricing and lead time must be based on the exact order (options)The options you’ll be asked for the Italian B.M.T.® are:

- 6”- 12”

BreadLength - pepper

- onion- olive- lettuce- cucumber

Toppings

- vinaigrette- ranch- caesar

Dressing

- Yes- No

Grilled?

- Regular- Italian- Herbs- Oat and

Honey

Bread

(choose exactly one) (choose exactly one) (choose one or none)

(choose exactly one)(choose anycombination)

& & & &

4 2 32 4 2x x x x(any + none) (3 + 1)

= 2,048 variants!!

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Why Variant Configuration (VC)? (cont.)

• In this example (and if there are no other restrictions), your organization would need to create and maintain 2,048 data sets (Material Masters, BOMs, Task Lists, Costing, and Pricing records)!

• Plus:Maintenance: One more dressing option would add 512 new data setsSales Order entry: Which material number to enter?New rules or restrictions (Example: If Italian bread chosen, dressing must be vinaigrette, etc.)

Issue

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VC Concepts and Functionalities

• Process flow:

Sales Quote Prod Order

Purch Order

Sales/Customer Services Engineering Production/Procurement

Order BOM

Sales Order

bodybody

seats

car

bodyinterior

seats dashboard

Super BOM

Op.30

Op.20

car

Op.10

Super Routing

+ +

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Page 4: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)

• Super-BOM

Italian B.M.T.

Italian Bread

Herbs Bread

Oat & Honey Bread

Cucumber

ORDER # 1234

Bread

Size

Topping

RegularItalianHerbsOat & Honey

6”12”

PepperOnionOliveLettuceCucumber

Item: Italian B.M.T.Qty: 1

Regular Bread

Onion

Olive

Lettuce

Pepper

Yes

Grilled?No

Qty = 1

Qty = 1

Qty = 1

Qty = 1

Qty = 0.5

How does it work? Dependencies!

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VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)

• Super Task List (Routing)

Italian B.M.T. Routing

Op.10: Pick and Slice Bread

Op.20: Pick and apply toppings

Op.30: Put in oven and grill

ORDER # 1234

Bread

Size

Topping

RegularItalianHerbsOat & Honey

6”12”

PepperOnionOliveLettuceCucumber

Item: Italian B.M.T.Qty: 1

Yes

Grilled?No

10 sec.

12 sec.

20 sec.

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VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)

• Super Task List (Routing) (cont.)

Italian B.M.T. Routing

Op.10: Pick and Slice Bread

Op.20: Pick and apply toppings

Op.30: Put in oven and grill

ORDER # 1234

Bread

Size

Topping

RegularItalianHerbsOat & Honey

6”12”

PepperOnionOliveLettuceCucumber

Item: Italian B.M.T.Qty: 1

Yes

Grilled?No

10 sec.

12 sec.

20 sec.

5 sec.

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Page 5: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)

• Super Task List (Routing) (cont.)

Italian B.M.T. Routing

Op.10: Pick and Slice Bread

Op.20: Pick and apply toppings

Op.30: Put in oven and grill

ORDER # 1234

Bread

Size

Topping

RegularItalianHerbsOat & Honey

6”12”

PepperOnionOliveLettuceCucumber

Item: Italian B.M.T.Qty: 1

Yes

Grilled?No

12 sec.

20 sec.

5 sec.

8 sec.

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VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)

• Super Task List (Routing) (cont.)

Italian B.M.T. Routing

Op.10: Pick and Slice Bread

Op.20: Pick and apply toppings

Op.30: Put in oven and grill

ORDER # 1234

Bread

Size

Topping

RegularItalianHerbsOat & Honey

6”12”

PepperOnionOliveLettuceCucumber

Item: Italian B.M.T.Qty: 1

Yes

Grilled?No

20 sec.

5 sec.

8 sec.

How does it work? Dependencies!

