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Felipe TargaViceminister of Transport
C l biColombia
URBANIZATION – RAPID GROWTH
PROBLEM:•PROCESS SPEED•UNSATISFIED BASIC NEEDS•INEQUALITY
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SYMPTOMS
• INCREASING TRAVEL TIME (CONGESTION)
• ENVIRONMENT DEGRADATION
• ROAD ACCIDENTS
• INEFFICIENT PUBLIC TRANSPORT
MOBILITY – Car ownership increase
…IMPACTS IN CITIES, HEALTH, QUALITY OF LIFE AND COMPETITIVENESS V
ICE
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WHAT KIND OF CITY WE WANT?
WHAT SHOULD BE THE DEBATE OVER THE IMPACT IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT?
MOBILITY – INDUCED TRAFFIC
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ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH
DEGRADATION OF LOCAL ENVIRONMENT
•90% OF AIR POLLUTION: MOBILE SOURCES (TRANSPORT)
•MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY FROM RESPIRATORY DISEASES
…AND GLOBAL: CLIMATE CHANGE
•TRANSPORT: 23% - 33% OF CO2 EMISSIONS (UP TO 50% IN CITIES)
•FASTEST GROWING SOURCE
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CHALLENGES & PARADIGMS
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•MOTORIZATION VS ATTRACTIVE ALTERNATIVE
• IT IS NOT ONLY ABOUT PASSENGERS-HOUR-DIRECTION
•ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF PUBLIC POLICY
CHALLENGES & PARADIGMS
LEVEL OF SERVICE
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LEVEL OF SERVICE
AFFORDABILITY
FARE LEVEL
SUSTAINABILITY O&M
CHALLENGES & PARADIGMS
MODEL BASED ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT
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6
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1
FINANCING
CHALLENGES & PARADIGMS
TRANSMILENIO BOGOTÁ – SOACHA MEGABÚS – PEREIRAMIO – METROCALI CALI!!!!!!!!!!!!!METROLÍNEA – BUCARAMANGA TRANSMETRO – BARRANQUILLA TRANSCARIBE – CARTAGENAMETROPLÚS – MEDELLÍN !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1. 2.3.!!!!!!!!!!!!4. 5. 6.7. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
$ 2.262 / $ 30$ 119$ 750$ 223$ 148$ 167$ 142TOTAL$ 3.841 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
$ 1.518 / $29(Soacha)$ 63$ 306$ 51$ 34$ 106 $ 133
$ 2.240 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!"#"$%&'#&#()*+,-)
!"#"$%&'#&#(."//,.&/,*'"#
NATIONAL EXPENDITURE
LOCAL EXPENDITURE
+US$6 BILLION PUBLIC INVESTMENT:MEDIUM RUN BUDGET COMPROMISED
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Año Evaluación ExPost
Bogotá Pereira Cali 2.009 2.011 2.011
VPN * Millones_COP2010 $ 2.146.761 $ 423.123 $ 388.814 TIR * 24,2% 45,0% 14,9% B/C * 2,50 1,69 1,23 Longitud Troncal ** km 84 / 118 15 / 16 33 / 39 Longitud Pretroncal ** km NA 4 / 4 148 / 243 Capacidad Máxima Pax/h/Sentido *** 48.800 11.200 21.100 Capacidad Utilizada Pax/h/Sentido 43.000 6.300 13.500 Demanda Actual Pax/día 1.650.000 108.000 240.000 Demanda Esperada Pax/día 1.950.000 151.000 300.000
Evaluaciones Ex Post de los SITM Resultados
* TIR-VPN-BC proyecto (Costos: diseño, construcción, operación, mantenimiento, flota, recaudo. Beneficios: ahorro en tiempos de viaje, ahorros en operación, menor accidentalidad, reducción de emisiones GEI) ** Construido al momento de la Evaluación / Longitud total contratada *** Esta capacidad podría alcanzarse en la medida que se optimice el estado del pavimento y la programación semafórica, entre otras acciones.