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VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)

• Multi-level Bills Of Materials:For more complex products, configuration can be done at any BOM levelCharacteristic values can be passed from any level to any levelPurchase Orders for lower level materials can therefore be configured

car

engine bodyinterior

seats

fabric frame

dashboard

Color = blueColor = blue Production Order

Purchase Order

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Page 6: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)

• Dimensions (geometrical measures) can be configured and inferred

• Example: Window size: width = (2 x w1) + w23 variables, one equation

Any 2 variables must be assigned values (not all of 3)Last value is inferred*

width

w1 w2

* need to use Constraints

VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)

• Price configuration:Pricing in SD (based on conditions) will read the characteristicvalues of a configurable materialPrice is therefore dynamically calculated during configuration in the Sales Order entry screenMore details in “Exploiting Variant Configuration for Use in Advanced Planning and Modeling” session

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Variant Configuration Knowledge Base

Variant Class

Characteristic: Bread Type

RegularItalianHerbs

Desc.: Italian B.M.T.Type: 300

6”

Characteristic: Length

12”

Possible Values:

Possible Values:

Material MasterMaterial Type: KMATDesc.: Italian B.M.T.Variant Class: <Italian B.M.T.>

ConfigurationProfile

Super BOM

Super Routing

Dependencies

Precondition (PC)Selection Condition (SC)Procedures (P)Constraints (C)

Op. 10 …Op. 20 …

Item 10: …Item 20: …

PricingConditions

...

Order BOMBOM explosionUser Interface

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Page 7: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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Which SAP Applications Use VC?

• Configurable object typesSales Orders and Production Orders (SD and PP)

Sales Order is configuredOrder BOM (or not)Configuration results passed to Production Order

Maintenance Order (PM)Network Order (PS)Purchase Orders (MM):

Material or Services

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What We’ll Cover …

• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up

20

Variant Configuration Knowledge Base

Variant Class

Characteristic: Bread Type

RegularItalianHerbs

Desc.: Italian B.M.T.Type: 300

6”

Characteristic: Length

12”

Possible Values:

Possible Values:

Material MasterMaterial Type: KMATDesc.: Italian B.M.T.Variant Class: <Italian B.M.T.>

ConfigurationProfile

Super BOM

Super Routing

Dependencies

Precondition (PC)Selection Condition (SC)Procedures (P)Constraints (C)

Op. 10 ...Op. 20 ...

Item 10: ...Item 20: ...

PricingConditions

...

Order BOMBOM explosionUser Interface

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Page 8: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

Classification: Characteristics

• Characteristics are standard SAP Classification objects• They represent the possible “options” you will need to

set when configuring a product• VC is about assigning values to characteristics (value

assignment)Values can also be deducted and/or inherited

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Classification: Characteristics (cont.)

• Example of characteristics and value assignments:[Type of engine]

Possible values: “4 cylinder,” “V6,” “V8”[Length of shaft]

Any value within the range 30–40 CM[Gloss finish?]

“Yes” or “No”[Toppings]

“Pepper,” “Olive,” “Onion,” etc.

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Classification: System Menu

• Variant Configuration menu is in Logistics Central Functions

• Characteristics maintenance: transaction CT04• Classes maintenance: transaction CL02

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Page 9: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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Classification: Characteristics

• Characteristics maintenance

FORMAT:Numeric:

Length, weight, etc.May be used for calculationsHas a Unit of Measure

Character: alphanumericNote: other formats (Date, Time Currency) are not allowed in VC

For numeric formats only

Enforces value assignment

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Classification: Characteristics (cont.)

• Allowed values:Specific value(s)Interval(s)

100-200Combinations

<50, 100, 150–180, >= 200

Default Value

Other values can be assigned (format must be respected)

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Classification: Characteristics (cont.)

• Others:

Reference Characteristic: Refer to a table field

Link to a Document (CAD drawing, JPEG picture, Word document, etc.)Values can also be assigned to Documents

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Page 10: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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Classification: Reference Characteristics

• Reference Characteristics:Refer to a table field

Example: Characteristic BOM_QTY refers to table-field STPO-MENGE

Two functions:Read information

Example: Read PLANT or CUSTOMER (because value assignment may be dependent on those)

Change field content with dependencies:Change BOM quantity or Operation Duration (based on value assignment)

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Classification: Reference Characteristics (cont.)