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PUBLIC POLICY INNOVATION
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Transport-Land use Policy
Demand management
Policy
Climate change and environ-
mental quality Policy
Operations Policy
PUBLIC POLICY INNOVATION
VICEMINISTRY OF TRANSPORT
SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY OFFICE
PROJECT MONITORING
... FROMCOORDINATION OFFICE
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PUBLIC POLICY INNOVATION
Transport-Land use Policy
VICEMINISTRY OF TRANSPORT
SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY OFFICE
PROJECT MONITORING
Política de administración de demanda
(TDM)
Política de cambio climático
y calidad ambiental
Política de operaciones
Demand management
Policy
Climate change and environ-
mental quality Policy
Operations Policy
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PUBLIC POLICY INNOVATION
It is not only a mobility solution, it is a urban solution with potential to add value to the city
• COMPREHENSIVE VISION
RENOVATION AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
! TODs + Value capture! Urban development Law! Environment (air quality and GEI)
• Management and financial urban instruments:
• High quality employment• Safe, healthy and livable
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PUBLIC POLICY INNOVATION
TRANSPORT
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Metro
BRT
LRT
DENSITY IS KEY
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PUBLIC POLICY INNOVATION
VALORIZATION, BETTERMENT LEVIES, TAX INCREMENT FINANCING
CAPITALIZATION ON LAND VALUES
ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS
ACCESIBILITY BENEFITS
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Boston Metropolitan area, Train
London Metro extension
Metro Newcastle-Sund.
Metro Chicago
San Diego Tren Ligero
TransMilenio
PUBLIC POLICY INNOVATION
LOCATION
Armstrong y Rodríguez (2006)
ADDED VALUE SOURCE
9.6 - 10.1%
Gibbons & Machin (2005)9.3%
Du & Mulley (2007)-
Du & Mulley (2007)3% X 400 M.
Cervero & Duncan (2002)2% - 6%
Targa (2003) y Rodríguez & Targa (2004) 7% - 9% X 5 MIN
Source: Financing Transit Systems Through Value Capture (Smith & Gihring, 2006): 90 studies
• ACCESIBILITY BENEFITS
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VALUE CAPTURE FINANCING EXPERIENCE
PUBLIC POLICY INNOVATION
OFFICE
HOTEL
MALL
STATIONS
PARKING
HONG KONG
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PUBLIC POLICY INNOVATION
• Ammonize urban management instruments TODs
• New developments: intelligent buildings, zero emissions LEED
• Tax incentives: Free trade urban zones for services, eco-business or eco-industrial parks
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PUBLIC POLICY INNOVATION
!FINANCING: VALUE CAPTURE
CEPAC DESIGN (SAO PAULO) COLOMBIAN IMPROVEMENT
CT from multilateral banks and experts
•Metodological design of the instrument
•Urban norm and legal framework
•Investment and real-state funds, financial design
of the instrument: Auction or tradable in markets
•Local development plans in strategic corridors, promoting TODs and additional development rights
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PUBLIC POLICY INNOVATION
Política de transporte - Uso
del suelo
VICEMINISTRY OF TRANSPORT
SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY OFFICE
PROJECT MONITORING
Política de cambio climático
y calidad ambiental
Política de operaciones
Climate change and environ-
mental quality Policy
Operations Policy
Transport-Land use Policy
Demand management
Policy
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WHAT WOULD AN ECONOMIST RECOMMEND?