STPO: BOM item fieldsPLPO: Operation fields (Routing)PLFH: PRT fieldsPLFL: Sequence fieldsSDCOM: Structure between SD and VCMMCOM: Structure between MM and VC

VBAK: Sales Order header dataVBAP: Sales Order Item dataVBKD: Commercial dataMAEPV: Material Master dataMAAPV: Material Master fieldsVEDA: Contract dataVBPA_XX: Partner tables (sold-to, ship-to, bill-to, payer)

Tables whose field values can be changed by dependencies:

Tables whose field values can be read by dependencies:

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Classification: Classes

• Variant Class:Classes mostly group together characteristicsOne characteristic can be assigned to many classesClasses of class type 300 collect and manage the characteristics to which you assign values in the Sales Order

• Transaction CL02: (create/change/display)

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Page 11: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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Classification: Class Maintenance

• Class: Basic Data

• Class: Characteristic assignment

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Classification: Class Maintenance (cont.)

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What We’ll Cover …

• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up

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Page 12: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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Variant Configuration Knowledge Base

Variant Class

Characteristic: Bread Type

RegularItalianHerbs

Desc.: Italian B.M.T.Type: 300

6”

Characteristic: Length

12”

Possible Values:

Possible Values:

Material MasterMaterial Type: KMATDesc.: Italian B.M.T.Variant Class: <Italian B.M.T.>

ConfigurationProfile

Super BOM

Super Routing

Dependencies

Precondition (PC)Selection Condition (SC)Procedures (P)Constraints (C)

Op. 10 …Op. 20 …

Item 10: …Item 20: …

PricingConditions

...

Order BOMBOM explosionUser Interface

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Master Data: Material Master

• Basic Data view:Configurable Material flag Material Type KMAT has flag set by default

• Classification:Assign variant class

• Sales view: Item Category group (0002 or 0004)• MRP views:

MRP type: not NDLot size: EXStrategy group

• Basic Data 2 view:

• Classification view:

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Master Data: Material Master (cont.)

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Page 13: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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Master Data: Material Master (cont.)

• Sales org. 2 view:

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Master Data: BOM

• Super BOM:Regular BOM that contains all possible components for all possible variantsDependencies will act as “filters”

• Item category:L: Stock itemN: Non-stock item (example: next level configurable material)K: Class item (use class type 200)R: Variable-size item

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Master Data: BOM (cont.)

• Transaction CS01/CS02/CS03:

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Page 14: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

Master Data: BOM (cont.)

• Class item (category K) (aka Class node)You assign a class (type 200) as a BOM item

Example: Class: COLORCharacteristic: COLORPossible values: Blue, Red, Green

You assign this class to materials (possible components) and classify them:

Material Raw1 BlueMaterial Raw2 RedMaterial Raw3 Green

During value assignment (configuration), you assign a value to this item (example: Red), and the BOM component is determined accordingly

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Master Data: BOM (cont.)

• Class nodes are a simple way to handle some basic product configuration (without using Object Dependencies)

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Master Data: Task List (Routing)

• Super Routing:Same principle as Super BOMRegular routing that contains all possible sequences, operations and PRTs for all possible variantsDependencies will act as “filters”

• Note that dependencies can be assigned to sequences (alternative and parallel), operations, and PRTs

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Page 15: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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Master Data: Task List (Routing) (cont.)

• Transaction CA01/CA02/CA03:

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What We’ll Cover …

• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up

44

Variant Configuration Knowledge Base

Variant Class

Characteristic: Bread Type

RegularItalianHerbs

Desc.: Italian B.M.T.Type: 300

6”

Characteristic: Length

12”

Possible Values:

Possible Values:

Material MasterMaterial Type: KMATDesc.: Italian B.M.T.Variant Class: <Italian B.M.T.>

ConfigurationProfile

Super BOM

Super Routing

Dependencies

Precondition (PC)Selection Condition (SC)Procedures (P)Constraints (C)

Op. 10 ...Op. 20 ...

Item 10: ...Item 20: ...

PricingConditions

...

Order BOMBOM explosionUser Interface

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Page 16: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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Object Dependencies

• Precondition:Can a characteristic (or characteristic value) be selected?

• Selection condition:Must a characteristic (or characteristic value) be selected?

• ProceduresInfer values (including to reference characteristics)Recursive, in sequence

• Constraints (see VC Advanced presentation)Infer values, and consistency checkAssigned to configuration profile only

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Object Dependencies: Precondition

• Precondition:Can a characteristic (or char. value) be selected?

• Assigned to:CharacteristicCharacteristic value

• Examples: Characteristic TANDEM_SADDLE appears in the value assignment screen only if BIKE_MODEL = “Tandem”Characteristic value “21 gears” of characteristic GEARS appears only if BIKE_MODEL = “Mountain”

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Object Dependencies: Selection Condition

• Selection Condition:Must a characteristic (or characteristic value) be selected?

• Assigned to:Characteristic valueBOM items, Routing (operation, sub-operation, sequence, PRT)

• Examples: BOM item “Italian bread” selected if BREAD_TYPE = “Italian Bread”Characteristic SPEAKER_TYPE selected only if OPTION = “STEREO System”

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Page 17: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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Object Dependencies: Procedures

• ProceduresInfer values (including to reference characteristics)Recursiveness (in sequence), and can be overwritten

• Assigned to:Characteristic and characteristic valuesBOM items (for example, to change the quantity)Routing operations (for example, to change standard values)

• Examples: BOM quantity of BREAD is 0.5 if BREAD_SIZE = 6”Operation “Preparation” is 5 seconds if one topping, 10 seconds if two toppings, etc.Characteristic value of BREAKING_SYSTEM is set to “ABS” if CAR_ENGINE is set to “V6” or “V8”

Object Dependencies: Dependency Editor

• Not ABAP, not a programming language (more like a script)

• Operators: AND, OR, NOT, IF, >, <>, …• Arithmetic expressions:

+ , - , * , /Standard functions: cos, sin, ceil, floor, etc.

• Object variables:$root: refers to header material in a configuration$self: refers to the current object$parent: refers to instance above $self

• Note that ABAP function modules can be called in dependencies as variant functions

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Object Dependencies: Selection Condition

• In our Italian B.M.T. example:Let’s assign Selection Conditions to each of the BOM items:

Double click

Syntax check

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Page 18: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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Object Dependencies: Selection Condition (cont.)

• In our Italian B.M.T. example: (cont.)Let’s assign Selection Conditions to Operations:

Double click

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Object Dependencies: Selection Condition (cont.)

• Let’s set the “Pick and Slice bread” operation time to:5 seconds if bread size = 6”20 seconds if bread size = 24”(Else time remains 10 seconds)

• In the routing, operation 10, click on Object Dependency Procedure

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Object Dependency: Recap

Assigned to BOM itemRouting Op.

Characteristic Characteristic Value

Pre-condition

(PC)

Can a characteristic (or char. value) be selected?

N/A Ex.: Char. “Tandem_saddle” appears as selectable only if BIKE_MODEL= “Tandem”

Ex. Value “21 gears” (of char. “GEARS”) appears as selectable only if BIKE_MODEL = “Mountain”

Selection Condition

(SC)

Must a char. (or char. Value) be selected?

Ex.: BOM item “Racing Handlebar” selected if BIKE_MODEL = “Racing”Ex.: Operation “Install Modem” selected if EXTRAS = “Modem”

Ex.: Char. “TANDEM_SADDLE” must be assigned a value if BIKE_MODEL = “Tandem”

N/A

Procedure(P)

Infer values, including reference data (overwrite, recursive)

Ex.: If VERSION = “PC Deluxe,” then there are two DVD Drive (BOM qty)Ex.: If FINISH = “Gloss,”then Op.Time = Op.Time + 10 minutes

Ex.: If Char. ACCESSORIES selected, then BOM quantity of item SHIPPING BOX set to 2.