PUBLIC POLICY INNOVATION
Price should reflect the imposed cost (economic, social and environmental externalities)
Scarce resource; price as regulatory mechanism
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PUBLIC POLICY INNOVATION
SINGAPORE / LONDON / STOCKHOLM
Peak hour congestion
Public transport
and bicycle demand
Pollution
Fuente: GTZ, SUTP
Transport speed
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PUBLIC POLICY INNOVATION
Política de transporte - Uso
del suelo
VICEMINISTRY OF TRANSPORT
SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY OFFICE
PROJECT MONITORING
Política de administración de demanda
(TDM)
Climate change and environ-
mental quality Policy
Política de operaciones
Transport-Land use Policy
Operations Policy
Demand management
Policy
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PUBLIC POLICY INNOVATION
GREEN CORRIDORS – ZERO EMISSIONS
v
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Colombia represents 50% of registered CDM Transport Projects (3 of 6)
UN approved methodologies have been designed based on these projects
13 Transport Projects (BRTs, rail, cable) with reduction potential 1.3 million tCO2e/year
COLOMBIA: LEADER IN TRANSPORT-CLIMATE CHANGE INITIATIVES
TRANSMILENIO, BOGOTÁCERS SOLD: 277.044 TCO2E
(2006 – 2009)
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COLOMBIA: LEADER IN TRANSPORT-CLIMATE CHANGE INITIATIVES
• Investment Plan for Colombia (US$150 million): US$50m (EE) + US$100m (transport)
• Sustainable Transport: US$ 80m (Bogota´s Integrated Public Transport System) + US$ 20m (Strategic Public Transport Systems – Mid-size cities)
• Components: 1. Infrastructure: Green Corridor (7th Avenue – Bogotá) * BID+BM Technical Assistance 2. Low-carbon technology buses (electric and hybrids) * CT BID with Clinton Climate Initiative: Testing
CLEAN TECHNOLOGY FUND:
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Política Nacional de Transporte Urbano y Movilidad
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OCHO (8) SITM Con población superior a 600.000 habitantes
•! En Estructuración (1): Cúcuta
Fuente: Páginas Web – Entes Gestores
Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2010-2014 Movilidad Urbana Proyectos
SITM
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CUATRO (4) SITP (Bogotá, Pereira, Barranquilla y Bucaramanga)
SITP
Fuente: www.bogota.gov.co Fuente: www.bogota.gov.co
Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2010-2014 Movilidad Urbana Proyectos
SITP
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DOCE (12) SETP Con población entre 250.000 y 600.000 habitantes
•! En Estructuración (5): Buenaventura, Neiva, Villavicencio, Ibagué y Manizales
Fuente: Municipio de Manizales
Paraderos con Espacio Público
Fuente: Municipio de Sincelejo Fuente: Municipio de SincelejoFuente: Municipio de Sincelejo
Ciclorrutas
Fuente: Municipio de Sincelejo Fuente: Municipio de Sincelejo
Vías Peatonales
Fuente: Municipio de Popayán
Transporte Público
Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2010-2014 Movilidad Urbana Proyectos
SETP
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CUATRO(4) SITR (Caribe, Eje Cafetero, Cundinamarca y Antioquia)
Fuente: Google Earth
(Tráfico Mixto – SITM – Tren)
Fuente: Google Earth
(TM – Portal Norte)
Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2010-2014 Movilidad Urbana Proyectos
SITR
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OCHO (8) Estrategia en Ciudades Pequeñas Con población inferior a 250.000 habitantes
(Tunja, Barrancabermeja, Quibdó, Ocaña, Riohacha, Florencia, Yopal y Fusagasugá)
Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2010-2014 Movilidad Urbana Proyectos Estrategia en Ciudades Pequeñas
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SIETE (7) SAB (Leticia, Arauca, Saravena, Maicao, Ipiales,
Puerto Asís y Puerto Carreño)
Leticia (Col) – Tabatinga (Bra)
Ipiales (Col) – Tulcán (Ecu)
Fuente: Google Earth
Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2010-2014 Movilidad Urbana Proyectos
SAB
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OCHO(8) Planes de Movilidad
En Formulación (3): Cartagena, Montería y Fusagasugá
Fuente: Municipio de Sincelejo
Transporte Privado Fuente: Municipio de Sincelejo
Transporte Público
Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2010-2014 Movilidad Urbana Proyectos
Planes de Movilidad
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OCHO(8) Planes de Movilidad
En Formulación (3): Cartagena, Montería y Fusagasugá
OCHO (8) SITM Con población superior a 600.000 habitantes
•! En Estructuración (1): Cúcuta
DOCE (12) SETP Con población entre 250.000 y 600.000 habitantes
•! En Estructuración (5): Buenaventura, Neiva, Villavicencio, Ibagué y Manizales
OCHO (8) Estrategia en Ciudades Pequeñas Con población inferior a 250.000 habitantes
(Tunja, Barrancabermeja, Quibdó, Ocaña, Riohacha, Florencia, Yopal y Fusagasugá)
SIETE (7) SAB (Leticia, Arauca, Saravena, Maicao, Ipiales,
San Miguel y Puerto Carreño)
CUATRO (4) SITP (Bogotá, Pereira, Barranquilla y Bucaramanga)
CUATRO(4) SITR (Caribe, Eje Cafetero, Cundinamarca y Antioquia)
Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2010-2014 Movilidad Urbana Proyectos
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