Ex.: Char. value of char. “BRAKING SYSTEM” is set to “ABS” if ENGINE_TYPE = “V6” or “V8”

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Page 19: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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What We’ll Cover …

• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up

55

Variant Configuration Knowledge Base

Variant Class

Characteristic: Bread Type

RegularItalianHerbs

Desc.: Italian B.M.T.Type: 300

6”

Characteristic: Length

12”

Possible Values:

Possible Values:

Material MasterMaterial Type: KMATDesc.: Italian B.M.T.Variant Class: <Italian B.M.T.>

ConfigurationProfile

Super BOM

Super Routing

Dependencies

Precondition (PC)Selection Condition (SC)Procedures (P)Constraints (C)

Op. 10..Op. 20 ..

Item 10: ..Item 20: ..

PricingConditions

..

Order BOMBOM explosionUser Interface

56

Configuration Profile

• Defines the configuration scenario:PldOrderOrder SetOrder BOMMulti-level configuration

• User Interface design: Allowed screen, default screen

• Availability Checks

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Page 20: VC101 a Beginner s Guide to Variant Configuration

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Configuration Profile: Example

• Transactions CU41/CU42/CU43:

Configuration Profile: Example (cont.)

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priority

description class type

Detail screen:

… then SAVENote: More will be covered in the “Exploiting Variant Configuration for Use in Advanced Planning and Modeling” session

59

What We’ll Cover …

• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up

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Simulation

• Our model is now functional• Transaction CU50 allows us to simulate our

configuration:Value

Assignment(Configuration)

Simulation (cont.)

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Simulation (cont.)

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Simulation (cont.)

RESULT(BOM)

RESULT(Routing)

Italian Bread – QTY = 1Two operationsOp.10 Std Value = 10 sec

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Simulation (cont.)

Back to configuration screen:

24” (double)No grill

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Simulation (cont.)

RESULT(BOM)

RESULT(Routing)

Italian Bread – QTY = 2Op. 20 (grill) not selectedOp. 10 Std Value = 20 sec

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What We’ll Cover …

• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up

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Configuration Cockpit

• Transaction PMEVC• One of the difficulties in VC, when modeling, was to

have all the information available at your fingertips (i.e., without having five sessions opened!)

• This cockpit solves that issue: It allows you to navigate through all relevant objects (characteristics, dependencies, … )

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Configuration Cockpit (cont.)

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Other Topics (Addressed in a Subsequent Presentation)

• Variant Pricing (SD, MM)• Material Variants (Type Matching)• More on Object Dependencies

Constraints, Variant Tables • Configuration scenarios:

Order BOMs, Order Set (CU51)Process flow: Sales Order, Engineering, …Multi-level Configuration

• Planning for VCMake-to-Stock? Make-to-Order? Engineer-to-Order? Assemble-to-Order?Planning StrategiesCharacteristics Based planning

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Other Topics (Addressed in a Subsequent Presentation) (cont.)• Engineering Change Management (ECM) and Order

Change Management (OCM)• Technical:

Client managementPerformance issues

• Sales Configuration Engine (SCE) and Internet Pricing and Configuration (IPC)

• Modeling tips• Variant Configuration Project

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What We’ll Cover …

• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up

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Resources

• http://help.sap.comhttp://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/92/58d455417011d189ec0000e81ddfac/frameset.htm

• SAP PLM145 course “Variant Configuration: Modeling and Integration”

7 Key Points to Take Home

• You now understand the working principles of SAP VC, and you are able to build a simple, working model …

• … but you feel that you just touched the tip of the iceberg

• SAP VC is a powerful and flexible tool, and can be quite complex

• SAP VC spans the whole organization (sales, engineering, production, etc.)

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7 Key Points to Take Home (cont.)

• It is obvious that a VC project is not just implementing another module

• There are many ways to make VC work for you, but the goal is to find the optimal way (functionalities, performance, maintenance, etc.)

• You need to learn more … in our next session

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Your Turn!

How to contact me:Jean-Yves Popovic

[email protected]

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